On the Trinity
De Trinitate
Reconciliation through Christ and Faith§1
1the error
Through that reconciliation, the world was reconciled to God, and that in Christ there is a covenant toward God for the world. For he has: 'just as God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and having established in us the word of reconciliation. Therefore we plead on behalf of Christ as the God pleading through us. We pray on behalf of Christ: be reconciled to God.' (2 Cor 5:19).
And again, as he preached all other things, he cried out loudly that even what seems trivial is profitable to Christ because of his philanthropy-driven economy, overflowing with all prosperity and strength, doing this through works, so that he might not cause the one who comes from the glorious passion to overlook the unbegotten, incorruptible, and unchangeable divinity, a scripture of pride.
And he said such things: 'not that I have judged anything to be known among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified.' (1 Cor 2:2). To the Romans: 'the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe.' (Rom 3:22).
Through the faith spoken toward the Son, each is justified by God. To the Galatians: 'knowing that a man is not justified by works of the law except through faith in Jesus Christ, and we believed in Jesus Christ so that we might be justified from the faith of Christ and not from works of the law, because no flesh shall be justified by works of the law.' (Gal 2:16).
And he explains also to others that 'neither circumcision avails nor uncircumcision, but a new faith working through love.' (Gal 5:6). Of the word deepening the mind, expanding it.
Therefore he intends to teach how the appearance of Christ is something new and the only faith was found for all men; according to which he left no place, neither in Judaism nor in Hellenism. And this could be understood also according to: 'behold, the old things have passed away, all things have become new.' (2 Cor 5:17). And so that it may be understood, he who knows God says that the circumcision is not complete according to the law. He took up into
Greek · §1
De trinitate 7.1 Ἐκφεύγειν τοιγαροῦν τὸ ἔγκλημα τὸ περὶ τῆς δόξης τῶν κτιστῶν θεῶν τοὺς πιστεύοντας τῷ υἱῷ ὁ ἔννομος Παῦλος τῷ θεϊκῷ πνεύματι σεσοφισμένος ἐγγυᾶται. 7.2 ἔτι δὲ καὶ "ἀθέους" ἀποκαλεῖ τοὺς πρὸ τούτου ἐκτὸς τοῦ υἱοῦ τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα μόνον ἐγνωκότας, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐν π̣ο̣ι̣ήμασι τ̣ελ̣εῖ, γράφων πῇ μὲν ὅτι «μνημονεύετε ὅτι ποτὲ ὑμεῖς τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί, οἱ λεγόμενοι ἀκροβυστία ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου, ὅτι ἦτε τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ χωρὶς Χριστοῦ, ἀπηλλοτρι̣ω̣μ̣ένοι τῆς ἐλπ̣ι´̣δος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπ̣αγγελίας, ἐλπίδα μὴ ἔχοντες καὶ ἄθεοι ἐν τῷ κ̣όσμῳ». 7.3 πῇ δέ «ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν οὐκ εἰδότες θεὸν ἐδουλεύσατε τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσι θεοῖς–νῦν δὲ γνόντες θεόν, μᾶλλον γν̣ωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ, πῶς ἐπιστρέφετε πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα, οἷς πάλιν ἄνωθεν δ̣ουλεύειν θ̣έλετε»; 7.4 ἀλλὰ μὴν τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου νόμου τὸ ἀεὶ νέον καὶ οὐκ εἰς γῆρας ἀποκλῖνον σω̣τ̣η´̣ρ̣ιον κήρυγμα τὸ περὶ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος καὶ τὸν ἐκκλησιαστικὸν θεσμὸν προφερέστερον ἡγεῖται διὰ τὸ τέλ̣ε̣ι̣ο̣ν καὶ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν μήτε ἀνομ ἐνοχλοῦν μήτε ··κάλλιον ἢ μεῖζον χρὴ προτεθη ο·· λόγῳ ἢ τρόπῳ καλλ γὰρ τῷ χρήματι τούτῳ γράφει π̣ε̣π σι τὸ μὲν ὁ´̣τι «ἐγενόμην» «κατὰ ζῆλον διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος· ἀλλὰ ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν. ἀλλὰ μὲν οὖν γε καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τ̣ο̣ῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν, δι' ὃν τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην καὶ ἡγοῦμαι σκύβαλα εἶναι, ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω». 7.5 Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν κηρύσσει, ὃν οὐκ ἐκηρύξαμεν, ἢ πνεῦμα ἕτερον λαμβάνετε, ὃ οὐκ ἐλάβετε». 7.6 Ἆρα δὲ καὶ πρὸς τί ἀπιδὼν καὶ οἷα διανοηθεὶς ἀκραιφνοῦς θεογνωσίας αὖθις ἴδια γέγραφεν· Κορινθίοις μὲν τὸ δεύτερον ὅτι γε εἰ τῷ υ̣ἱῷ τις καταλλαγῇ, τῷ θεῷ κατηλλάγη κ̣αὶ ὅτ̣ι ἐν Χριστῷ η῾̣ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν σ̣ύμβασίς ἐστι τοῦ κόσμου· 7.7 ἔχει δέ· «ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ, μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώμα̣τα αὐτῶν, καὶ θέμε̣νος ἐν ἡμῖν τὸν λόγον τῆς καταλλαγῆς. ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ οὖν πρε̣σβεύομεν ὡς τοῦ θεοῦ παρακαλοῦντος δι' ἡμῶν. δεόμεθα ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ· καταλλάγητε τῷ θεῷ». 7.8 Καὶ πάλιν ὡς πάντα τὰ ἄλλα ᾶ παρεὶς ἐκήρυττεν μεγάλα αὐχῶν ὅτι καὶ τὸ δοκοῦν ἐπονείδιστον εἶναι Χριστῷ διὰ τὴν φιλάνθρωπον αὐτοῦ οἰκονομίαν, πᾶσαν εὔκλειαν καὶ ῥώμην βρύει, ἐγᾦμαι τοῦτο ποιῶν ἐξ ἔργου, ἵνα καὶ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ἐνδόξου πάθους τὴν ἀγένητον καὶ ἀκήρατον καὶ ἀναλλοίωτον θεότητα μὴ κατοπτεύων γραφὴν ὑπερηφανίας ὀφλοῖ. 7.9 ἔλεγεν δὲ τοιάδε· «οὐκ ἔκρινά τι εἰδέναι ἐν ὑμῖν εἰ μὴ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον». Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «δικαιοσύνη δὲ θεοῦ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς πάντας τοὺς πιστεύοντας». 7.10 διὰ τῆς εἰς τὸν υἱὸν φησ̣ὶ πίστεως δικαιοῦται ὑπὸ θεοῦ ἕκαστος. 7.11 Γαλάταις δέ· «εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικα̣ιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ». 7.12 ἐξηγεῖται δὲ καὶ ἑτέρωθι ὅτι «οὔτε περιτομή τι ἰσχύει οὔτε ἀκροβυστία, ἀλλὰ καινὴ πίστις δ̣ι̣' α᾿̣γάπης ἐνεργουμένη». 7.13 Τοῦ δὲ λόγου βαθύνοντος τὸν νοῦν ἀναπτυκτέον. 7.14 διδάσκειν μὲν οὖν βούλεται ὡς ἡ Χριστοῦ ἐπιφάνεια καινήν̣ τινα καὶ τὴν μόνην πίστιν ἁ´̣πασιν ἀνθρώποις ἐξεύρετο· καθ' ἣν οὐδεμίαν χώραν οὔτε Ἰουδαισμῷ οὔτε Ἑλληνισμῷ καταλέλοιπεν. 7.15 αὕτη δὲ νοηθ̣ε̣ι´̣η̣ ἂν καὶ κατὰ τό· «ἰδο̣υ`̣ τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν, καινὰ γέγονε̣ν πάν τα». καὶ ἵνα συνελ··ε̣ι̣ παύεται μὲν̣ ὁ τὸν̣ θεὸν εἰδὼς νόμου ὡσ μὴ τελεία̣ν τὴν π̣εριτομὴν φησίν. 7.16 ἀνέλαμψεν δὲ εἰς
Christ's Agency and the Knowledge of God§2
2The Son is the true and free light and teaching for all; and he mystically demonstrates this to them, which they are ignorant of, through the ever-present memory of the many-fold exodus from Egypt within them. Thus, the noble Son of God testifies by his own nature to being free from above and not to have the character of a sister to the creation—for everything produced is a slave to the one who brought it into being, and the created thing is a slave to the creator—and he says to Peter: 'From whom do the kings of the earth receive taxes or customs?' (Matt 17:25). 'From their sons or from strangers?' Answering, 'From strangers,' Jesus said to him; 'therefore the sons are free. But so that we do not scandalize them, having gone into the sea, cast a hook, and the first fish that comes up will have a coin in its mouth. Taking that, give it to them instead of me and you.' (Matt 17:27). These things regarding these matters. But others still persist.
Concerning those who mythologize that the Father made the Son through the agency of creation: Blasphemously contending and mythologizing, they say that the Father made a Son most necessary to serve him regarding the rest of the creations, no longer understanding that this depends upon their own speculative reasoning—envy and sloth and other material things. For it is necessary indeed to see even these things. For if it is good to create—just as it is good and only proper and only exceptional of the divine abundant nature, so that he might also be glorified by the created—would he have felt pity if he created all things himself? And if indeed it is great for those being created to be carried along by the greater—if, according to them, the Father is greater than his own Son the Word—would he have been flattered by those glorifying his making through another? And if indeed they have not fled from all things at once, both pride and weakness, in making the produced through a mediator—the one making it through himself being greater in glory than the one making it through another—for he is not yet obeying the ever-existing by the rains, and as long as he is not yet permeated, he receives fitting measures and does not have in him anything lacking; not only is the proud one proud, but if he were already shown all that he would have authority and from...
And Jesus says to Lazarus, having died, 'Come out.' And to another, 'Your sins are forgiven you'; and to another, 'I command you. Come out of it.' But the fact that God does these things through another, according to the understanding of those men, demonstrates the God the Father, for whom the lawful Paul, having been inspired by the divine Spirit, guarantees to the believers among the creators of gods.
Furthermore, he also calls 'atheists' those who before this knew only God and the Father, being outside of the Son, because he does not complete the work in works, writing in one way that 'you remember that once you were among the Gentiles in the flesh, those called uncircumcised by the so-called circumcision in the flesh of human making, because at that time you were without Christ, being alienated from the hope of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and being atheists in the world' (Romans 1:26-28). And in another way, 'but at that time, not knowing God, you served gods which are not gods by nature—but now, having known God, rather having been known by God, how do you turn back again to the weak and poor elements, to which you desire again to serve from above?' (Galatians 4:8-9).
But truly, the message concerning Christ and the Holy Spirit is an ever-new salvation of the elder law, not declining into old age, and the ecclesiastical institution leads more forward because of its perfection and because it has neither lawlessness troubling it nor is it less or greater. For he writes by word or manner with this matter, having written that 'I became so... pursuing the church with zeal, having become blameless according to righteousness in the law; but whatever things were gains to me, these I have counted loss for the sake of Christ. But indeed I also consider all things loss because of the surpassingness of the knowledge of Jesus Christ our Lord, for whom all things were lost to me, and I count them as rubbish, so that I may gain Christ' (Philippians 3:6-8).
To the Romans: 'For if he who comes preaches another Jesus, whom we did not preach, or if you receive a different spirit, which you did not receive' (2 Corinthians 11:4). So then, for what purpose, having given up and having thought in such a way, has he again written his own words of sharp divine knowledge? To the Corinthians, the second time, that if anyone is reconciled to the Son, he has been reconciled to God, and that in Christ there is a covenant with the world; and it has: 'as if God were in Christ'...
Greek · §2
1 σωτη̣ρία̣ν̣ καὶ διδασ̣καλίαν πᾶσιν φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν καὶ ἐλεύθερο̣ν ὁ υἱός· καὶ παρίστησι τοῦτο τό τισιν αὐτῶν ἀγν̣οου´̣μενον μυστι̣κῶς διὰ τὴν ἔναυλον ἐν αὐτοῖς τῆς πολυθεΐας ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μνήμην· 7.17 προσμαρτυρῶν τοίνυν ὁ σεπτο`̣ς θεοῦ υἱὸς τῇ οἰκείᾳ φύσει τὸ ἄνωθεν ἐλεύθερον καὶ μὴ ἀδελφὴν οἷον ἔχειν τὴν κτίσιν–δοῦλον γὰρ πᾶν τὸ παραχθὲν καὶ εἰς γένεσιν τοῦ παραγαγόντος καὶ τὸ κτισθὲν κτίσμα τοῦ κτίσαντος–λέγει πρὸς Πέτρον· 7.18 «οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς ἀπὸ τίνων λαμβάνουσιν τέλη ἢ κη῀̣ν̣σον; ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων; ἀποκρινομε´̣νου· ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἄρα γε ἐλε̣ύθεροί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοί. ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτούς, πορευθεὶς εἰς θάλασσαν βάλε ἄγκιστρον καὶ τὸν ἀναβάντα πρῶτον ἰχθῦν ἇρον, καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ εὑρήσεις στατῆρα. υ ἐκεῖνον λαβὼν δὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ.» 7.19 ταῦτα μὲν περὶ τούτων. οἱδὲ παύονται ἔτι. 8.ν Περὶ τῶν διαμυθολογούντων ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ ἐποίησε τὸν υἱὸν ἐπὶ τῇ ὑπουργίᾳ τῆς κτίσεως. 8.1 Βλασφήμως ἀντεξάγοντες καὶ διαμυθολογοῦντες φασὶ τὸν πατέρα πεποιῆσθαι υἱὸν χρειωδέστατον ἐπὶ τὸ ὑπουργεῖν αὐτῷ πρὸς τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν κτισμάτων, οὔκετι κατανοοῦντες ὡς ἐξήρτ̣ηται τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦδε στ̣ο̣χαστικοῦ αὐτῶν λόγου· φθόνος τε καὶ ὄκνος καὶ ἕτερα υ῾̣λ̣ι̣κά. 8.2 ∆εῖ γὰρ δήπου καὶ ταῦτα ὁρᾶν. εἰ γὰρ καλὸν τὸ δημιουργεῖν–ὥσπερ οὖν καλὸν καὶ μόνον ἴδιον καὶ μόνον ἐξαίρετον τῆς θεϊκῆς ἀφθόνου φύσεως, ἵν' ἔχοι καὶ ὑπό του δοξάζηται–, ἀνθ' ὅτου μὴ πάντα δι̣' ἑαυτ̣ο̣ῦ ἔκτισεν, ἀλλ' οἱονεί πως κατώκνησεν; 8.3 εἰ δὲ καὶ μ̣έγα̣ τοῖς κτιζομένοις τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ μείζονος καὶ ἐ παρα φέρεσθαι, εἴπερ κατ' αὐτοὺς μείζων τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ λόγου ὁ πατήρ, ε᾿̣βάσκαινε τοῖς δοξάζουσιν αὐτὸν τὴν δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποίησιν; 8.4 εἰ δὲ καὶ ὑπερηφανία̣ς̣ ἀδυναμίας τε ἅμ̣α παντάπασιν οὐκ ἀπήλλακται τὸ διὰ μεσίτου ποιεῖν τὸ παραγόμενον, τοῦ παράγοντος αὐτὸ δι' ἑαυτοῦ ἤπερ τοῦ δι' ἑτέρου ποιοῦντος μείζονα τὴν δόξαν ἐκφαίνει. 8.5 οὔπω γὰρ ὂν τοῦ ἀεὶ ὄντος νεύμασιν ὑπακούει καὶ ὅσον οὐδέπω διαπεραίνεται καὶ μέτρα προσήκοντα δέχεται καὶ οὐκ ἔχει ἔν τινι τὸ ἐλλεῖπον οὐχ ὑπερήφανος μόνον ὁ ὑπερη ἀλλ' ἤδη καταν̣ τ̣ ι δειχθείη πάν̣τ̣α ὁ´̣σα ἂν ἐξουσίαν καὶ ἀπ ρωμ τ εἰ δὲ Ἰησοῦς λέγει τῷ Λαζα´̣ρ̣ῳ τεθνηκότι· «δεῦρο ἔξω.» καὶ ἄλλῳ· 8.6 «ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου» καὶ ἄλλῳ· «ἐγώ σο̣ι̣ ἐπιτάσσω. ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ» τὸ δὲ τὸν θεὸν ταῦτα ποιεῖν δι' ἄλλου κατὰ τὸν ἐκείνων νοῦν δείκνυσι τὸν μὲν θεὸν πατέρα, οὗ αἱ νοή7.1 κτιστῶν θεῶν τοὺς πιστεύοντας τῷ υἱῷ ὁ ἔννομος Παῦλος τῷ θεϊκῷ πνεύματι σεσοφισμένος ἐγγυᾶται. 7.2 ἔτι δὲ καὶ "ἀθέους" ἀποκαλεῖ τοὺς πρὸ τούτου ἐκτὸς τοῦ υἱοῦ τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα μόνον ἐγνωκότας, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐν π̣ο̣ι̣ήμασι τ̣ελ̣εῖ, γράφων πῇ μὲν ὅτι «μνημονεύετε ὅτι ποτὲ ὑμεῖς τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί, οἱ λεγόμενοι ἀκροβυστία ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου, ὅτι ἦτε τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ χωρὶς Χριστοῦ, ἀπηλλοτρι̣ω̣μ̣ένοι τῆς ἐλπ̣ι´̣δος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπ̣αγγελίας, ἐλπίδα μὴ ἔχοντες καὶ ἄθεοι ἐν τῷ κ̣όσμῳ». 7.3 πῇ δέ «ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν οὐκ εἰδότες θεὸν ἐδουλεύσατε τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσι θεοῖς–νῦν δὲ γνόντες θεόν, μᾶλλον γν̣ωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ, πῶς ἐπιστρέφετε πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα, οἷς πάλιν ἄνωθεν δ̣ουλεύειν θ̣έλετε»; 7.4 ἀλλὰ μὴν τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου νόμου τὸ ἀεὶ νέον καὶ οὐκ εἰς γῆρας ἀποκλῖνον σω̣τ̣η´̣ρ̣ιον κήρυγμα τὸ περὶ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος καὶ τὸν ἐκκλησιαστικὸν θεσμὸν προφερέστερον ἡγεῖται διὰ τὸ τέλ̣ε̣ι̣ο̣ν καὶ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν μήτε ἀνομ ἐνοχλοῦν μήτε ··κάλλιον ἢ μεῖζον χρὴ προτεθη ο·· λόγῳ ἢ τρόπῳ καλλ γὰρ τῷ χρήματι τούτῳ γράφει π̣ε̣π σι τὸ μὲν ὁ´̣τι «ἐγενόμην» «κατὰ ζῆλον διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος· ἀλλὰ ἅτινα ἦν μοι κέρδη, ταῦτα ἥγημαι διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ζημίαν. ἀλλὰ μὲν οὖν γε καὶ ἡγοῦμαι πάντα ζημίαν εἶναι διὰ τὸ ὑπερέχον τῆς γνώσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τ̣ο̣ῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν, δι' ὃν 2 τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην καὶ ἡγοῦμαι σκύβαλα εἶναι, ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδήσω». 7.5 Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν κηρύσσει, ὃν οὐκ ἐκηρύξαμεν, ἢ πνεῦμα ἕτερον λαμβάνετε, ὃ οὐκ ἐλάβετε». 7.6 Ἆρα δὲ καὶ πρὸς τί ἀπιδὼν καὶ οἷα διανοηθεὶς ἀκραιφνοῦς θεογνωσίας αὖθις ἴδια γέγραφεν· Κορινθίοις μὲν τὸ δεύτερον ὅτι γε εἰ τῷ υ̣ἱῷ τις καταλλαγῇ, τῷ θεῷ κατηλλάγη κ̣αὶ ὅτ̣ι ἐν Χριστῷ η῾̣ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν σ̣ύμβασίς ἐστι τοῦ κόσμου· 7.7 ἔχει δέ· «ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ
The Freedom of the Sons and the Error of the Myth-Makers§3
3reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and having established among us the word of reconciliation. Therefore we intercede for Christ as the God entreating through us. We pray on behalf of Christ: 'be reconciled to God.'
And again, as he used to preach all other things, he cried out loudly that even what seemed difficult was made easy to Christ because of his philanthropic economy, all glory and strength overflowing, doing this by work, so that one might not overlook the unbegotten, unmixed, and unchangeable divinity of the one from the glorious passion, lest a scripture of pride should offend. And he was saying such things: 'not to judge anything in you except Jesus Christ and this one crucified' (cf. 1 Cor 2:8). And to the Romans: 'the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe' (Rom 3:22).
Each is justified by God through the faith he speaks of toward the Son. And to the Galatians: 'knowing that no man is justified by works of the law except through faith in Jesus Christ, and we believed in Jesus Christ so that we might be justified from the faith of Christ and not from works of the law, because no flesh shall be justified by works of the law' (Gal 2:16). And he explains also to others that 'neither circumcision avails nor uncircumcision, but a new faith working through love' (Gal 5:6).
Of the word deepening the mind, it is to be developed. Therefore he intends to teach that the appearance of Christ is something new and that the only faith was found for all men; according to which he leaves no place, neither in Judaism nor in Hellenism. And this could be understood also according to: 'behold, the old things have passed away, all things have become new' (Rev 21:5). And so that it may be understood, he who knows God ceases to say that the circumcision is not perfect.
And the Son took up into salvation and teaching for all the true and free light; and he presents this to some of them as being mystically unknown through the inward memory of the exodus from Egypt. Therefore, the venerable Son of God bears witness to his own nature to the freedom from above, and not as a sister having the creation—for everything produced is a slave to the one who brought it into being, and the created thing is a slave to the one who created it.
He says to Peter: 'From whom do the kings of the earth receive taxes or custom? From their own sons or from others?' Answering: 'From others,' Jesus said to him, 'so then the sons are free. In order that we might not scandalize them, having gone into the sea, cast a hook and the first fish coming up, Peter, and having opened its mouth, you will find a stater. Taking that, give it to them instead of me and you.' (Matt 22:16-22). These things indeed concerning these. But they still do not cease.
Concerning those mythologizing that the Father made the Son by the ministry of creation. 8.1 Dealing blasphemously and mythologizing, they say that the Father made a Son most necessary to minister to Him regarding the rest of the creatures, no longer understanding how this depended on this speculative word of theirs: envy and sloth and other material things. 8.2 For it is necessary indeed even to see these things. For if it is good to create—just as it is good and only proper and only exceptional of the divine abundant nature, so that he might also be glorified by the one who receives it—instead of having created all things through Himself, did He somewhat grow weary? 8.3 And if indeed it is great for those being created to be carried along by the greater, if according to them the Father is greater than His own Son the Word, did He court those glorifying Him for His making through another? 8.4 And if indeed they have not fled from all things at once, both pride and weakness, the making of the proceeding through a mediator makes the one doing it through Himself appear greater in glory than the one doing it through another. 8.5 For not being the ever-existing, He obeys the waves, and as long as He is not yet passing through, He receives the fitting measures and does not have in Him anything lacking; not only is the proud one proud, but he would already be shown to be lacking in all things and in authority. And when Jesus says to Lazarus, having died, 'Come out' (John 11:43), and to another, 'Your sins are forgiven you' (Mark 2:5), and to another, 'I command you, come out of him'—the fact that God does these things through another, according to their mind, shows the God the Father, whose thoughts are your workings, is not able to pass through all things by Himself without the help of the one through whom or in whom He acts.
Greek · §3
κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ, μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώμα̣τα αὐτῶν, καὶ θέμε̣νος ἐν ἡμῖν τὸν λόγον τῆς καταλλαγῆς. ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ οὖν πρε̣σβεύομεν ὡς τοῦ θεοῦ παρακαλοῦντος δι' ἡμῶν. δεόμεθα ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ· καταλλάγητε τῷ θεῷ». 7.8 Καὶ πάλιν ὡς πάντα τὰ ἄλλα ᾶ παρεὶς ἐκήρυττεν μεγάλα αὐχῶν ὅτι καὶ τὸ δοκοῦν ἐπονείδιστον εἶναι Χριστῷ διὰ τὴν φιλάνθρωπον αὐτοῦ οἰκονομίαν, πᾶσαν εὔκλειαν καὶ ῥώμην βρύει, ἐγᾦμαι τοῦτο ποιῶν ἐξ ἔργου, ἵνα καὶ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ἐνδόξου πάθους τὴν ἀγένητον καὶ ἀκήρατον καὶ ἀναλλοίωτον θεότητα μὴ κατοπτεύων γραφὴν ὑπερηφανίας ὀφλοῖ. 7.9 ἔλεγεν δὲ τοιάδε· «οὐκ ἔκρινά τι εἰδέναι ἐν ὑμῖν εἰ μὴ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον». Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «δικαιοσύνη δὲ θεοῦ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς πάντας τοὺς πιστεύοντας». 7.10 διὰ τῆς εἰς τὸν υἱὸν φησ̣ὶ πίστεως δικαιοῦται ὑπὸ θεοῦ ἕκαστος. 7.11 Γαλάταις δέ· «εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἐὰν μὴ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικα̣ιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ὅτι ἐξ ἔργων νόμου οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ». 7.12 ἐξηγεῖται δὲ καὶ ἑτέρωθι ὅτι «οὔτε περιτομή τι ἰσχύει οὔτε ἀκροβυστία, ἀλλὰ καινὴ πίστις δ̣ι̣' α᾿̣γάπης ἐνεργουμένη». 7.13 Τοῦ δὲ λόγου βαθύνοντος τὸν νοῦν ἀναπτυκτέον. 7.14 διδάσκειν μὲν οὖν βούλεται ὡς ἡ Χριστοῦ ἐπιφάνεια καινήν̣ τινα καὶ τὴν μόνην πίστιν ἁ´̣πασιν ἀνθρώποις ἐξεύρετο· καθ' ἣν οὐδεμίαν χώραν οὔτε Ἰουδαισμῷ οὔτε Ἑλληνισμῷ καταλέλοιπεν. 7.15 αὕτη δὲ νοηθ̣ε̣ι´̣η̣ ἂν καὶ κατὰ τό· «ἰδο̣υ`̣ τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν, καινὰ γέγονε̣ν πάν τα». καὶ ἵνα συνελ··ε̣ι̣ παύεται μὲν̣ ὁ τὸν̣ θεὸν εἰδὼς νόμου ὡσ μὴ τελεία̣ν τὴν π̣εριτομὴν φησίν. 7.16 ἀνέλαμψεν δὲ εἰς σωτη̣ρία̣ν̣ καὶ διδασ̣καλίαν πᾶσιν φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν καὶ ἐλεύθερο̣ν ὁ υἱός· καὶ παρίστησι τοῦτο τό τισιν αὐτῶν ἀγν̣οου´̣μενον μυστι̣κῶς διὰ τὴν ἔναυλον ἐν αὐτοῖς τῆς πολυθεΐας ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μνήμην· 7.17 προσμαρτυρῶν τοίνυν ὁ σεπτο`̣ς θεοῦ υἱὸς τῇ οἰκείᾳ φύσει τὸ ἄνωθεν ἐλεύθερον καὶ μὴ ἀδελφὴν οἷον ἔχειν τὴν κτίσιν–δοῦλον γὰρ πᾶν τὸ παραχθὲν καὶ εἰς γένεσιν τοῦ παραγαγόντος καὶ τὸ κτισθὲν κτίσμα τοῦ κτίσαντος– λέγει πρὸς Πέτρον· 7.18 «οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς ἀπὸ τίνων λαμβάνουσιν τέλη ἢ κη῀̣ν̣σον; ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων; ἀποκρινομε´̣νου· ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἄρα γε ἐλε̣ύθεροί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοί. ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτούς, πορευθεὶς εἰς θάλασσαν βάλε ἄγκιστρον καὶ τὸν ἀναβάντα πρῶτον ἰχθῦν ἇρον, καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ εὑρήσεις στατῆρα. υ ἐκεῖνον λαβὼν δὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ.» 7.19 ταῦτα μὲν περὶ τούτων. οἱδὲ παύονται ἔτι. 8.ν Περὶ τῶν διαμυθολογούντων ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ ἐποίησε τὸν υἱὸν ἐπὶ τῇ ὑπουργίᾳ τῆς κτίσεως. 8.1 Βλασφήμως ἀντεξάγοντες καὶ διαμυθολογοῦντες φασὶ τὸν πατέρα πεποιῆσθαι υἱὸν χρειωδέστατον ἐπὶ τὸ ὑπουργεῖν αὐτῷ πρὸς τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν κτισμάτων, οὔκετι κατανοοῦντες ὡς ἐξήρτ̣ηται τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦδε στ̣ο̣χαστικοῦ αὐτῶν λόγου· φθόνος τε καὶ ὄκνος καὶ ἕτερα υ῾̣λ̣ι̣κά. 8.2 ∆εῖ γὰρ δήπου καὶ ταῦτα ὁρᾶν. εἰ γὰρ καλὸν τὸ δημιουργεῖν–ὥσπερ οὖν καλὸν καὶ μόνον ἴδιον καὶ μόνον ἐξαίρετον τῆς θεϊκῆς ἀφθόνου φύσεως, ἵν' ἔχοι καὶ ὑπό του δοξάζηται–, ἀνθ' ὅτου μὴ πάντα δι̣' ἑαυτ̣ο̣ῦ ἔκτισεν, ἀλλ' οἱονεί πως κατώκνησεν; 8.3 εἰ δὲ καὶ μ̣έγα̣ τοῖς κτιζομένοις τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ μείζονος καὶ ἐ παρα φέρεσθαι, εἴπερ κατ' αὐτοὺς μείζων τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ λόγου ὁ πατήρ, ε᾿̣βάσκαινε τοῖς δοξάζουσιν αὐτὸν τὴν δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποίησιν; 8.4 εἰ δὲ 3 καὶ ὑπερηφανία̣ς̣ ἀδυναμίας τε ἅμ̣α παντάπασιν οὐκ ἀπήλλακται τὸ διὰ μεσίτου ποιεῖν τὸ παραγόμενον, τοῦ παράγοντος αὐτὸ δι' ἑαυτοῦ ἤπερ τοῦ δι' ἑτέρου ποιοῦντος μείζονα τὴν δόξαν ἐκφαίνει. 8.5 οὔπω γὰρ ὂν τοῦ ἀεὶ ὄντος νεύμασιν ὑπακούει καὶ ὅσον οὐδέπω διαπεραίνεται καὶ μέτρα προσήκοντα δέχεται καὶ οὐκ ἔχει ἔν τινι τὸ ἐλλεῖπον οὐχ ὑπερήφανος μόνον ὁ ὑπερη ἀλλ' ἤδη καταν̣ τ̣ ι δειχθείη πάν̣τ̣α ὁ´̣σα ἂν ἐξουσίαν καὶ ἀπ ρωμ τ εἰ δὲ Ἰησοῦς λέγει τῷ Λαζα´̣ρ̣ῳ τεθνηκότι· «δεῦρο ἔξω.» καὶ ἄλλῳ· 8.6 «ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου» καὶ ἄλλῳ· «ἐγώ σο̣ι̣ ἐπιτάσσω. ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ» τὸ δὲ τὸν θεὸν ταῦτα ποιεῖν δι' ἄλλου κατὰ τὸν ἐκείνων νοῦν δείκνυσι τὸν μὲν θεὸν πατέρα, οὗ αἱ νοήσεις ποιήσεις εἰσίν, μὴ δύνασθαι δι' ἑαυτοῦ τὸ πᾶν διαπεραίνειν δίχα τῆς ἐπικουρίας ἐκείνου τοῦ δι' οὗ ἢ ἐν ᾧ ποιεῖ· τὸν
The Incomprehensibility of Divine Generation§4
4But he treats the Son as if he were an insensate instrument. How will he not suffer a great fall and, with arms crossed, opposing such wild slanders, he must withdraw, knowing that he might not become a defendant before the divine Judge and the hearing of an unappealable grace?
Concerning those things of which the heretics say: 'When was the Son begotten and when did the Spirit proceed?' and the rest. Even with so many and so clear proofs, and the Scripture warning 'not to allow diverse and strange teachings' and to flee 'empty vanities,' the heterodox ones attempt to establish their religion from the writings, being at a loss; as if they were drinking here and there the word being scattered to each, having composed various sophisms poorly and having studied them much, putting forward those in which these things are: 'Therefore, all things, he says, are not from God?'
To which it must be answered: but the Son is not from Him by way of begetting, nor the Spirit by way of procession, according to the Spirit of God; nor is He of such operations, or so viewed as to be worthy of being established. Then: 'When, therefore, was the Son begotten and the Spirit proceeded?' Then, when the Father was not begotten. For indeed He is from Him, but not with Him. And just as it is unlawful to seek in a place, since neither the begetter nor the begotten is circumscribed—so also not in time. For the Son is God and the Word of the Father, but He is for the doing. Likewise also the Spirit.
How, he says, was He begotten? This—even if it was written concerning the Son: 'From the womb before the Morning Star I brought you forth' (Luke 1:42), and concerning the Holy Spirit: 'A Spirit proceeds from me,' and if David sings: 'By the word of the Lord the heavens were established, and by the spirit of His mouth all their powers' (Psalm 33:6), and if Job says: 'A divine spirit made me, and the breath of the Pantokrator teaches me' (Job 33:4), and if the Lord teaches: 'The spirit of truth, which proceeds from the Father' (John 16:13), and if Paul writes that it is the very Spirit of God as being their own to men—yet all this exceeds the mind, for the same Apostle writes to the Corinthians: 'Thanks be to God, who always triumphs over us in Christ and made the fragrance of the knowledge manifest through us' (2 Corinthians 2:14), as if not all knowledge is ours because of the uncontainable God, but something like a veil.
As if they were being carried by a breeze. And again, regarding Him: 'we see through a mirror and in an enigma' (1 Cor 13:12). And most appropriately. 'For the glory of the Lord hides the Word' (2 Cor 4:7), according to the divine explicit, a Word surpassing all created perception, unutterable and infinite.
Not only because of the uncontainable. But because the eternal and prior to all creation, if it were not revealed by the Scriptures, was unknown to creation. And again, to the same people, the second point is called to this: 'we shall not boast in the immeasurable, but according to the measure of the rule, which God has distributed to us, to reach even unto you' (2 Cor 10:8). And in the first epistle he says: 'If anyone thinks he has learned something, he has not yet learned to know as God should know' (1 John 4:7).
What is the difference between generation and procession? Since the manner is unknown, so too is the difference, if indeed it is permitted for one to hear or speak this, for it is daring to assign a cause to the Cause, which yields a cause and an intellect above all. But to marvel at the divine and to consider the concept concerning Him to be a fearful awe is safe.
'Therefore, wanting, says he, did God generate, or not wanting?' But we must forewarn of their aim and thus answer. The aim, then, is that they might make an antithesis from one word to the other, against the pure. For, intending to strike at 'not wanting he generated'—and no one answers this to them—they say: 'So then, what God does not want, remains generating the Son, with the necessity of nature surrounding him unheedingly.'
Or, if the 'wanting he generated' is given to them, they lead to this: 'So then the generation of the Son has escaped from the paternal will, providing existence to him creatively.' But this answer proves unstable. For the God who generates and the Father precedes both the will and the non-will and every concept, as does the Son, the 'radiance of His glory'; and nothing is a middle between Him and that from which He is conceived.
Similarly also the 'image of God.' And again, the Son is an existence not beginning and not ceasing, whether through the will or non-will. He therefore generated in accordance with will and intellect by nature. But even this proposal of theirs is amidst absurdities. For it presumes that to want is a passion of desire, while not to want is to act.
Greek · §4
δέ γε υἱὸν ὥς τι ἄψυχον ὄρ̣γ̣ανον. 8.7 πῶς οὐ μέγα προσπτύσας καὶ τὰς χεῖρας ὑπτι´̣ας ἀντιθεὶς ταῖς οὑτωσι`̣ ἀγρίαις δυσφημίαις ἀναχωρήσει δεδιὼς μὴ ὑπόδικος γένηται τοῦ θείου δικαστ̣ηρίου καὶ ἀκοη῀̣ς ἀπροαιρέτου χα´̣ρι̣ν; 9.ν Περὶ ὧν λέγουσιν αἱρετικοί· «πότε ὁ υἱὸς ἐγεννήθη καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα ἐξεπορεύθη;» καὶ τὰ λοιπά. 9.1 Τοσούτων τοίνυν καὶ οὕτω σαφῶν ἀποδείξεων οὐσῶν καὶ τῆς γραφῆς παραινούσης «ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις διδαχαῖς μὴ παραφέρεσθαι», φεύγειν δὲ «τὰς κενοφωνίας», οἱ ἑτερόδο̣ξο̣ι συστῆσαι ἀπὸ γραφω῀̣ν̣ τὰ τῆς θρησκείας αὐτῶν ἀποροῦντες και`̣ ···· ὡσανεὶ μεθύοντες τῇδε κἀκεῖσε τὸν ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ λόγον διαριπτούμενον ἔχοντες διάφορα σοφίσματα συνταγέντα αὐτοῖς κακοτέχνως καὶ κατὰ πολὺ μελετηθέντα προβάλλουσιν, ἐν οἷς ἐστι ταῦτα· 9.2 «τὰ σύμπαντα οὖν, φησίν, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ;» 9.3 οἷς ἀποκριτέον· ἀλλ' οὐ γεννητικῶς ὁ υἱὸς οὐδ' ἐκπορευτικῶς καθὰ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ οὐδὲ τοιούτων ἐστιν ἐνεργειῶν ἢ οὕτω περιβλέπτων ἠξιώθη συστάσεων . 9.4 εἶτα· «πότε οὖν ὁ υἱὸς ἐγεννήθη κ̣αὶ τὸ π̣νεῦμα ἐξεπορεύθη;» τότε, ὅτε ὁ πατὴρ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη. εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ' οὐ μετ' αὐτόν. 9.5 καὶ ὡς ἀθέμιτον τὸ ζητεῖν γὰρ ἐν τόπῳ, ἐπειδὴ μήτε περι̣ορ ὁ γεν̣ν̣ήσας καὶ ὁ γεννηθείς̣–, οὕτως οὐδ χ̣ρόνῳ. 9.6 θεὸς γὰρ ὢν ὁ υἱὸς καὶ λόγος το̣ῦ υ̣το, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ποιεῖν. ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα . 9.7 πῶς δέ, φησίν, ἐγεννήθη; τοῦτο–εἰ καὶ ἐγράφη περὶ μὲν τοῦ υἱοῦ· «ἐκ γαστρὸς πρὸ ἑωσφόρου ἐγέννησά σε», περὶ δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος· «πνεῦμα παρ' ἐμοῦ ἐκπορεύεται», καὶ εἰ ∆αυὶδ ψάλλει· «τῷ λόγῳ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν», καὶ εἰ λέγει ὁ Ἰώβ· «πνεῦμα θεῖον τὸ ποιῆσάν με, πνοὴ δὲ παντοκράτορος ἡ διδάσκουσά με», καὶ εἰ κύριος διδάσκει: «τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται», καὶ εἰ Παῦλος γράφει, πνεῦμα εἶναι αὐτὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἀνθρώποις τὸ αὐτῶν– 9.8 ὅμως οὕτω πάντα νοῦν ὑπερβαίνει ὅτι ὁ αὐτὸς ἀπόστολος Κορινθίοις γράφει· «τῷ δὲ θεῷ χάρις τῷ πάντοτε θριαμβεύοντι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ καὶ τὴν ὀσμὴν τῆς γνώσεως φανερώσαντι δι' ἡμῶν», ὡς μὴ πάσης τῆς γνώσεως ἡμᾶς διὰ τὸ ἀχώρητον, ἀλλ' οἷόν τινος ἰνδάλματος ἢ αὔρας ὥσπερ μετασχόντας. 9.9 καὶ πάλιν· «βλέπομεν δὲ δι' ἐσόπτρου καὶ ἐν αἰνίγματι» τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ. καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. «δόξα γὰρ κυρίου κρύπτει λόγον» κατὰ τὸ θεῖον ῥητὸν ὑπερκειμένη ἀφράστῳ καὶ ἀπείρῳ λόγῳ πάσης αἰσθήσεως γενητῆς. 9.10 οὐ διὰ τὸ ἀβάστακτον μόνον. ἀλλ' ὅτι τὸ προαιώνιον καὶ πρὸ πάσης κτίσ̣ε̣ω̣ς, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ γραφῶν δεδήλωτο, τῇ κτίσει ἠγν̣οεῖτο· 9.11 καὶ πάλιν τοῖς αὐτοῖς τὸ δεύτερον εἰς τοῦτο παγκαλο · «ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα καυχησόμεθα, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τ̣ὸ μέτρον τοῦ κανόνος, οὗ ἐμέρισεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεὸς μέτρου, ἐφικέσθαι ἄχρι καὶ ὑμῶν». καὶ ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ δὲ ἐπιστολῇ φησιν· «εἴτις δοκεῖ ἐγνωκέναι τι, οὔπω ἔγνω κα θὼς θεῖ γνῶναι». 9.12 τίς ἡ διαφορὰ τῆς γεννήσεως καὶ τῆς ἐκ πορ̣εύσεως; ω῾̣ς ὁ τρ̣όπος ἄγνωστος οὕτω καὶ ἡ διαφορά, εἴγε δὴ ἄρα ἐξὸν αὐτὸ 4 τοῦτο ἀκούειν ἢ λαλεῖν, τὸ γὰρ αἰτίας τῶν ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν αἰτίαν καὶ νόησιν ἀποδιδόναι τολμηρόν· τὸ δὲ θαυμάζειν τὸ θεῖον καὶ φόβον εἶναι τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔννοιαν φοβερὰν νομίζειν, ἀσφαλές. 9.13 «Θέλων οὖν, φησίν, ἐγέννησεν ὁ θεὸς ἢ μὴ θέλων;» ἀλλ' ἡμᾶς χρὴ προειπεῖν τὸν σκοπὸν αὐτῶν καὶ οὕτως ἀποκρίνασθαι. 9.14 ὁ οὖν σκοπός ἐστιν, ἵνα πρὸς ἀκεραίους ἀπὸ ἑκατέρας λέξεως τὴν ἀντίθεσιν ποιῶνται. 9.15 ἤντε γὰρ δράξωνται τοῦ «μὴ θέλων ἐγέννησεν»–οὐδεὶς δὲ αὐτοῖς τοῦτο ἀποκρίνεται–λέγουσιν· «οὐκοῦν ὃ μὴ θέλει ὁ θεὸς ὑπομένει γεννήσας τὸν υἱόν, φύσεως ἀνάγκης εἰς τοῦτο ἄκοντα αὐτὸν περιαγούσης». 9.16 ἤντε δοθῇ αὐτοῖς τὸ «θέλων ἐγέννησεν ἐπάγουσιν· «ἄρα ἡ γέννησις τοῦ υἱοῦ ἐξῆπται τῆς πατρικῆς θελήσεως, δημιουργικῶς ὕπαρξιν αὐτῷ παρεχούσης»· 9.17 ἡ δὲ ἀπόκρισις αὕτη ἀνουστάτη τυγχάνει. τῆς θελήσεως γὰρ καὶ τῆς ἀνεθελησίας καὶ πάσης ἐννοίας προτερεύει ὅ τε γεννήσας θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τό τε «ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ», ὁ υἱός· καὶ οὐδὲν τούτου μέσον καὶ ἐκείνου, ἐξ οὗ ἐστιν, ἐπινοηθῆναι δύναται. 9.18 Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἡ «εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ». ἔστιν δὲ πάλιν ὁ υἱὸς οὐκ ἀρχομένη οὐδὲ παυομένη πρώτη ὕπαρξις τῆς θελήσεως ἢ μὴ θελήσεως. 9.19 ἐγέννησεν οὖν ἐν τῇ ὑπὲρ βουλὴν καὶ νοῦν φύσει. 9.20 Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἥδε ἡ πρότασις αὐτῶν ἀτοπίας ἀνάμεστος. ἡγεῖται γὰρ τοῦ μὲν θέλειν πάθος ἐπιθυμίας, τοῦ δὲ μὴ θέλειν μέν, ποιεῖν
Will and Generation§5
5And, by necessity and force, along with the will being pre-conceived and before that the thought of the Father's subsistence—which possesses all and in every way—the radiance is co-subsistent.
9.21 To this, if they believe that all things came from the will of the Father through the Son, the will does not pre-exist. For it is absurd and impossible not to subsist the Creator and afterwards to receive that which is created through him. 9.22 But this too is full of irrationality. For if he says: 'I am and I am not changed' (Exodus 3:14), how can the unchangeable nature subsist changes according to the subsistences, not standing in the identity of the persons, but moving and falling? 9.23 Even this too. If it is true, as indeed it is true, 'whatever the Father does, the Son likewise does' (cf. John 5:19), the Son will also make another Son, so that he might do all things likewise to the Father. 9.24 But if he did not make and does not make, then it is not a creation nor is his paternal will considered as such. 9.25 Let me say something else; if the Savior says: 'The will of him who sent me, so that everyone seeing the Son and believing in him may have eternal life' (John 6:40), the Son is not from the will, but the one seeing him. 9.26 For the will is found with the Son even there. 9.27 One could drive away from them all of them and this logic, not only from the things previously said, but also from the things that will be brought against us; that is, if an opponent should falsely ask them: 'Whether at any time the Father exists by willing or not?', the same things they studied will answer them; regarding the 'not willing', because the subsisting happened to him by accident, nature's necessity driving him unawares to this; and regarding the second, because before the willing he was not; for his existence will be raised up into his willing, encompassing him creatively, according to their babblings, into a subsistence. 9.28 Similarly another thing, he will only say different from him before: 'God wills the immortal...'
Is it also good or unwilling? For the same things will be brought forth. It is better, if one answers them briefly, that nothing happens to the perfect God and nothing is left lacking in him.
And just as the will does not precede the paternal existence, immortality, and goodness, so also not the generation; and one can sing all such things regarding the thought concerning God. And regarding created things, David sings in Psalm 103 with a trembling psalm: 'Our God is in heaven; and on the earth, all that he willed he did' (Ps 103:19), and 'all things in wisdom you made' (Ps 33:9), that is, in the Son, and not in the will. And in Psalm 119: 'You held the hand of my right side, in your counsel you led me and with glory you received me' (Ps 119:139), and in 1 Chronicles: 'for wrath is in his mind and life is in his will' (1 Chr 28:9), and in 2 Samuel: 'Lord, in your will grant to my beauty strength' (2 Sam 14:11), and in Psalm 118: 'save me, because he willed me' (Ps 118:119).
For indeed, the manner in which, the Father existing immortal and good, wills to be these things and is willing these things, is not because—so that I may phrase it this way—having the will, he was not indeed unwilling; likewise, the will is not the cause of the being born. Regarding us, however, there is something from the energy of God and something from the will upon us to have; for indeed, we are brought to exist from soul and body and to be rational not by our own will, but by the will of God. For how could we ever, not being, have the capacity to will or not to will? But we have in our own choice to be good or bad, and being skilled by practice or unskilled by laziness.
And they have come to this main point, not being unsettled in their theory by accepting the words 'This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased' (Matt 3:17), since from that very thing they had a firm anchor of the right faith. But now they say that 'in whom I am well pleased' shows the Son to be a creature.
Greek · §5
δέ, ἡ ἐξ ἀνάγκης βία μετὰ τοῦ προεπινοεῖσθαι τὴν βούλησιν καὶ πρὸ ἐκείνης τὴν νόησιν τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς ὑποστάσεως τῆς πάντῃ τε καὶ πάντως ἐχούσης συνυφεστὸς τὸ ἀπαύγασμα. 9.21 Πρὸς τούτῳ εἰ πιστεύουσι τὰ πάντα ἐκ τῆς βουλήσεως τοῦ πατρὸς διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ γεγονέναι, οὐ προϋπάρχει ἡ βούλησις. ἀμήχανον γὰρ καὶ ἀδύνατον μὴ τὸν δημιουργὸν ὑφεστάναι καὶ μετέπειτα δεδόχθαι τὸ δι' αὐτοῦ δημιουργῆσαι. 9.22 Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο ἀσυνεσίας μεστόν. εἰ γὰρ αὐτός φησιν· «ἐγώ εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἠλλοίωμαι», πῶς ἡ ἀναλλοίωτος φύσις ἀλλοίωσιν ὑποσταίη κατὰ τὰς ὑποστάσεις μὴ ἐν ταυτότητι τῶν προσώπων ἑστῶσα, ἀλλὰ κινουμένη καὶ μεταπίπτουσα; 9.23 Ἔτι καὶ τοῦτο. εἰ ἀληθές, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀληθές, τό «ἅπερ ἂν ὁ πατὴρ ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ», ποιήσει καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ἄλλον υἱόν, ἵνα πάντα ὁμοίως τῷ πατρὶ ποιήσῃ. 9.24 εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἐποίησεν οὐδὲ ποιεῖ, οὐκ ἔστιν κτίσμα οὐδ' ἡγεῖται αὐτοῦ πατρικὴ βούλησις. 9.25 Εἴποιμι καὶ ἕτερον· εἰ λέγει ὁ σωτήρ· «θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ θεωρῶν τὸν υἱὸν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον», οὐκ ἐκ θελήματος ὁ υἱὸς, ἀλλ' ὁ θεωρῶν αὐτόν. 9.26 τὸ γὰρ θέλημα μετὰ τὸν υἱὸν κἀνταῦθα εὑρίσκεται. 9.27 Ἀπεώσαιτο δ' ἂν καθ' ὅλου τις θᾶττον αὐτῶν καὶ τουτονὶ τὸν λόγον οὐκ ἐκ μόνων τῶν προλεχθέντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐπαχθησομένων πρὸς ἡμῶν· τουτέστιν, εἴγε παραπλήσιον ἀντέρηται αὐτούς· «πότερον ποτὲ ὁ πατὴρ θελήσας ὑπάρχει ἢ οὔ;», τὰ ἴσα γὰρ ὧν ἐμελέτησαν ἀπαντήσει αὐτοῖς· πρὸς μὲν τὸ «οὐ θελήσας», ὅτι παρὰ σκοπὸν αὐτῷ συνέβη τὸ ὑφεστάναι, φύσεως ἀνάγκης εἰς τοῦτο αὐτὸν ἄκοντα περιτρεπούσης· πρὸς δὲ τὸ δεύτερον, ὅτι πρὸ τῆς θελήσεως οὐκ ἦν· ἀναχθήσεται γὰρ ἡ ὕπαρξις αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν βούλησιν αὐτοῦ· δημιουργικῶς αὐτόν, κατὰ τὰς βαττολογίας αὐτῶν, εἰς ὑπόστασιν περιελαυνούσης. 9.28 Ὁμοίως καὶ ἄλλο, λέξει μόνον διαφέρον τοῦ πρὸ αὐτοῦ· «θελητῶς ὁ θεὸς ἀθάνατός ἐστιν καὶ ἀγαθὸς ἢ ἀνεθελήτως;» ἐπενεχθήσεται γὰρ τὰ αὐτά. 9.29 Κάλλιον δέ τις ποιήσει, εἰ συντόμως ἀποκρίνηται αὐτοῖς, μηδὲν ἐπισυμβαίνειν τῷ παντελείῳ θεῷ μηδέ τι ἀπολιμπάνειν αὐτόν· 9.30 καὶ ὥσπερ οὐ προηγεῖται τῆς πατρικῆς ὑπάρξεως καὶ ἀθανασίας καὶ ἀγαθότητος θέλημα, οὕτως οὐδὲ τῆς γεννήσεως· καὶ ἀπᾴδειν πάντα ὁπόσα τοιαῦτα τῆς περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐνθυμήσεως· 9.31 περὶ δὲ τῶν κτιστῶν τὸν ∆αυῒδ ᾄδειν ἐν ριγʹ ψαλμῷ· 9.31 «ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ· καὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ, πάντα ὅσα ἐθέλησεν ἐποίησεν», καί «πάντα ἐν σοφίᾳ ἐποίησας», τουτέστιν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ, οὐχὶ δὲ ἐν θελήματι, 9.32 καὶ ἐν οβʹ ψαλμῷ· «ἐκράτησας τῆς χειρὸς τῆς δεξιᾶς μου, ἐν τῇ βουλῇ 5 σου ὡδήγησάς με καὶ μετὰ δόξης προσελάβου με», καὶ ἐν κθʹ· «ὅτι ὀργὴ ἐν τῷ θυμῷ αὐτοῦ καὶ ζωὴ ἐν τῷ θελήματι αὐτοῦ», καί ἐν· «κύριε, ἐν τῷ θελήματί σου παράσχου τῷ κάλλει μου δύναμιν», καὶ ἐν ιζʹ· «ῥύσεταί με, ὅτι ἠθέλησέν με». 9.33 Καὶ γὰρ ὃν τρόπον, ὑπάρχων ὁ πατὴρ ἀθάνατός τε καὶ ἀγαθός, βούλεται εἶναι ταῦτα καὶ βουλόμενός ἐστιν ταῦτα, οὐκ αἰτίαν, ἵν' οὕτω φράσω, τὴν βούλησιν ἔχων οὔτε μὴν ἀνεθελήτως ὤν· οὕτως οὐδὲ τοῦ γεννῆσαι ἡ βούλησις αἰτία. 9.34 περὶ ἡμᾶς δὲ τὸ τινὰ μὲν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐνεργείας, τινὰ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἐφ' ἡμῖν θελήματος ἔχειν· 9.35 καὶ γὰρ οὐ βουλήσει μὲν τῇ ἑαυτῶν, ἀλλὰ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ κτώμεθα τὸ συνεστάναι ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ τὸ εἶναι λογικοί· 9.36 οἱ γὰρ οὔποτε ὄντες πῶς εἴχομεν βούλεσθαι ἢ μὴ βούλεσθαι; 9.37 προαιρέσει δὲ ἰδίᾳ ἔχομεν τὸ εἶναι καλοὺς ἢ κακούς, ἐπιστήμονάς τε κατ' ἐπιτηδειότητα ἢ ἀνεπιστήμονας κατὰ ῥαθυμίαν. 9.38 Ἐληλύθασιν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ κεφάλαιον τοῦτο οὐκ ἀτρεκεῖ θεωρήματι παραδεχόμενοι τό «οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός, ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα», ἐπεὶ ἂν αὐτόθεν εἶχον τῆς ὀρθῆς πίστεως ἄγκυραν βεβαίαν. 9.39 νυνὶ δὲ φάσκουσιν, ὅτι τό «ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα» δείκνυσι κτίσμα τὸν υἱόν.
The Unchanging Essence and the Names of the Trinity§6
6Indeed, regarding his becoming human, the meaning has been fully explained. For when it was said to him, 'I am the Son of God,' they answered back, 'Blasphemer!'; the Father affirmed him, saying, 'This one alone is my genuine Son.' For the 'this' and the 'beloved' and the being named 'Son' with the article signify this: in this, he says, I was well-pleased that through his becoming human, salvation might be provided for you.
And if someone were to take 'I was well-pleased' regarding his divinity, their sophistry is invalidated; since not every word spoken by God, and especially regarding the Word of God, constitutes a meaning according to cosmic custom. Furthermore, if he had been speaking regarding the Son as already existing, 'in whom I was well-pleased,' the cause of his existence would not be found in the good pleasure.
So that it becomes clearer what is signified by such a word, let us use the witness of the one singing in Psalm 140: 'For the Lord is well-pleased with his people.' But the good pleasure did not come before the people, but with them. For then he is well-pleased in them and sends both peace and grace, when they worship him rightly; but when they do not worship rightly, the opposite is prophesied now: 'When he struck them down, then they sought him' (Psalm 52); and in Psalm 84: 'The strength of their arms did not save them, but your right hand and your arm and the light of your face, because you were well-pleased with them,' repeating 'the right hand and arm of God' and 'the light of his face' regarding the Son; and in Psalm 103: 'Remember us, Lord, in the good pleasure of your people.'
Regarding the saying: 'If the unbegotten God is wholly generative, he did not generate essentially' and that 'If his essence was changed into a generation, the essence of God is not immutable.' For them, this too is placed as being appropriate and full of errors in such words: 'If the unbegotten God is wholly generative, the one begotten did not come to be generated essentially, his whole essence having the capacity to generate, but not to be generated.'
But let them hear that 'if light is wholly generative, the radiance does not generate essentially, but receives from without, his whole essence having the capacity to generate, but not to be generated.' If, however, the light does not receive the radiance from without, but generates it from his whole essence without distinction,. Text ends abruptly..
God acquired the Son from without, but he begat him from the whole subsistence without distinction, as incorporeal. Therefore he is truly Father.
Again, they come, pursuing everywhere the opposite order of the Scripture: 'if the essence of God, having been transformed, is called a generation, his essence is not unchangeable, having worked the transformation into the property of the Son.' But no one even permits them to say this. For Scripture, having mentioned these things as belonging to others, opposes every heretic with great difficulty.
For if the light, having been transformed, becomes a radiance, the light is not unchangeable, having worked the transformation into the property of the radiance. But if the light has begotten a radiance not having been changed, remaining itself light and having the radiance naturally from it perfectly, and God remains unchangeably God, becoming Father of his own radiance, not having acquired it from without, but having begotten it perfectly from the essence.
Concerning those babbling that 'the essence of the Son is changed from the name of the Father.' Repeating the same things and even to the utmost distorting the beauty of the truth, they maliciously assert this also: of whom the names are different, it is necessary that their essences also be changed. For they say: 'the word Father does not signify the Son, nor does the name Son signify the Father's subsistence.'
Let them hear, first, that if the divine hypostases were revealed by any symbol, not using a suitable designation, would he not have signified both the Father and that he has a Son by using any symbol? Or, by naming the Son and the Spirit as designations, would he not have spoken of both the Son and the Spirit, and that the Son has a Father, and that the Spirit is the Spirit of God?
Another thing they say, that regarding the Holy Trinity—except for calling the Father the truly existing one, and calling the naturally begotten one the Only-begotten, and the Spirit of God being called exactly that which it is called, happening to be of the Father—all the other names he has made the same, such as God, Lord, Holy, Just, Good, Light, Life. But surely, regarding the blessed Trinity alone, whose names are the...
Greek · §6
9.40 καὶ μὴν πρὸς τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν αὐτοῦ ὅλον νένευκε τὸ νόημα. 9.41 ἐπειδὴ γὰρ λέγοντι αὐτῷ· «υἱὸς θεοῦ εἰμι» ἀντεφθέγγοντο· «βλασφημεῖς», ἐπεψηφίσατο αὐτῷ ὁ πατὴρ ὅτι «οὗτος μόνος ἐστὶν ὁ υἱός μου γνήσιος». 9.42 Τὸ γάρ «οὗτος» καὶ τό «ἀγαπητός» καὶ τὸ μετὰ ἄρθρου ὠνομάσθαι «υἱός» τοῦτο δηλοῖ· ἐν τούτῳ, φησίν, εὐδόκησα διὰ τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως αὐτοῦ τὴν σωτηρίαν ὑμῖν πορισθῆναι. 9.43 κἂν περὶ τῆς θεότητος δὲ ἐκλάβῃ τις τό «εὐδόκησα», τὸ σόφισμα αὐτῶν ἀκυροῦται· ἐπείπερ οὐ πᾶσα λέξις ῥηθεῖσα παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ μάλιστα περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου κοσμικοῦ ἔθους ἀποτελεῖ νόημα. 9.44 Ἔπειτα εἰ ἐπὶ τῷ ἤδη ὄντι υἱῷ ἔλεγεν· «ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα», οὐκ αἰτία ἡ εὐδοκία τῆς ὑπάρξεως αὐτοῦ εὑρίσκεται. 9.45 Ὥστε δὲ σαφέστερον τὸ ὑπὸ τῆς τοιαύτης λέξεως δηλούμενον γενέσθαι, μάρτυρι χρησώμεθα τῷ ψάλλοντι ἐν ρμθʹ ψαλμῷ· «ὅτι εὐδοκεῖ κύριος ἐν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ». 9.46 οὐ γέγονεν δὲ ἡ εὐδοκία πρὸ τοῦ λαοῦ, ἀλλὰ μετ' αὐτόν. 9.47 τότε γὰρ εὐδόκει ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ εἰρήνην καὶ χάριν ἔπεμπεν, ὅτε ὀρθῶς αὐτῷ ἐλάτρευεν· ὅτε δὲ μὴ ὀρθῶς, τοὐναντίον ἢ νῦν προφητεύει· «ὅταν ἀπέκτεννεν αὐτούς, τότε ἐξεζήτουν αὐτόν»· καὶ ἐν μγʹ ψαλμῷ· «ὁ βραχίων αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔσωσεν αὐτούς, ἀλλ' ἡ δεξιά σου καὶ ὁ βραχίων σου καὶ ὁ φωτισμὸς τοῦ προσώπου σου, ὅτι εὐδόκησας ἐν αὐτοῖς», «δεξιὰν καὶ βραχίονα τοῦ θεοῦ» καί «φωτισμὸν τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ» τὸν υἱὸν ἀνειπών· 9.48 καὶ ἐν ρεʹ ψαλμῷ· «μνήσθητι ἡμῶν, κύριε, ἐν τῇ εὐδοκίᾳ τοῦ λαοῦ σου». 10.ν Περὶ τοῦ λέγειν· «Εἰ ὅλος ἐστὶ γεννητικὸς ὁ ἀγέννητος θεός, οὐκ οὐσιωδῶς ἐγέννησεν» καὶ ὅτι «Εἰ μετεβλήθη ἡ οὐσία αὐτοῦ εἰς γέννημα, οὐκ ἀμετάβλητος ἡ οὐσία τοῦ θεοῦ». 10.1 Αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ εἰκαῖον καὶ πλημμελὲς λέξεσιν τοιαῖσδε τεθέν· 10.2 «εἰ ὅλος ἐστὶ γεννητικὸς ὁ ἀγέννητος θεός, οὐκ οὐσιωδῶς ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐγεννήθη, ὅλης ἐχούσης τῆς οὐσίας αὐτοῦ τὸ γεννᾶν, ἀλλ' οὐ τὸ γεννᾶσθαι.» 10.3 ἀλλ' ἀκουέτωσαν ὅτιπερ «εἰ ὅλον ἐστὶ γεννητικὸν τὸ φῶς, οὐκ οὐσιωδῶς τὸ ἀπαύγασμα γεννᾷ, ἀλλ' ἔξωθεν προσλαμβάνει, ὅλης ἐχούσης τῆς οὐσίας αὐτοῦ τὸ γεννᾶν, ἀλλ' οὐ τὸ γεννᾶσθαι». 10.4 εἰ δὲ τὸ φῶς οὐ προσλαμβάνει ἔξωθεν τὸ ἀπαύγασμα, ἀλλ' ἐκ πάσης τῆς οὐσίας αὐτὸ γεννᾷ ἀδιαστάτως, οὐδ' ὁ θεὸς ἐπεκτήσατο ἔξωθεν τὸν υἱόν, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ὑποστάσεως ἐγέννησεν ἀδιαστάτως, ἅτε ἀσώματος. ὅθεν ἀληθῶς ἐστι πατήρ. 10.5 Ἐπάγουσι πάλιν, πανταχοῦ τὴν ἐναντίαν τάξιν τῆς γραφῆς διώκοντες· «εἰ μετασχηματισθεῖσα ἡ οὐσία τοῦ θεοῦ γέννημα λέγεται, οὐκ ἀμετάβλητος ἡ οὐσία αὐτοῦ, τῆς μεταβολῆς ἐργασαμένης τὴν τοῦ υἱοῦ ἰδιοποίησιν.» 10.6 Ἀλλ' οὐδεὶς οὐδὲ τοῦτο συγχωρεῖ αὐτοῖς λέγειν. ἀλλότρια γὰρ εἶναι ταῦτα Χριστιανῶν ἡ μνημονευθεῖσα ἐλέγχει γραφή, παντὶ 6 αἱρετικῷ ἀντιβαίνουσα παγχαλέπῳ πάθει. 10.7 εἰ γὰρ μετασχηματισάμενον τὸ φῶς ἀπαύγασμα γίνεται, οὐκ ἀμετάβλητον τὸ φῶς, τῆς μεταβολῆς ἐργαζομένης τὴν τοῦ ἀπαυγάσματος ἰδιοποίησιν. 10.8 Εἰ δὲ οὐ μεταβληθὲν τὸ φῶς ἀπαύγασμα γεγέννηκεν, μεῖναν καὶ αὐτὸ φῶς καὶ ἔχον τὸ ἀπαύγασμα συμφύτως ἐξ αὐτοῦ τέλειον, καὶ ὁ θεὸς μένει ἀτρέπτως θεός, ἀπαυγάσματος ἰδίου τυγχάνων πατήρ, οὔκετι ἔξωθεν αὐτὸ προσλαβών, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας γεννήσας τέλειον. 11.ν Περὶ τῶν φλυαρούντων ὡς «ἐκ τῆς πατρὸς ὀνομασίας παρηλλαγμένη ἐστὶν ἡ οὐσία αὐτοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ». 11.1 Αὐτὰ περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἀνακυκλοῦντες καὶ ἕως τοῦ παντὸς παρασημαίνοντες τῆς ἀληθείας τὸ κάλλος, ἀφιλο̣θέως καὶ τοῦτο φάσκουσιν· 11.2 ὧν τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστι διάφορα, τούτων παρηλλάχθαι καὶ τὰς οὐσίας ἀνάγκη. 11.3 φησὶν γάρ· «ἡ πατὴρ λέξις οὐ σημαίνει τὴν υἱὸς οὐδ' αὖ υἱὸς ὀνομασία δηλοῖ τὴν πατρὸς ὑπόστασινʹ. 11.4 Ἀκουέτωσαν δέ, ἓν μέν, ὅτι, εἰ μὴ καταλλήλῳ προσηγορίᾳ πεφανέρωντο αἱ θεῖαι ὑποστάσεις, ποίῳ συμβόλῳ ἄν τις χρησάμενος, μὴ λέγων τὴν πατρὸς προσηγορίαν, ἐμήνυσεν αὐτόν τε τὸν πατέρα καὶ ὅτι υἱὸν ἔχει; ἢ μὴ ὀνομάζων τὴν υἱὸς καὶ πνεῦμα προσηγορίαν, προσεφώνησεν αὐτόν τε τὸν υἱὸν ἢ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ὅτι ὁ μὲν υἱὸς πατέρα ἔχει, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν πνεῦμα; 11.5 Ἕτερον δέ, ὅτι ἐπὶ τῆς ἁγίας τριάδος–πλὴν τοῦ πατέρα λέγεσθαι τὸν ἀληθῶς ὄντα τοῦτο, καὶ τοῦ μονογενῆ καλεῖσθαι τὸν φυσικῶς γεννηθέντα, καὶ τοῦ πνεῦμα θεοῦ προσαγορεύεσθαι τὸ ἀκριβῶς τοῦτο, ὃ κέκληται, τυγχάνον τοῦ πατρός–τἄλλα πάντα ὀνόματα καθέστηκεν τὰ αὐτά, ὡς τὸ θεός, κύριος, ἅγιος, δίκαιος, ἀγαθός, φῶς, ζωή. 11.6 Οὐκοῦν τοὐναντίον, ἐπὶ τῆς μακαρίας τριάδος μόνης, ὧν τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν τὰ
The Nature and Agency of the Word§7
7Regarding these, the essence has become one, so that that which is characterized by the similar follows the similar. By the true and eternal light, toward the true and eternal light, and by the truly missing...
"I am God, and there is no other besides me. A just and savior there is none besides me. Turn to me and you shall be saved, you who are from the uttermost parts of the earth. I am God, and there is no other. By myself I swear: righteousness shall proceed from my mouth, and my words shall not turn aside, for every knee shall bow to me and every tongue shall confess God" (Isa 45:22), which is to say, to know God or "to confess to God" (Isa 51:23). Therefore, God and Father is not before the Son, not by the unoriginate, not by the essence, not by the glory, but by equality, unless perhaps by the word of fatherhood. For regarding the words of the only-begotten Son, the divinely inspired Paul, writing to the Romans, clarified thus, having said: "For we shall all be presented at the judgment seat of Christ, just as it is written: 'I live, says the Lord, that every knee shall bow to me and every tongue shall confess to God'" (Rom 14:11).
Similarly, the theologian John said in the Gospel: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. This was in the beginning with God. All things came through him, and without him did not become one thing that has come into being. In him was life, and the life was the light of men. And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it" (John 1:1-5). And in the Revelation: "The one who is, and who was, and who is coming, the Lord our God, the Almighty" (Rev 1:8).
The "the one who is" signifies the eternally existing divine hypostasis, just as we have said elsewhere. For the expression is indefinite, whence God said "the one who is" as his own name. The "was in the beginning" makes pre-existence pre-existence and makes very clearly the absurdity and falsehood of "was when he was not." For the word "was" is absolute. But in the Roman style, the absolute consists of two words, it is interpreted: more than perfect. So now it is required to conceive him as supra-temporal or unoriginate. For if anyone were to say that the one who was not in the beginning, he was once an uncaused beginning. And again, how can time, which was not yet being, be a measure for the one who made it to be? "Was with God" presents that which has a Son.
Regarding God the Father, the indwelling of nature, and that from which he was—if it is proper to say so—the self-begotten Father, the Son from him co-exists with him.
The phrase 'was with God' (John 1:1) should be understood robustly, that according to God he was without beginning, unbegotten, uncontained, good, immortal, and all-ruling. For if he does not possess this regarding the overflowing wisdom, he will not possess it regarding the source from which the wisdom flows. But he possesses it regarding both. For the Word of John is manifest, certain, and unsearchable, looking only toward the divine. The phrase 'was God the Word' (John 1:1) establishes that the Word is of the essence, and that he is such a God as that Word is; and again, the uncaused. The phrase 'all things came through him, and without him nothing came into being' (John 1:3) demonstrates him, as has already been said, not merely as creator, but that he was not even created. For if not even one created thing received being apart from him, it is evident everywhere that he himself did not come into being, but was divinely begotten. For it is impossible for existence to reach from non-being to being through those things which have been granted essence and immortality by the whole and the rational. For nothing can make a created thing essential, or immortal, or rational; rather, from an essence produced from non-being by God, he creates the soulless and irrational, perhaps a statue or something else. But to cause non-essence to go forward or to reveal it as ensouled and rational is the unique and exceptional property of the one all-powerful and self-sufficient divine nature.
The Father made through him as light through an inherent radiance, and as mind through a word. The phrase 'in him was life' (John 1:4) discloses that he is without beginning, being the life of the one and highest nature, and in no way being the cause of all things from non-existing things. Therefore he also says, 'I am the life, I am the light' (John 14:6). He strives to honor the unbegotten by saying 'was' so many times, so that through the continuity of such a voice, he might either open the deaf ears of the heretics or leave no pretext regarding 'he was when he was not' in the coming universal and unshakeable judgment. The phrase 'and the life was the light of men' (John 1:4) teaches the same things again. For he says: this is...
Greek · §7
αὐτά, τούτων καὶ ἡ οὐσία μία καθέστηκεν· ἵν' ἀκολουθῇ τὸ ὑπὸ ὁμοίου ὅμοιον χαρακτηρίζεσθαι. 11.7 τῷ γὰρ ἀληθινῷ καὶ ἀϊδίῳ φωτί, πρὸς τὸ ἀληθινὸν καὶ ἀΐδιον φῶς, καὶ τῇ ὄντως .......... 15.1 «ἐγὼ ὁ θεός, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλος πλὴν ἐμοῦ. δίκαιος καὶ σωτὴρ οὐκ ἔστιν πάρεξ ἐμοῦ. ἐπιστράφητε πρός με καὶ σωθήσεσθε, οἱ ἀπ' ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς. ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεός, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλος. κατ' ἐμαυτοῦ ὀμνύω· ἦ μὴν ἐξελεύ σεται ἐκ τοῦ στόματός μου δικαιοσύνη καὶ οἱ λόγοι μου οὐκ ἀποστραφήσον ται, ὅτι ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ὀμιεῖται τὸν θεόν», ὅ ἐστιν ἐπιγνώσεται τὸν θεὸν ἤ «ἐξομολογήσεται τῷ θεῷ». 15.2 οὐκ ἔστιν οὖν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ υἱοῦ ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατήρ, οὐ τῷ ἀνάρχῳ, οὐ τῇ οὐσίᾳ, οὐ τῇ δόξῃ, ἀλλ' ἐπ' ἴσης, πλὴν εἰ μή που τῷ τῆς πατρότητος λόγῳ. 15.3 ὅτι γὰρ τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ τὰ ῥήματα, ὁ θεσπέσιος Παῦλος Ῥωμαίοις γράφων ἐσαφήνισεν οὕτως εἰπών· «πάντες γὰρ παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ καθὼς γέγραπται· «ζῶ ἐγώ, λέγει κύριος, ὅτι ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολο γήσεται τῷ θεῷ»». 15.4 Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ὁ θεολόγος Ἰωάννης ἐν μὲν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ εἶπεν· 15.4 «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος. οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν. πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἓν ὁ γέγονεν. ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων. καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλα βεν». 15.5 ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἀποκαλύψει· «ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὁ παντοκράτωρ». 15.6 Τό «ὁ ὤν» σημαίνει τὸ ἀεὶ ὂν τῆς θείας ὑποστάσεως καθὰ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ἔφαμεν. ἀόριστος γὰρ ἡ λέξις, ὅθεν ὄνομα ἑαυτοῦ ὁ θεὸς εἶπεν τό «ὁ ὤν». 15.7 Τό «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν» ποιεῖ προῦπτον καὶ σφόδρα γε συμφανὲς τὸ ἄτοπον καὶ φευκτὸν τοῦ «ἦν ὅτε οὐκ ἦν». ἡ γὰρ λέξις ἡ «ἦν» ἀπαρέμφατός ἐστιν. ῥωμαϊστὶ δὲ ἡ ἀπαρέμφατος ἐκ δύο λέξεων σύγκειται· πλῃσθῃαμπερφεξτῃς, ἑρμηνεύεται δέ· πλέον ἢ τέλειος. 15.8 ὥστε νῦν ἀπαιτεῖ νοηθῆναι ὑπεράχρονος ἢ ἄναρχος. τὸ γὰρ οὐκ ὢν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ εἴ τις ἂν εἴποι, ἀρχή ποτε ἀναίτιος οὐκ ἦν. καὶ πάλιν, ὁ μηδέπω ὢν χρόνος τοῦ ποιήσαντος αὐτὸν πῶς εἶναι μέτρον δύναται; 15.9 Τό «ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν» παριστᾷ, ἣν υἱὸς ἔχει πρὸς θεὸν πατέρα φύσεως οἰκειότητα, καὶ 7 τό–ἀφ' οὗ ἦν, εἰ θέμις οὕτως εἰπεῖν, ὁ αὐτογενὴς πατήρ–συνυπάρχειν αὐτῷ τὸν ἐξ αὐτοῦ υἱόν. 15.10 ἐρρωμένως δὲ νοηθείη ἂν τό «ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν», ὅτι κατὰ τὸν θεὸν ἦν ἄναρχος, ἀγένητος, ἀχώρητος, ἀγαθός, ἀθάνατος, παμβασιλεύς. εἰ γὰρ μὴ οὕτως ἔχει ἐπὶ τῆς βρυθείσης σοφίας ταύτης, οὐχ ἕξει οὐδ' ἐπὶ τῆς πηγῆς τῆς βρυσάσης τὴν σοφίαν. ἔχει δὲ οὕτως ἐπ' ἀμφοῖν. 15.11 ἐπιφανὴς γὰρ καὶ βέβαιος καὶ ἀπερίεργος καὶ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον ὁρῶν μόνον ὁ σκοπὸς καὶ ὁ θεοπαράδοτος λόγος τοῦ Ἰωάννου. 15.12 Τό «θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος» συνιστᾷ τὸ οὐσιώδη εἶναι τὸν λόγον καὶ θεὸν εἶναι οἷός ἐστιν θεὸς ἐκεῖνος οὗ λόγος ἐστίν· καὶ αὖθις τὸ ἀναίτιον. 15.13 Τό «πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν» ἀποφαίνει αὐτόν, ὡς ἤδη ἐλέχθη, μονονουχὶ δημιουργόν, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ οὐκ ἐκτίσθη. 15.14 εἰ γὰρ μηδὲ ἓν κτιστὸν χωρὶς αὐτοῦ τὸ εἶναι ἐδέξατο, παντί που δῆλον ὡς αὐτὸς οὐκ ἐγένετο, ἀλλ' ἐγεννήθη θεϊκῶς. καὶ γὰρ ἀμήχανον ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἥκειν τὸν ὕπαρξιν τοῖς ὅλοις καὶ τοῖς λογικοῖς οὐσίωσιν καὶ ἀθανασίαν δεδωκότα. οὐδὲν γὰρ κτιστὸν οὐσιοῦν ἢ ἀπαθανατοῦν ἢ λογικοὺς ποιεῖν δύναται· ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς ἤδη παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων παραχθείσης οὐσίας χρυσοῦ ἢ ἀργύρου ἢ χαλκοῦ ἢ σιδήρου ἢ ξύλου ἢ λίθου δημιουργοῖ ἄψυχον καὶ ἄλογον, ἀνδριάντα τυχὸν ἤ τι ἕτερον· 15.15 αὐτὸ δέ, οὐσίαν μὴ οὖσαν προοῖσαι ἢ ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικὴν ἀναδεῖξαι μόνης τῆς πανδυνάμου καὶ αὐτοτελοῦς μιᾶς θεϊκῆς φύσεως ἴδιον καὶ ἐξαίρετον τυγχάνει ὄν. 15.16 ἐποίησεν δὲ δι' αὐτοῦ ὁ πατὴρ ὡς φῶς δι' οἰκείου ἀπαυγάσματος καὶ ὡς νοῦς διὰ λόγου. 15.17 Τό «ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν» ἐπεκδιδάσκει ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ἀνάρχως, ἡ ζωὴ τῆς μιᾶς καὶ ἀνωτάτω φύσεως ὑπάρχων, καὶ μηδαμῶς ὄντων πάντων αἴτιος ὢν τῶν ὄντων. διὸ καὶ αὐτός φησιν· «ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ζωή, ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς». 15.18 φιλοτιμεῖται δὲ τῷ ἀνάρχῳ τὰς μαρτυρίας τοσαυτάκις εἰπὼν τό «ἦν», ἵνα τῇ συνεχείᾳ τῆς τοιαύτης φωνῆς ἢ αἱρετικῶν τὰς κωφὰς ἀκοὰς διανοίξῃ ἢ μηδὲν περὶ τοῦ «ἦν ὅτε οὐκ ἦν» ἐν τῇ μελλούσῃ καθολικῇ καὶ ἀπαρεγκλίτῳ διαγνώσει πρόφασις ὑπολειφθείη. 15.19 Τό «καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων» ἐκπαιδεύει αὖθις τὰ αὐτά. φησὶν γάρ· αὕτη ἡ
The Son as Pantokrator§8
8Unbegotten life is the essence of the created nature of humanity..
saying, 'and the light shines in the darkness and the darkness did not overcome it' (John 1:5), does not admit the opinions of the heretics. For it declares both secretly and very sharply—as if anyone had perceived a prior time or an untimely moment or an eternal age—that it shines eternally as an inseparable radiance of God, and never did the darkness of non-existence overcome it.
15.21 The 'Almighty' (Rev 1:8) requires no interpretation. For it shows that he has an undivided kingdom toward God the Father and His Holy Spirit, and that he is 'God over all' (Ps 86:8).
15.22 The 'one coming' (2 Thess 2:8) signifies the Son who is about to come a second time and 'to judge the living and the dead' (Acts 10:42).
15.23 Thus the Baptist John also establishes that since 'the One Who Is' (Exod 3:14) is said concerning the Son, he declares to the Lord: 'You are' instead of 'that one who is', whom I myself, being in the desert of the wilderness and through the fluttering, having recognized as being in the Virgin the God, worshipped, 'or are we waiting for another?'.
15.24 And in the first epistle, John the friend and apostle of the Lord writes: 'That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon and our hands have touched, concerning the Word of life—and the life was manifested, and we have seen and testify and announce to you the eternal life, which was with the Father and was manifested to us—that which we have seen and heard, we announce to you also, so that you also may have fellowship with us. And our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son Jesus Christ' (1 John 1:1-3).
15.25 Attend again to the multitude of the 'was', and how those not confessing according to nature that he is the Son co-ruling with God do not have the fellowship of salvation with the Father or the Only-Begotten.
15.26 For toward this faith delivered to us in the mystagogy of the illumination by the Lord of all is the fellowship which Peter wrote: 'that you might become partakers of the divine nature' (2 Pet 1:4). For the creature, being under time, is not a divine nature.
15.27 And remember in these things that since he said 'our fellowship' 'with the Father and with His Son', he spoke in equal terms, and not 'through His Son'.
15.28 And Amos
And the prophet, prophesying 'Pantokrator', names the Son similarly, saying: 'He who builds up his ascent into heaven and lays the foundation of his promise upon the earth, the one calling the water of the sea and pouring it upon the face of all the earth, Lord, God, Pantokrator, let that be his name.'
David also sings concerning an ascent: 'God has ascended in shouts of joy, the Lord in the sound of a trumpet' (Ps 47:5). Both these things are about the Son. For the Father neither descended nor ascended, as the apostle interprets, writing thus: 'And what is this "ascended", if not that he also descended first? He is the one who descended and the one who ascended above all the heavens, in order to fill all things,' as he says that, having ascended above all, he is also carrying all things above, together with the Father who begot him, who is unbegotten.
For this is manifest to one having understood, from which even the noetic powers differ, since they are found to be measured creatures in heaven, but not above the heavens, nor are they able to fill all things. And Wisdom similarly proclaims him 'Pantokrator', saying: 'This will act against them instead of their insolence, because they mocked and magnified themselves against the Lord the Pantokrator. The Lord will appear upon them, and the Lord will destroy all the gods of the nations of the earth, and each will prostrate himself from his place' (Wisdom).
And Malachi likewise speaks from the face of the Master: 'For from the rising of the sun and to its setting my name shall be glorified among the nations, and in every place incense is offered to my name and a pure sacrifice. For great is my name among the nations, says the Lord Pantokrator. But you profane it' (Mal 1:11). For the memory of both the appearance and of being glorified among the nations shows the Son, whose name the Jews profane along with the worshipers of creatures. And this very sequence intends for him to be Pantokrator, since he is the icon and the only-begotten, having been endowed with Pantokrator, and in this also he is to be understood as the icon of the Pantokrator.
And Paul writes to the Hebrews: 'Who, being the radiance of the glory of the Father' (Heb 1:3), that is, co-ruler and consubstantial. For so that the incomparable might be shown somewhat through a parable, even if thus much it might be received into the mind, which is above the mind,
Greek · §8
ἀγένητος ζωὴ σύστασις τῆς γενητῆς ἀνθρώπων φύσεως ὑπάρχει. 15.20 Τό «καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν» οὐκ ἀνέχεται τῶν αἱρετικῶν δοξασμάτων. οὐ κρυφίως γὰρ καὶ ἄγαν δριμέως δηλοῖ, ὡς ὅνπερ ἄν τις προχρόνιον χρόνον ἢ ἀκαιριαίαν ῥοπὴν ἢ προαιώνιον αἰῶνα ὑπολάβῃ, φαίνει ἀϊδίως ὡς ἀχώριστον ἀπαύγασμα τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ οὔποτε σκοτία ἀνυπαρξίας αὐτὸ κατέλαβεν. 15.21 Τό «ὁ παντοκράτωρ» οὐδὲ ἑρμηνείας δεῖται. δείκνυσι γὰρ ἀδιαίρετον ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ εἶναι «ἐπὶ πάντων θεόν». 15.22 Τό «ὁ ἐρχόμενος» τὸν υἱὸν δηλοῖ μέλλοντα ἔρχεσθαι τὸ δεύτερον καὶ «κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς». 15.23 Συνιστῶν τοίνυν καὶ ὁ βαπτιστὴς Ἰωάννης, ὅτι τό «ὁ ὤν» περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ εἴρηται, δηλοῖ τῷ δεσπότῃ· «σὺ εἶ» ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐκεῖνος ὁ ὤν, ὃν καὶ ἐν τῇ μήτρᾳ σε ὄντα τῆς παρθένου θεὸν ἐπιγνοὺς αὐτὸς ἐγὼ ἐν τῇ νηδύϊ τῆς στείρας ὢν διὰ τῆς σκιρτήσεως προσεκύνησα «ἢ ἕτερον προσδοκῶμεν;» 15.24 Καὶ ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ δὲ ἐπιστολῇ Ἰωάννης ὁ φίλος καὶ ἀπόστολος τοῦ κυρίου γράφει· «ὃ ἦν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, ὃ ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, ὃ ἐθεασάμεθα καὶ αἱ χεῖρες ἡμῶν ἐψηλάφησαν, περὶ τοῦ λόγου τῆς ζωῆς–καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἐφανερώθη, καὶ ἑωράκαμεν καὶ μαρτυροῦμεν καὶ ἀπαγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν τὴν ζωὴν τὴν αἰώνιον, ἥτις ἦν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα καὶ ἐφανερώθη ἡμῖν–ὃ ἑωράκαμεν καὶ ἀκηκόαμεν, ἀπαγγέλλομεν καὶ ὑμῖν, ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς κοινωνίαν ἔχητε μεθ' ἡμῶν. καὶ ἡ κοινωνία δὲ ἡ ἡμετέρα μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ». 15.25 Πρόσχες καὶ αὖθις τῷ πλήθει τοῦ «ἦν», καὶ ὡς κοινωνίαν σωτηρίας οὐκ ἔχουσιν μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἢ τοῦ μονογενοῦς οἱ μὴ ὁμολογοῦντες κατὰ φύσιν υἱὸν εἶναι αὐτὸν συνάναρχον τοῦ θεοῦ. 15.26 πρὸς ταύτην γὰρ ἡμῖν τὴν πίστιν τὴν 8 παραδοθεῖσαν ἐν τῇ μυσταγωγίᾳ τοῦ φωτίσματος παρὰ τοῦ πάντων δεσπότου ἐστὶν ἡ κοινωνία ἣν Πέτρος ἔγραψεν· «ἵνα γένησθε θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως». τὸ γὰρ κτίσμα καὶ ὑπὸ χρόνον ὂν οὐ θεία φύσις ἐστίν. 15.27 Μέμνησο δὲ πρὸς τούτοις, ὅτιπερ «τὴν κοινωνίαν ἡμῶν» εἶπεν «μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ», ἰσοτίμως, καὶ οὐχί «διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ». 15.28 Καὶ ὁ Ἀμὼς δὲ προφητεύων «παντοκράτορα» ὁμοίως τὸν υἱὸν ὀνομάζει οὕτω που λέγων· «ὁ οἰκοδομῶν εἰς οὐρανὸν τὴν ἀνάβασιν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ γῆς θεμελιῶν, ὁ προσκαλούμενος τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ ἐκχέων αὐτὸ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς, κύριος, ὁ θεός, ὁ παντοκράτωρ ὄνομα αὐτῷ». 15.29 Περὶ ἦς ἀναβάσεως ψάλλει καὶ ∆αυΐδ· «ἀνέβη ὁ θεὸς ἐν ἀλαλαγμῷ, κύριος ἐν φωνῇ σάλπιγγος». 15.30 Ἄμφω ταῦτα περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ. ὁ γὰρ πατὴρ οὔτε κατέβη οὔτε ἀνέβη, ὡς ὁ ἀπόστολος ἑρμηνεύει γράφων ὧδε· «τὸ δὲ «ἀνέβη» τί ἐστιν, εἰ μὴ ὅτι καὶ κατέβη πρῶτον; ὁ καταβὰς αὐτός ἐστιν καὶ ὁ ἀναβὰς ὑπεράνω πάντων τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἵνα πληρώσῃ τὰ πάντα» ὡς πάντων φησὶν ὑπερανεστηκὼς καὶ ὑπερφέρων ὁμοῦ τῷ τεκόντι πατρί, ἅτε ἀγένητος. 15.31 φανερὸς γάρ ἐστι τοῦτο νοήσας, ἀφ' ὧν καὶ αἱ νοεραὶ δυνάμεις, ἐπειδὴ κτίσματα μεμετρημένα τυγχάνουσιν οὖσαι ἐν οὐρανῷ, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὑπεράνω τῶν οὐρανῶν, οὐδὲ πληροῦσαι τὰ πάντα εἰσίν. 15.32 Καὶ Σοφωνίας «παντοκράτορα» ὡσαύτως ἀναγορεύει αὐτὸν λέγων· «αὕτη αὐτοῖς ἀντὶ τῆς ὕβρεως αὐτῶν, διότι ὠνείδισαν καὶ ἐμεγαλύνθησαν ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον τὸν παντοκράτορα. ἐπιφανήσεται κύριος ἐπ' αὐτούς, καὶ ἐξολο θρεύσει κύριος πάντας τοὺς θεοὺς τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς, καὶ προκυνήσουσιν ἕκαστος ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ». 15.33 Καὶ Μαλαχίας ἑπομένως ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ δεσπότου φάσκει· «διότι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου καὶ ἕως δυσμῶν δεδόξασταί μου τὸ ὄνομα ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ θυμίαμα προσάγεται τῷ ὀνοματί μου καὶ θυσία καθαρά. διότι μέγα τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ. ὑμεῖς δὲ βεβηλοῦτε αὐτό». 15.34 Ἡ γὰρ μνήμη τῆς τε ἐπιφανείας καὶ τοῦ δοξάζεσθαι ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, τὸν υἱὸν σημαίνεσθαι δείκνυσιν, οὗ τὸ ὄνομα βεβηλοῦσιν Ἰουδαῖοι σὺν τοῖς κτισματολάτραις. καὶ αὐτὴ δὲ ἡ ἀκολουθία παντοκράτορα αὐτὸν εἶναι βούλεται, καθὸ εἰκὼν καὶ μονογενὴς παντοκράτορος κεχρεωστημένος τὸ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ εἰκὼν νοεῖσθαι τοῦ παντοκράτορος. 15.35 Καὶ Παῦλος δὲ Ἑβραίοις γράφει· «ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης τοῦ πατρός», τοῦτ' ἔστιν συνάναρχος καὶ ὁμοούσιος. ἵνα γὰρ τὰ ἀπαράβλητα παραβολικῶς πως παραδειχθείη, εἰ κἂν οὕτω ποσῶς εἰς νοῦν δεχθείη τὸ ὑπὲρ νοῦν,
The Eternal Nature of the Son§9
9I will say—the great and only great thing compared by a small thing—as at once from the sun and from the nature of the sun, and from the whole disk, indivisibly and without separation and equally, the whole light is co-manifested and co-operates and co-provides heat to those receptive of sensation. And the light of the pre-existing essence, being immediately and not later poured out and co-proceeding and co-woven, manifests its quality entirely within itself.
15.36 But, regarding those words, 'there was when there was not' the radiance, where is the radiance-emitting subsistence of the light? For it must have certainly slid along with that. And indeed Daniel, prophesying, said: 'and light was with him' (Dan 4:35) instead of 'the Son with the Father'. 15.37 For this most demonstrates the unmixed and great nature of the divinity, that the Father begat it co-beginning and co-existing, and at once perfect and unchangeable and impassible.
15.38 For it is a property of a creature and not of a Creator, turnable and not unchangeable, under judgment and not unjudgeable, being made alive and not making alive, under sin and not of God, not to be thus begotten and born. 15.39 For if he himself, before any other energy having become, 'made the ages' (Ps 102:25), which are composed of times, and laid a beginning to all things, and nothing can be understood before the ages and aeons except the incomprehensible and truly only first and primordial nature, which alone exists, being without ties to another, how is it not believed that he is begotten without beginning from the subsistence of the Father and not from energy, since he is the only one being without beginning and eternal and having no ties to another?
15.40 For time not defining, there is not before and after, but he who is not under time is without beginning, and he who is without beginning is uncreated. 15.41 For just as there is no time ungenerated, so also no creation is timeless, but time has a measure; for with it also time has come to be. And appropriately all things are measured from the Creator as second things, but he himself is measured by nothing, since...
Indeed, the God who is without beginning and is by nature. 15.42 The same things are considered regarding the Holy Spirit. For it has not been written 'he proceeded', but 'he proceeds'. How can life itself be made life-giving, or the true light be made light-giving? 15.43 Thus the divine light and 'eternal life' (John 1:4) were always, and the truthful and great God calls himself so. 15.44 It is impossible that the Father did not possess that which Paul testifies the same Only-begotten possesses: 'a radiance of glory and a character of substance and an icon of goodness and power and wisdom and justice of God' (Hebrews 1:3), rather, what was not fitting to say, he later took on in a certain way. 15.45 For if he had possessed them, he would have always been the Only-begotten being these things. 15.46 For neither the one being these things outside of God, nor God without his being, can ever be conceived of these things. But the Only-begotten possesses these, not as a possession or an attribute, but essentially, as has been said before. 15.47 If even at the beginning of the cosmogony the first trees stood together with their fruits—and it is nothing paradoxical, if the fruit grew together with the root—how is it impossible that the fruitful Father, from the beginning, was not without his own Son, and immediately burst forth with the radiance from the glory of his substance? 15.48 Just as his downward birth through incarnation is not compared to any other birth—for from a virgin it is incomparable, being without a man, which our nature does not have—so also the upward birth exists as incomprehensible, surpassing every other birth and transforming all. And it is not necessary to disbelieve, nor is it safe for us to seek or to explain the manner, those unable to say how a virgin gave birth remaining a virgin, nor to know our own birth. 15.49 For where even the one according to us we know, we do not by all means know the one of God, which, being incomprehensible with heavenly powers, turns out to be so. 15.50 Therefore, with astonishment the prophet says concerning the downward birth: 'and he is a man and who...'
The text ends abruptly mid-sentence.
Greek · §9
ἐρῶ– τὸ μέγα καὶ μόνον μέγα μικρῷ συμβάλλων–ὡς ἅμα τε ἥλιος, ἅμα ἐξ ἡλίου φύσεως καὶ ἐξ ὅλου τοῦ δίσκου ἀμερίστως καὶ ἀδιαστάτως καὶ ἰσομέτρως ὅλον τὸ φῶς συνεκφαίνεται καὶ συνενεργεῖ καὶ συμπαρέχει τὴν θέρμην τοῖς αἰσθήσεως δεκτικοῖς. καὶ τῆς τοῦ προέντος οὐσίας τὸ ἀμέσως καὶ οὐχ ὕστερον προχεόμενον καὶ συμπροϊὸν καὶ συνυφιστάμενον φῶς ὅλην ἐν ἑαυτῷ διεκφαίνει τὴν ποιότητα. 15.36 Εἰ δέ, πρὸς τὸ εἶκον ἐκείνοις, «ἦν ὅτε οὐκ ἦν» τὸ ἀπαύγασμα, ποῦ ἡ ἀπαυγάζουσα αὐτὸ ὑπόστασις τοῦ φωτός; συνδιολισθήσει γάρ που πάντως ἐκείνῳ τοῦτο. καὶ μὴν καὶ ∆ανιὴλ προφητεύων εἶπεν· «καὶ φῶς μετ' αὐτοῦ ἦν» ἀντὶ τοῦ «ὁ υἱὸς μετὰ τοῦ πατρός». 15.37 Τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα δείκνυσιν τὸ ἀσυνείκαστον καὶ μέγα τῆς θεότητος, ὅτι συνάναρχον αὐτοῦ καὶ σύναρχον ὁμοῦ δὲ καὶ τέλειον καὶ ἀπαράλλακτον ἀπαθῶς ἐγέννησεν ὁ πατήρ. 15.38 κτίσματος γὰρ ἴδιον καὶ οὐ κτίστου, τρεπτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἀτρέπτου, ὑπὸ κρίσιν καὶ οὐ κριτοῦ, ζωοποιουμένου καὶ οὐ ζωοποιοῦντος, ὑπὸ ἁμαρτίαν καὶ οὐ θεοῦ τὸ μὴ οὕτως γεννῆσαι καὶ γεννηθῆναι. 15.39 εἰ γὰρ αὐτός, οὔπω ἐνεργείας ἄλλης οὐδεμιᾶς γενομένης, «ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας», οἱ ἐκ τῶν χρόνων ἀποτελοῦνται, καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ἀρχὴν ἐπέθηκεν, οὐδὲν δὲ πρὸ τῶν χρόνων καὶ αἰώνων νοεῖσθαι δύναται εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀκατάληπτος καὶ ἀληθῶς μόνη πρωτίστη καὶ πρωτουργὸς φύσις ἡ μόνως οὖσα ἄναρχος καὶ αἰώνιος καὶ 9 ὕφεσιν πρὸς ἑτέραν οὐκ ἔχουσα, πῶς οὐκ ἀνάρχως ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως γεννηθῆναι πιστεύεται τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τῆς ἐνεργείας; 15.40 χρόνου γὰρ οὐ διορίζοντος οὐκ ἔστιν πρότερον καὶ ὕστερον, ἀλλ' ὁ μὴ ὢν ὑπὸ χρόνον ἄναρχός ἐστιν, ὁ δὲ ἄναρχος ἄκτιστος. 15.41 ὥσπερ γὰρ οὐκ ἔστι χρόνος ἀγένητος, οὕτως οὐδὲ κτίσις ἄχρονος, ἀλλ' ἔχει μέτρον τὸν χρόνον· σὺν αὐτῇ γὰρ καὶ ὁ χρόνος γέγονεν. καὶ εἰκότως πάντα μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ μετρεῖται ὡς δεύτερα, αὐτὸς δὲ ὑπ' οὐδενός, ἐπειδὴ ἄναρχος καὶ φύσει θεός. 15.42 Τὰ δὲ ἴσα θεωρεῖται καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. οὐ γὰρ γέγραπταί ποτε «ἐξεπορεύθη», ἀλλ' «ἐκπορεύεται». πῶς δὲ αὐτὴ ἡ ζωὴ ζωοποιεῖται ἢ τὸ ἀληθινὸν φῶς φωτίζεται; 15.43 Ἦν δὲ ἄρα τό τε θεῖον φῶς καί «ζωὴ αἰώνιος» ἀεί, καὶ αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν λέγει ὁ ἀψευδὴς καὶ μέγας θεός. 15.44 οὐ μὴ ἦν ὅτε «ἀπαύγασμα δόξης καὶ χαρακτῆρα ὑποστάσεως καὶ εἰκόνα ἀγαθότητος καὶ δύναμιν καὶ σοφίαν καὶ δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ» ἃ ὑπάρχειν τὸν αὐτὸν μονογενῆ Παῦλος μαρτυρεῖ οὐκ εἶχεν ὁ πατήρ, ἀλλ', ὃ μὴ προσῆκεν εἰπεῖν, ὕστερον ὁτιοῦν προσέλαβεν. 15.45 εἰ δὲ εἶχεν, ἦν ἀεὶ ὁ ταῦτα ὢν μονογενής. 15.46 οὔτε γὰρ ὁ ταῦτα ὢν ἐκτὸς τοῦ θεοῦ οὔτε ὁ θεὸς χωρὶς τοῦ ὄντος αὐτοῦ ταῦτά ποτε νοηθῆναι δύναται. ταῦτα δὲ ὑπάρχει ὁ μονογενής, οὐ καθάπερ ἕξις ἢ ἐπιτηδειότης, ἀλλ' οὐσιωδῶς, καθὰ προείρηται. 15.47 Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ τῆς κοσμογονίας τὰ πρῶτα δένδρα σὺν τοῖς ἐξ αὐτῶν καρποῖς συνυπέστη–καὶ παράδοξον οὐδέν, εἰ σὺν τῇ ῥίζῃ ὁ καρπὸς συνανέτειλεν–, πῶς ἀμήχανον κατ' ἀρχὰς τὸν εὐμήχανον πατέρα μὴ ἔγκαρπον γεγενῆσθαι τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκ τῆς δόξης τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ συνεκλάμψαι τὸ ἀπαύγασμα; 15.48 καθὰ οὖν αὐτοῦ ἡ τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως κάτω γέννησις ἑτέρᾳ γεννήσει οὐ συγκρίνεται–ἐκ παρθένου γὰρ ἄρευστος, ἀπήμαντος, ὅπερ ἡ φύσις ἡμῶν οὐκ ἔχει–, οὕτω καὶ ἡ ἄνω γέννησις ἀκατάληπτος ὑπὲρ τὸ πλέον καὶ πᾶσαν ἐξαλλάττουσα γέννησιν ὑπάρχει. καὶ οὔτε ἀπιστεῖν χρὴ οὔτε μὴν ζητεῖν ἢ ἐξηγεῖσθαι τὸν τρόπον ἡμῖν ἀσφαλὲς τοῖς εἰπεῖν μὴ δυναμένοις, πῶς παρθένος ἔτεκεν μείνασα παρθένος μήτε δὲ τὴν ἰδίαν ἡμῶν γέννησιν ἐπισταμένοις. 15.49 ὅπου γε καὶ τὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς εἰ ἐγινώσκομεν, οὐ πάντως καὶ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ, ἥτις καὶ ταῖς ἐπουρανίοις δυνάμεσιν ἀκατάληπτος οὖσα τυγχάνει. 15.50 ∆ιὸ σὺν ἐκπλήξει ὁ προφήτης φησὶν περὶ μὲν τῆς κάτω γεννήσεως· «καὶ ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν καὶ τίς
The Unity of the Divine Hypostases§10
10Will anyone know Him? Instead of 'no one'. Regarding the divine: 'Who will explain His generation, since His life is taken from the earth?' The generation is the begetting, the life is existence, and the phrase 'taken from the earth' is a most mystical way of calling Him one who transcends immeasurably from the earth and surpasses every mind.
For because He has become everything to all, He is one whom anyone, having circled much with the intellect through all time, finds to be infinitely highest, incomparably better in quantity than all, unsearchable in essence, and everywhere inaccessible—having enveloped Himself and having nothing of Himself outside. Even the multitude of angels and the whole host of heavenly ranks cry out in this way: David in Psalm 18 says, 'He set darkness as His secret covering and His tabernacle around Him'; and Habakkuk says, 'His excellence covered the heavens'; and Matthew says, 'no one knows the Son except the Father, nor does anyone know the Father except the Son' (Matt 11:27).
For that which is born of creation through the union of one with another is not of the same nature as the begetter, nor does it emerge immediately and impassively perfect. Regarding divinity, the same applies. Since creation is such, the creator is the opposite of His own works, not similar to them, as only the blessed Trinity knows this.
For if He were not incomprehensible, He would be grasped; nor a mystery, if He were known; nor divine, if He could be reached; nor the creator of all, if He were from time; nor uncomposed and undivided, if He were in relation to bodies.
Just as those hearing about the Father say, 'You are from age to age' (Ps 90:2) and 'Your truth is unto the clouds' (Ps 36:9), we do not set limits upon Him, but believe in His eternity; for the age does not dwell with Him. We ought to think the same regarding the Son and the Holy Spirit, because of the one prevailing nature into which these blessed hypostases exist.
The same melody applies to the Son: 'You are the same, and your years will not fail' (Ps 102:27). And although what is written of the Father is small, 'who is from the ages' (Heb 1:12), what is said of His Son is not small, that He is 'the eternal God'. It is clear He is unsearchable, as will be shown shortly. And just as the Father...
Not merely 'immortality', but rather He is immortality itself; in this same way the Son is 'eternal life', and is the very same thing. Just as the Father is said to be 'one God', so the Son is called monogenes, God, Word, and 'one Lord Jesus Christ'.
And just as James writes concerning Him, 'there is one lawgiver and judge, able alone to save' (James 2:19), so the Spirit, according to the hymns written by Paul to the Corinthians and Ephesians, is called 'one' and 'the same' and 'only'; so that by this numerical expression, as it is said, these blessed hypostases demonstrate the single or unique nature of the Father's deity. And if 'the God and Lord' is true of the Father, it is without falsehood also of His Son and of the Spirit.
For as we have often recalled, the older Testament, having preserved equal value, has spoken: 'The Lord said to my Lord' (Psalm 110:1), and 'The Lord rained down from the Lord', and 'God made man in the image of God' (Genesis 1:26), and 'Who is a God beside the Lord, and who is a God besides our God?'. And in the New Testament, John said what has already been said; Thomas said, 'My Lord and my God' (John 20:28); and Paul said, 'the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty' (2 Corinthians 3:17), and again, 'as from the Lord Spirit' and 'may the Lord find grace for Onesiphorus's house'. And Job said: 'A divine spirit made me', and 'a divine spirit surrounds me with rays'.
It is the same in Scripture to say 'divine' or 'God', as Paul teaches the Romans: 'His eternal power and deity' (Romans 1:20); and the Acts say: 'we ought not to suppose that the divine is like gold or silver or stone, or an artifice of human thought' (Acts 17:29); and Peter in the second epistle: 'that you might become partakers of the divine nature' (2 Peter 1:4).
And in whatever way the Father is incomprehensible, so also the riches of the Christ, according to Paul, turn out to be unsearchable. For he says: 'To me, the least of all men, this grace was given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ' (Ephesians 3:8). But also 'there is no end to His greatness' and neither 'is there a number to His wisdom' according to David, nor 'a limit to His peace' according to Isaiah.
Greek · §10
γνώσεται αὐτόν;» ἀντὶ τοῦ οὐδείς. 15.51 περὶ δὲ τῆς ἄνω· «τὴν δὲ γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς ἐξηγήσεται, ὅτι αἴρεται ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ;» τὴν γέννησιν γενεάν, τὴν ὕπαρξιν ζωήν, τὸ ὑπερεξεπῆρθαι ἀμέτρως ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ ὑπερφέρειν παντὸς νοῦ «αἴρεται ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς» καλέσας μυστικώτατα. 15.52 ὅτι γὰρ παντὸς χρόνου, ὃν ἂν νοήσῃ τις πολλὰ κυκλεύσας τῇ διανοίᾳ, ἀπεράντως ἀνώτατος καὶ ποσότητος πάσης ἀσυγκρίτως ἀμείνων καὶ τὴν οὐσίαν ἀπερινόητος καὶ πάντοθεν ἄποπτος εἰς ἅπαν καθέστηκεν–αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν περιβαλὼν καὶ οὐδὲν ἑαυτοῦ ἔξωθεν ἔχων–, καὶ παραχωρεῖ τῷ τοσούτῳ αὐτοῦ ἀκαταλήπτῳ καὶ ἡ ἀγγέλων πληθύς, καὶ πᾶς οὐρανίων ταγμάτων δῆμος ἐκβοῶσιν ὡδί· ὁ μὲν ∆αυῒδ ἐν ιζʹ ψαλμῷ· «ἔθετο σκότος ἀποκρυφὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ ἡ σκηνὴ αὐτοῦ», ἡ δὲ ᾠδὴ Ἀμβακούμ· «ἐκάλυψεν οὐρανοὺς ἡ ἀρετὴ αὐτοῦ», 15.53 ὁ δὲ Ματθαῖος «οὐδείς» φησίν «γινώσκει τὸν υἱόν, εἰ μὴ ὁ πατήρ, οὐδὲ τὸν πατέρα τις ἐπιγι νώσκει, εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱός». 15.54 Τὸ μὲν γὰρ τεχθὲν παρὰ τῆς κτίσεως κατὰ κοινωνίαν ἄλλου πρὸς ἄλλο γεγέννηται καὶ οὐ συμφυὲς τῷ γεννήσαντι, οὐδὲ τέλειον εὐθὺς καὶ ἀπαθῶς ἐξελήλυθεν· 15.55 ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς θεότητος τὸ ἔμπαλιν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡ κτίσις τοιῶσδε, ὁ γενεσιουργὸς ἐναντίως καὶ οὐχ ὁμοίως τῶν ἰδίων ποιημάτων, ἀλλ' ὡς οἶδεν ταῦτα μόνη ἡ μακαρία τριάς. 15.56 οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀκατάληπτος, εἰ κατελαμβάνετο, οὐδὲ μυστήριον, εἰ ἐγινώσκετο, οὐδὲ θεῖον, εἰ ἐχωρεῖτο, οὐδὲ δημιουργὸς πάντων, εἰ ἀπὸ χρόνου, οὐδὲ ἀσύνθετος καὶ ἀμερής, εἰ πρὸς τὰ σώματα. 15.57 καθάπερ γὰρ 10 ἀκούοντες περὶ τοῦ πατρός «ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος σὺ εἶ» καί «ἕως τῶν νεφελῶν ἡ ἀλήθεια αὐτοῦ» οὐχ ὅρους τιθέαμεν αὐτῷ, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀΐδιον πιστεύομεν· οὐ γὰρ ὁμῆλιξ αὐτῷ ὁ αἰών, ὡσαύτως περί τε τοῦ υἱοῦ καῖ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος φρονεῖν ὀφείλομεν, ἐπὶ γὰρ τῆς πάντων ἐπικρατούσης μιᾶς φύσεως, εἰς ἣν αὗται αἱ πάντιμοι ὑποστάσεις. 15.58 τὰ ἴσα μελῳδεῖ καὶ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ· «σὺ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σοῦ οὐκ ἐκ λείψουσιν». καὶ εἰ μὴ μικρὸν τὸ περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς γεγράφθαι «ὁ ὑπάρχων πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων», οὐ μικρὸν οὐδὲ τὸ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ χρησμῳδηθέν, ὅτι «προαιώνιος θεός». δῆλον δ' ὡς ἀπερινόητος, καθὰ δειχθήσεται οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον. καὶ καθὰ ὁ πατήρ «ἔχει ἀθανασίαν», μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ ἀθανασία, οὕτως ὁ υἱός ἐστιν «ζωὴ αἰώνιος», ἔστιν δὲ τὸ αὐτό. 15.59 Καὶ ὥσπερ ὁ πατήρ «εἷς θεός» εἴρηται, οὕτω ὁ υἱὸς κέκληται μονογενής, θεός, λόγος καί «εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός». 15.60 καὶ ὡς Ἰάκωβος περὶ αὐτοῦ γράφει 15.60 «εἷς ἐστιν ὁ νομοθέτης καὶ κριτής, ὁ μόνος σώζειν δυνάμενος», οὕτω τὸ πνεῦμα παρὰ Παύλου Κορινθίοις καὶ Ἐφεσίοις γράψαντος ὕμνηται «ἕν» καί «τὸ αὐτό» καὶ μόνον, καὶ μόνον, ἵνα καὶ αὐτῷ τούτῳ τῷ ὡσανεὶ ἀριθμῷ, ἵν' οὕτω λεχθῇ, δείκνυνται φέρουσαι αἱ μακάριαι ὑποστάσεις αὗται τὸ ἑναδικὸν ἤτοι μοναδικὸν τῆς πατρικῆς θεότητος. 15.61 καὶ εἰ ἐπὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀληθὲς τό «ὁ θεὸς καὶ κύριος», ἀψευδὲς καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος. 15.62 Ὡς γὰρ ἐπεμνήσθημεν πολλαχοῦ, ἥ τε πρεσβυτέρα διαθήκη τὴν ἰσοτιμίαν φυλάξασα διελάλησεν· «εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου», καί «ἔβρεξεν κύριος παρὰ κυρίου», καί «ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς κατ' εἰκόνα θεοῦ τὸν ἄνθρωπον», καί «τίς θεὸς πάρεξ τοῦ κυρίου καί τίς θεὸς πλὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν;» 15.63 Καὶ ἐν τῇ νέᾳ δὲ διαθήκῃ ὁ μὲν Ἰωάννης ἔφη, ἅπερ ἤδη ἐλέχθη. ὁ δὲ Θωμᾶς «ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου», καὶ ὁ Παῦλος «ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν, οὗ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου, ἐκεῖ ἐλευθερία», καὶ πάλιν. «καθάπερ ἀπὸ κυρίου πνεύματος» καὶ «δῴη κύριος εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ κυρίου τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ». ὁ δὲ Ἰώβ· «πνεῦμα θεῖον τὸ ποιῆσάν με», καὶ «πνεῦμα θεῖον τὸ περιόν μοι ἐν ῥισίν». 15.64 Ταὐτὸν δέ ἐστιν τῇ γραφῇ λέξαι «θεῖον» ἤ «θεόν», ὡς διδάσκουσιν Παῦλος μὲν Ῥωμαίοις γράφων· «ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θεότης», αἱ δὲ Πράξεις· «οὐκ ὀφείλομεν νομίζειν χρυσῷ ἢ ἀργύρῳ ἢ λίθῳ, χαράγματι τέχνης ἢ ἐν θυμήσεως ἀνθρωπίνης, τὸ θεῖον εἶναι ὅμοιον», ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ· «ἵνα διὰ τούτων γένησθε θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως». 15.65 Καὶ ὃν τρόπον ὁ πατὴρ ἀκατάληπτος, οὕτω καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ πλοῦτος ἀνεξιχνίαστος κατὰ τὸν Παῦλον τυγχάνει ὤν. φησὶν γάρ· «ἐμοὶ τῷ ἐλαχιστοτέρῳ πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις, εὐαγγελίζε σθαι ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι τὸν ἀνεξιχνίαστον πλοῦτον τοῦ Χριστοῦ». ἀλλὰ καὶ «τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν πέρας» οὔτε «τῆς συνέσεως ἀριθμός» κατὰ τὸν ∆αυΐδ, οὔτε «τῆς εἰρήνης ὅριον» κατὰ Ἠσαΐαν,
The Unoriginate Hypostases§11
11And 'your incorruptible thing is a spirit in all things', he says, and 'the spirit of the Lord has filled the inhabited world'. For no one would be found so thick and dull who does not realize the infinity of the Only-begotten and the All-holy Spirit from these unerrant and pure testimonies.
And I say that what is written by the Apostle concerning both Hypostases is equal in weight and concord, both the things discussed concerning the Father: 'God over all and through all and in all' (Rom 11:36), and 'the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ knows, he who is blessed forever, that I do not lie' (Eph 3:14-15); and the things written to the Romans concerning the Son: 'the one who is God over all, blessed forever, Amen' (Rom 11:36). To this also is added 'the fullness of him who fills all in all' (Eph 1:23).
Again, the things used concerning the Father are similar: 'so that God may be all in all' (1 Cor 15:28), but concerning his Son: 'where there is neither Greek nor Jew, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free, but all in all is Christ' (Col 3:11). And differently: 'that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven and on earth, and every tongue should confess that one Lord is Jesus Christ' (Phil 2:10-11).
Concerning the Spirit, according to the things spoken briefly about him and what he is required to perceive in everything, as much as the Father is, as his Spirit, though apart from being Father. For he portrays God both in this and in all things, by which he argues: 'in this we know that he is in us, from his own Spirit, which he gave to us' (1 John 4:13).
And equal to that which was sung concerning God the Father: 'you alone are the most high over all the earth' (Ps 47:8) is what was used concerning the Son in the 6th Psalm: 'Mother Zion says: man and man became in him, and the Most High himself founded her' (Ps 87:5); and that concerning the Holy Spirit in the Gospel: 'you shall receive power from on high, the Holy Spirit coming upon you' (Luke 24:49).
And just as the Father is great in relation to the others, that he knows the Son, so also the Son is great because of knowing the Father; similarly also the Holy Spirit. For he says: 'thus also the things of God no one knows, except the Spirit of God' (1 Cor 2:11). And undeviating from what was written by Paul to the Hebrews concerning the Pa—
The manner of the Son is oracled: 'for it was fitting for him, through whom all things and by whom all things' John 1:3; 'all things came into being through him' John 1:3; and concerning the Spirit: 'by the word of the Lord the heavens were established and by the breath of his mouth all the powers of them' Psalm 33:6.
15.75 Thus, the glorious hypostases, having been endowed equally with the Father, as having inherited his unmixed and incomparable divine nature which is over all, how could they be counted among all things under God, since they are numbered as creatures?
15.76 For just as it is impossible for the Father not to be unoriginate and truly to be Father—for he did not have this name by time or by imposition—so it is impossible for the Son the Word and his Spirit not to be unoriginate and by nature to be from his hypostasis. For at once, Father—forgive me for speaking thus—the one was begotten and the other proceeded inseparably.
15.77 And being Father of the Only-begotten and having his Spirit proceeding from himself is not lacking. And because he is Father, he does not differ from the Son and his Spirit either by time or by essence. For if he begat later, he would have been changing or turning, which is foreign to divinity, along with finding God at one time not being called or not being a Father as if having become one.
15.78 And the apostle, presenting to the Hebrews the unoriginate and incomprehensible nature of the generation of the Son of God, writes concerning Melchizedek: 'without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, made like the Son of God' Hebrews 7:3.
15.79 And he was made like—since he was not genealogized, as was the custom to do with the tribes of Israel concerning those honored among them—because he is a type and a certain pattern of the Lord, who is indeed without mother and without time above, but without father and from time below.
15.80 Even though Melchizedek became a manifest priest, so that it was a joy to receive from him Abraham and to present to him tithes of all things, as the same apostle says: 'Behold this man, from whom Abraham received a tenth' Hebrews 7:4. And again: 'And, so to speak, through Abraham and Levi the one who receives tithes receives tenth parts,' that is, through the forefather Abraham. 'For still,' he says, 'he was in the loins of the father'—Levi, the descendant of Abraham, from whom the...
Greek · §11
15.66 καί «τὸ ἄφθαρτον δέ σου», φησίν, «πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἐν πᾶσιν», καί «πνεῦμα κυρίου πεπλήρωκεν τὴν οἰκουμένην». 15.67 οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἂν οὕτω παχύνους καὶ νωθὴς εὑρεθείη, ὅστις μὴ ἐκ τούτων τῶν ἀπλάστων καὶ καθαρῶν μαρτυριῶν τὸ ἀπέραντον τοῦ μονογενοῦς καὶ τοῦ παναγίου πνεύματος συνίδοι. 15.68 Καὶ ἰσόσταθμα καὶ ὁμοιόλεκτα τὰ περὶ ἀμφοῖν τῶν ὑποστάσεων γραφέντα παρὰ τοῦ ἀποστόλου φημί, τά τε περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς διαλεγόμενα· «ὁ ἐπὶ πάντων καὶ διὰ πάντων καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν θεός», καί «ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ οἶδεν, ὁ ὢν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, ὅτι οὐ ψεύδομαι»· τά τε περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ῥωμαίοις γραφέντα· «ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, ἀμήν». πρὸς τούτῳ καὶ «τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου». 15.69 Ἔτι ὅμοια τὰ χρησθέντα περὶ μὲν τοῦ πατρός· «ἵνα ᾖ ὁ θεὸς τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν», περὶ δὲ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ· «ὅπου οὐκ ἔνι Ἕλλην καὶ Ἰουδαῖος, βάρβαρος, Σκύθης, δοῦλος, ἐλεύθερος, ἀλλὰ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν Χριστός». 15.70 καὶ ἑτέρωθι· «ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ πᾶν 11 γόνυ κάμψῃ ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται, ὅτι εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός». 15.71 Περὶ δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος κατά τε τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ προσφάτως εἰρημένα καὶ καθὸ πάντα νοεῖσθαι κεχρεώστηται αὐτῷ, ὅσα ἐστὶν ὁ πατήρ, ὣς πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ, δίχα μέντοι τοῦ εἶναι πατέρα. ἐξεικονίζει γὰρ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν τὸν θεόν, ᾗ διαγορεύει «ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν, ὅτι ἐν ἡμῖν ἐστιν, ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ, οὗ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν». 15.72 καὶ ἰσοδύναμον τῷ μελῳδηθέντι περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ πατρός· «σὺ εἶ μόνος ὕψιστος ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν» τὸ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ χρησμῳδηθὲν ἐν πϛʹ ψαλμῷ· «μήτηρ Σιὼν ἐρεῖ· ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἄνθρωπος ἐγενήθη ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐθεμελίωσεν αὐτὴν ὁ ὕψιστος» καὶ τὸ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ· «ὑμεῖς λήψεσθε δύναμιν ἐξ ὕψους ἐπελθόντος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐφ' ὑμᾶς». 15.73 Καὶ καθὰ μέγας ὁ πατὴρ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις, ὅτι οἶδεν τὸν υἱόν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ υἱὸς μέγας ἐστὶ καὶ διὰ τὸ γινώσκειν τὸν πατέρα· 15.74 ὁμοίως καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. φησὶν γάρ· «οὕτω καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ». καὶ ἀπαράλλακτον τῷ παρὰ Παύλου Ἑβραίοις γραφέντι περὶ τοῦ πατρός· «ἔπρεπεν γὰρ αὐτῷ, δι' ὃν τὰ πάντα καὶ δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα» τὸ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ χρησμῳδηθέν· «πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο» καὶ περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος· «τῷ λόγῳ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν». 15.75 Αἱ οὖν τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρὶ ἐν ἴσῳ ἐκτετιμημέναι ἔνδοξοι ὑποστάσεις, ὡς τὴν ἐπὶ πάντων θεϊκὴν ἄμικτον καὶ ἀπαράβλητον αὐτοῦ φύσιν διακληρωσάμεναι, πῶς ἂν ἐν πᾶσιν ὑπὸ θεῷ, καθὸ κτιστὰς ψηφίζονται αὐτάς, συναριθ μηθείησαν; 15.76 ὥσπερ γὰρ ἀδύνατόν ἐστιν μὴ τὸν πατέρα ἀνάρχως τε καὶ ἀληθῶς εἶναι πατέρα–οὐ γὰρ χρόνῳ οὐδ' ἐπίθετον ἔσχεν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο–, οὕτως ἀδύνατόν ἐστιν μὴ τὸν υἱὸν λόγον καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἀνάρχως τε καὶ φύσει εἶναι ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ. ἅμα γὰρ πατήρ– συγχωρηθῇ δὲ τὸ οὕτως εἰπεῖν–ἀδιαστάτως ὁ μὲν ἐγεννήθη, τὸ δὲ ἐξεπορεύθη. 15.77 καὶ τοῦ εἶναι οὖν πατέρα τοῦ μονογενοῦς καὶ τοῦ ἔχειν τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐκπορευόμενον παρ' αὐτοῦ οὐ παρῄρηται. καὶ διὰ τὸ εἶναι πατέρα οὔτε χρόνῳ οὔτε οὐσίᾳ διαφέρει τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ. εἰ γὰρ ὕστερον ἐγέννα, μετεβάλλετο ἂν ἤτ' οὖν ἐτρέπετο, ὅπερ ἀλλότριον θεότητος μετὰ τοῦ εὑρίσκεσθαι τὸν θεόν ποτε μὴ λεγόμενον ἢ μὴ ὄντα πατέρα ὡς μήπου γεγεννηκότα. 15.78 Καὶ Ἑβραίοις δὲ ὁ ἀπόστολος τὸ ἄναρχον καὶ ἀκατάληπτον τῆς τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ γεννήσεως παριστῶν γράφει περὶ τοῦ Μελχισεδέκ· «ἀπάτωρ, ἀμήτωρ, ἀγενεαλόγητος μηδὲ ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν ἔχων, μηδὲ τέλος ζωῆς, ἀφωμοιωμένος τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ». 15.79 ἀφωμοίωτο δέ–καθὸ οὐκ ἐγενεαλογήθη, ὡς ἔθος ἦν ποιεῖν ταῖς φυλαῖς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ περὶ τῶν ἐν αὐταῖς ἐντίμων–διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν τύπον καὶ ὑπογραμμόν τινα τοῦ δεσπότου, τοῦ ἄνω μὲν ἀμήτορος καὶ ἀχρόνου, κάτω δὲ ἀπάτορος καὶ ἀπὸ χρόνου. 15.80 καίτοι ἐπιφανὴς ἱερεὺς γενόμενος ὁ Μελχισεδέκ, ὡς εὐλο γηθῆναι παρ' αὐτοῦ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ δεκάτας αὐτῷ τῶν σκύλων παρασχεῖν, καθὰ ὁ αὐτὸς ἀπόστολος λέγει· «θεωρεῖτε δέ, πηλίκος οὗτος, ᾧ καὶ δεκάτην ἀπὸ πάντων ἐμέρισεν Ἀβραάμ». καὶ πάλιν· «καί, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, διὰ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Λευῒ ὁ δεκάτας λαμβάνων δεδεκάτω ται», τουτέστιν διὰ τοῦ προπάτορος Ἀβραάμ. «ἔτι γάρ», φησίν, «ἐν τῇ ὀσφύϊ τοῦ πατρὸς ἦν»–Λευΐ, ὁ ἀπόγονος Ἀβραάμ, παρ' οὖ ἡ
The Creator and Center of All§12
12The meeting with the Lord was thought of generally—that is, with Abraham—the Melchizedek. What then is the will of their empty-headedness and how is it absurd? For they say whoever wishes to call Him the Beginning, and confess the end, and promise to the generation, and accept death from this generation; and they suppose that which comes from non-existence or from the dissimilarity of the divine essence to have become mortal and at the same time foreign to the composition of the Father, which is merely said, not even honored, as a mediator of all ungodliness.
But are their things then strong against the 'In the beginning was the Word' (John 1:1)? It was written also concerning creation, he says, the 'was'. For it has 'In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth, and the earth was formless and void' (Gen 1:1-2), and 'there was a man of Ramathaim-Ziphah' (1 Sam 9:1). There is nothing common to the 'In the beginning was' and the 'In the beginning God made', nor to the creator in relation to the creation. For the 'was' concerning the creation is said and believed only regarding the flowing and passing time.
For the creation was after the non-existent came to be. For he said in advance that He made it, and then he added the 'was', so that it might not be thought automatic. But concerning the God the Word, it signifies the super-beginning. For 'In the beginning', he says, 'was' and 'was God' (John 1:1), and the 'In the beginning was' pushes out from non-existence.
But they testify concerning the being of the Son as eternal and maker of the ages thus: Paul, writing to the Hebrews: 'Long ago God, speaking in many parts and many ways, to the fathers by the prophets, in these last days he has spoken to us by a Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom also he made the ages' (Heb 1:1-2); so he inherits his own things both as maker of them and as true Son; and he was appointed heir as having become man. And to the Corinthians in the first epistle: 'For no one can lay a foundation other than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ' (1 Cor 3:11), that is, it is impossible for a beginning of the Son to be devised. 'For in him and through him' is every beginning.
And David in the 84th psalm, singing about the ruler: 'Our God, the eternal King, worked salvation in the midst of the earth' (Ps 84:11). And he says the Golgotha, the middle place and such like.
A center which names him under heaven; in whom, by his divine foreknowledge, the Son worked out salvation for us through the incarnation, and in fact, when the impassible one suffered through goodness as he knew and willed for our sake, and reached, as they say, 'to the heart of the earth' (Ezekiel 28:26: 'I have set her, Jerusalem, in the midst of the nations'). And in the 119th Psalm: 'Forever, Lord, your word remains in heaven' (Psalm 119:89). And the Lord himself, utterly excluding the heretics, said concerning himself: 'Amen, amen, I say to you, before the ages were, I am' (John 8:58).
Regarding the establishing of all things as creator, both incorporeal and corporeal, but not as subordinate or mediator, and in this also as without beginning, according to the testimonies already set forth; and David in the 33rd Psalm sings: 'Our God in heaven and on earth did all that he willed' (Psalm 33:6). He did not say: 'all that was permitted.'
Who then would deny that the self-determining and all-determining Monad exists, the one who acts by his own will and has all things rushing together by his pure, intrinsic breath, without necessity? And in the 89th Psalm: 'You, Lord, laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the heavens are the works of your hands. They will perish, but you remain. And all of them will grow old like a garment, and like a cloak you will roll them up, and they will be changed. But you are the same, and your years will not fail' (Psalm 89:11-12), instead of 'you are without beginning and without end.'
And Paul writes the same to the Ephesians: 'in God who created all things' (Ephesians 1:16), and to the Colossians: 'because in him all things were created, those in the heavens and those on the earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers; all things were created through him and for him, and he is before all things, and in him all things consist' (Colossians 1:16-17). For he who essentially depicts God and the one before all things in divinity, no one surpasses or is elder than him, just as no one is subject to or later than the one who is after all things.
And in another way: if he is before all things, alone from alone and by alone, absolutely generated before every activity, and is essentially the Son of the Father. For it is necessary...
Greek · §12
δεκάτωσις τῷ κυρίῳ, γενικῶς ἐπινενόηται–»ὅτε συνήντησεν αὐτῷ» –τουτέστιν τῷ Ἀβραάμ–»ὁ Μελχισεδέκ». 15.81 Τί δὴ οὖν τὸ βούλημα τῆς κενολογίας αὐτῶν καὶ πῇ τὸ ἄτοπον; σύνες γάρ· ὅσοι ἐθέλωσι λέγειν ἀρχήν, καὶ πέρας ὁμολογοῦσιν, καὶ τῷ γένεσιν ἐπαγγέλλεσθαι, καὶ τὴν ἐκ ταύτης θνῆσιν ἀποδέχονται· 15.82 καὶ τῷ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἢ ἐξ ἀνομοίας τῆς θεϊκῆς οὐσίας ὑπολαμβάνειν γεγενῆσθαι, θνητόν τε ἅμα καὶ ἀλλότριον τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς συνθεότητος ἀποφαίνονται, ὅπερ καὶ λεγόμενον μόνον, οὐχὶ καὶ δοξαζόμενον πάσης ἀθεΐας ἀνάμεστον. 15.83 Ἀλλὰ πρὸς τό «ἐν ἀρχῇ 12 ἦν ὁ λόγος» τὰ ἐκείνων δῆθεν ἰσχυρά; ἐγράφη καὶ περὶ τῆς κτίσεως, φησίν, τό «ἦν». ἔχει γάρ «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν, ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος», καί «ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐξ Ἀρμαθὲμ Σιφά». 15.84 Οὐδὲν δὲ κοινὸν τῷ «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν» καὶ τῷ «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν», οὐδὲ τῷ κτίστῃ πρὸς τὸ κτίσμα. τὸ γάρ «ἦν» ἐπὶ τῆς κτίσεως περὶ μόνου τοῦ ῥέοντος χρόνου τοῦ καὶ περατουμένου λέγεται καὶ πιστεύεται. 15.85 Ἦν γὰρ ἡ κτίσις μετὰ τὸ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων γενέσθαι. εἶπεν γὰρ προλαβὼν ὅτι ἐποίησεν αὐτήν, καὶ τότε ἐπήγαγεν τό «ἦν», ἵνα μὴ αὐτόματος νομισθῇ. 15.86 Ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου τὸ ὑπεράναρχον σημαίνει. «ἐν ἀρχῇ» γάρ, φησίν, «ἦν» καί «θεὸς ἦν», καὶ τό «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν» τὸ ἐκ μὴ ὄντων ἐξωθεῖ. 15.87 Μαρτυροῦσι δὲ περὶ μὲν τοῦ εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν προαιώνιον καὶ ποιητὴν τῶν αἰώνων ὧδε· Παῦλος ἐπιστέλλων Ἑβραίοις μέν· «πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως πάλαι ὁ θεὸς λαλήσας τοῖς πατράσιν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων ἐλάλησεν ἡμῖν ἐν υἱῷ, ὃν ἔθη κεν κληρονόμον πάντων, δι' οὗ καὶ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν». αὐτὸς οὖν τὰ ἑαυτοῦ κληρονομεῖ καὶ ὡς ποιητὴς αὐτῶν καὶ ὡς ἀληθινὸς υἱός· ἐτέθη δὲ κληρονόμος ὡς ἐνανθρωπήσας. 15.88 Κορινθίοις δὲ ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «θεμέλιον γὰρ οὐδεὶς δύναται θεῖναι παρὰ τὸν κείμενον, ὅς ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός», τουτέστιν, ἀρχὴν ἐπινοηθῆναι τοῦ υἱοῦ ἀμήχανον. «ἐν αὐτῷ γὰρ καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ» πᾶσα ἀρχή. 15.89 ∆αυῒδ δὲ ἐν ογʹ ψαλμῷ περὶ τοῦ ἀνάρχου ψάλλων· «ὁ δὲ θεὸς βασιλεὺς ἡμῶν προαιώνιος εἰργάσατο σωτηρίαν ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς». λέγει δὲ τὸν Γολγοθᾶν, τόπον μεσώτατον καὶ οἱονεὶ κέντρον τῆς ὑπ' οὐρανὸν ὀνομάζων αὐτόν· ἐν ᾧ τῇ μὲν θεϊκῇ αὐτοῦ προγνώσει πρὸ αἰῶνος εἰργάσατο ἡμῖν σωτηρίαν ἐν τῇ ἐνανθρωπήσει ὁ υἱός, τῷ δὲ πράγματι, ὅτε δι' ἀγαθότητα ἔπαθεν ὡς οἶδεν καὶ ἠθέλησεν ὁ ἀπαθὴς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ ἕως «τῆς καρδίας τῆς γῆς», ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἐγένετο, καθὰ καὶ Ἰεζεκιὴλ προφητεύει τοιάδε· «αὐτὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ, εἰς μέσον τῶν ἐθνῶν τέθεικα αὐτήν». 15.90 Καὶ ἐν ριηʹ ψαλμῷ· «εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, κύριε, ὁ λόγος σου διαμένει ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ». καὶ αὐτὸς περὶ ἑαυτοῦ ὁ δεσπότης αἱρετικοῖς που πάντως ἀποκλείων εἶπεν· «ἀμήν, ἀμήν, λέγω σοι, πρό» τοῦ τοὺς αἰῶνας γενέσθαι «ἐγώ εἰμι». 15.91 Περὶ δὲ τοῦ καθεστάναι πάντων ἀσωμάτων τε καὶ σωματοειδῶν δημιουργόν, οὐχὶ δὲ ὑπουργὸν ἢ μεσίτην, ἐν ταὐτῷ δὲ καὶ ἄναρχον, πρὸς ταῖς ἤδη παρατεθείσαις μαρτυρίαις καὶ ∆αυῒδ ἐν ριγʹ ψαλμῷ ᾄδει· «ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ πάντα ὅσα ἠθέλησεν ἐποίησεν». οὐκ εἶπεν· «ὅσα ἐπετράπη». 15.92 τίς οὖν καταρνήσαιτ' ἂν τῆς αὐτεξουσίου καὶ παντεξουσίου μονάδος οὐσίας ὑπάρχειν τὸν ἐθελουσίως αὐτουργοῦντα καὶ ἔχοντα ψιλῷ τῷ οἰκείῳ νεύματι πάντα δίχα μελλήσεως συντρέχοντα; 15.93 Καὶ ἐν ραʹ ψαλμῷ· «κατ' ἀρχὰς τὴν γῆν σύ, κύριε, ἐθεμελίωσας, καὶ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί. αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται, σὺ δὲ διαμενεῖς. καὶ πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται, καὶ ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον εἱλίξεις αὐτούς, καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται. σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν», ἀντὶ τοῦ «ἄναρχος ὑπάρχεις καὶ ἀπέραντος.» 15.94 Καὶ Παῦλος δὲ τὰ ἴσα γράφει πρὸς Ἐφεσίους μέν· «ἐν τῷ θεῷ τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι», πρὸς δὲ Κολοσσαεῖς· «ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα, τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὁρατὰ καὶ ἀόρατα, εἴτε θρόνοι εἴτε κυριότητες εἴτε ἀρχαὶ εἴτε ἐξουσίαι· τὰ πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἐκτίσθη, καὶ αὐτός ἐστι πρὸ πάντων, καὶ τὰ πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκεν». 15.95 τοῦ γὰρ οὐσιωδῶς ἐξεικονίζοντος τὸν θεὸν καὶ τοῦ πρὸ πάντων τῇ θεότητι οὐδεὶς ὑπέρκειται οὐδὲ πρεσβυτερεύει, ὡς τοῦ μετὰ πάντας οὐδεὶς ὑπόκειται οὐδὲ ὑστερεύει. 15.96 Καὶ ἄλλως· εἰ πρὸ πάντων ἐστὶν μόνος ἐκ μόνου καὶ μόνως, πρὸ πάσης ἐνεργείας ἀπορρήτως ἐγεννήθη καὶ οὐσιωδῶς υἱός ἐστι τοῦ πατρός. δεῖ γὰρ
Jacob's Ladder and the Uncomparable Father§13
13That the one existing before all things and supremely ruling over every nature is nothing of the all, nor is any creature to be understood by comparison of those things having come from him, and having received from him every change. And otherwise: if anyone were to call the maker of every creature the one bearing all creation and the image of God and naming him Son, paying attention to the truth and being informed by the divine oracles, how could he confess this one to be a creature or something smaller than the one bearing all things to be God or having existed before, unless he were mad?
Concerning the prophecy of calling God and angel, Malachi says thus: 'The Lord whom you seek shall come into his temple, and the angel of the covenant whom you desire. Behold, the Lord comes, and who will endure the day of his entrance? Or who will stand at his appearing?' (Malachi 3:1-2). The beginning of the word signifies the economy, but the following signifies his fearsome and philanthropic second appearance. And Isaiah cries out in the manner of those who rejoice, announcing to those who have not yet perceived what has come to pass: 'A child was born to us, a son was given, and his name is called the angel of great counsel, wonderful counselor, mighty God, authority, prince of peace' (Isaiah 9:6).
Jacob calls this God 'the angel' when, having slept while traveling to Mesopotamia, he saw a dream. For he says: 'And behold, a ladder standing upon the earth, the head of which reached into heaven. And the angels of God were ascending and descending upon it, and the Lord stood upon it and said: I am the Lord the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac. Do not fear; the land upon which you lie, I will give to you and to your seed. And I will be with you and will deliver you in every way that you go, and I will turn you back with safety to the house of your father. And your seed shall be multiplied upon l—' (Genesis 28:12-13).
...sea, and north, and east." The cross was prophesied through the ladder, upon which the faithful ascend to the heavenly dwellings, while God Himself, having voluntarily been nailed to the cross for our sake, stands upon the ladder. And with other things: "Jacob said, 'If God is Lord with me and preserves me in the way that I go, and gives me bread to eat and clothing to wear, and turns me back with safety to the house of my father, and he shall be Lord to me; and this stone which I have set as a pillar shall be a house of God. And from all things which you shall give me, I will give to you a tenth'" (Gen 28:20-22).
Then, having become many possessions with Laban, he saw in a vision again the God seen above him in the greenery of the pastures. And he recounted thus: "The angel of God said to me in a dream: 'Jacob, lift up your eyes and see the rams and the goats ascending to the sheep and the goats; for I know what Laban will do to you. I am the God who was seen to you in the way that you were going, where you set a pillar for me and made a vow to me there'" (Gen 31:11-13).
And in Egypt, the same Jacob asks the sons of Joseph this angel and the blessing of the "great God," saying: "The God in whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac were pleased, the God who has nourished me from my youth until this day, the angel who delivers me from all my evils" (Gen 48:15-16).
Concerning those saying, that "the Father of the Son is incomparable and greater," and that "one is an image and another is God," and that "and man was written as an image of God and glory," and concerning the testimony that the Father does not differ at all from the Son. And they attribute the incomparable and the greater to the Father because of the unbegotten, but to the Son the dissimilar because of having the begotten, drawing again the things concerning the most unspeakable divinity into the results of our own nature and the...
Greek · §13
τὸν πρὸ πάντων ὄντα καὶ πάσης φύσεως ὑπερφυῶς ἐπιτροπεύοντα μηδὲν εἶναι τῶν πάντων, 15.97 μηδὲ κτίσμα κατὰ σύγκρισιν νοεῖσθαι τῶν παρ' αὐτοῦ παροισθέντων 13 καὶ πᾶσαν εἰληχότων πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐξαλλαγήν. 15.98 καὶ ἄλλως· ὃν ἄν τις παντὸς ποιήματος ποιητὴν ἀποφήναιτο καὶ πᾶσαν βαστάζοντα τὴν κτίσιν καὶ εἰκόνα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ υἱὸν ὀνομάσοι, τῇ τε ἀληθείᾳ προσέχων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν θείων λογίων πληροφορούμενος, τοῦτον πῶς ἂν ποίημα ἢ μικρότερον τοῦ φέροντος τὰ πάντα θεοῦ ἢ προγενέστερον ἔχοντα, εἰ μὴ μαίνοιτο, προσομολογήσοι; 15.99 Περὶ δὲ τοῦ θεὸν καὶ ἄγγελον κεκλῆσθαι προφητεύουσιν Μαλαχίας μὲν οὕτως εἰπών· «ἥξει εἰς τὸν ναὸν αὐτοῦ κύριος, ὃν ὑμεῖς ζητεῖτε, καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος τῆς διαθή κης, ὃν ὑμεῖς θέλετε. ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται κύριος, καὶ τίς ὑπομενεῖ ἡμέραν εἰσόδου αὐτοῦ; ἢ τίς ὑποστήσεται ἐν τῇ ὀπτασίᾳ αὐτοῦ;» 15.100 ἡ ἀρχὴ τοῦ ῥητοῦ τὴν οἰκονομίαν, τὸ δὲ ἑπόμενον τὴν φοβερὰν καὶ φιλάνθρωπον αὐτοῦ δευτέραν παρουσίαν δηλοῖ. 15.101 Ἠσαΐας δὲ βοῶν τρόπῳ ᾧ εἰώθασιν οἱ συγχαίροντες ἀγγέλλειν τοῖς οὔπω τοῦ γενομένου ᾐσθημένοις· «παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν, υἱὸς καὶ ἐδόθη, καὶ καλεῖται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ μεγά λης βουλῆς ἄγγελος, θαυμαστὸς σύμβουλος, θεὸς ἰσχυρός, ἐξουσιαστής, ἄρχων εἰρήνης». 15.102 Τοῦτον τὸν θεὸν λόγον καὶ Ἰακὼβ ἄγγελον καλεῖ, ὅτε πορευόμενος εἰς Μεσοποταμίαν κοιμηθεὶς εἶδεν ὄναρ. φησὶν γάρ· «καὶ ἰδοῦ κλίμαξ ἐστηριγμένη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἧς ἡ κεφαλὴ ἐφικνεῖτο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν. καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνέβαινον καὶ κατέβαινον ἐπ' αὐτῆς, ὁ δὲ κύριος ἐπεστήρικτο ἐπ' αὐτῆς καὶ εἶπεν· ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων σου, ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ὁ θεὸς Ἰσαάκ. μὴ φοβοῦ· ἡ γῇ, ἐφ' ἧς σὺ καθεύδεις, σοὶ δώσω αὐτὴν καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου. καὶ ἐγὼ ἔσομαι μετά σου καὶ διαφυ λάξω σε ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ πάσῃ. ᾗ ἐὰν πορευθῇς, καὶ ἀποστρέψω σε μετὰ σωτηρί ας εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός σου. καὶ πλατυνθήσεται τὸ σπέρμα σου ἐπὶ λίβα καὶ θάλασσαν καὶ βορρᾶν καὶ ἀνατολάς». 15.103 Προεφητεύετο δὲ διὰ μὲν τῆς κλίμακος ὁ σταυρός, δι' οὗ οἱ πιστοὶ ἐπὶ τὰς οὐρανίους ἀναβαίνουσιν σκηνάς, ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ κλίμακι ἐπεστηριγμένος θεὸς αὐτὸς ὁ ἑκουσίως τῷ σταυρῷ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν προσηλωθείς. 15.104 Καὶ μεθ' ἕτερα· «ηὔξατο», φησίν, «Ἰακώβ· ἐὰν ᾖ κύριος ὁ θεὸς μετ' ἐμοῦ καὶ διαφυλάξῃ με ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ᾖ πορεύομαι, καὶ δῷ μοι ἄρτον φαγεῖν καὶ ἱμάτιον περιβαλέσθαι καὶ ἀποστρέψῃ με μετὰ σωτηρίας εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου, καὶ ἔσται μοι κύριος εἰς θεόν· καὶ ὁ λίθος οὗτος, ὃν ἔστησα στήλην, ἔσται μοι οἶκος θεοῦ. καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων, ὧν ἄν μοι δῷς, δεκάτην ἀποδεκατώσω σοι». 15.105 Εἶτα πληθυνθεὶς παρὰ τῷ Λάβαν εἶδεν ἐν τῇ κισσήσει τῶν θρεμμάτων πάλιν ἐν ὀπτασίᾳ τὸν ἀνωτέρω ὀφθέντα αὐτῷ θεὸν 15.106 καὶ διηγήσατο οὑτωσί· «εἶπέν μοι ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ θεοῦ καθ' ὕπνον· Ἰακώβ, ἀνάβλεψον τοῖς ὀφθαλ μοῖς σου καὶ ἰδὲ τοὺς κριοὺς καὶ τοὺς τράγους ἀναβαίνοντας ἐπὶ τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τὰς αἶγας· οἶδα γάρ, ὅσα σοι Λάβαν ποιήσει. ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεὸς ὁ ὀφθείς σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ᾗ ἤρχου, οὗ ἔστησάς μοι στήλην καὶ ηὔξω μοι ἐκεῖ εὐχήν». 15.107 Καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς Ἰακὼβ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰωσὴφ τούτου τοῦ ἀγγέλου καὶ «μεγάλου θεοῦ» τὴν εὐλογίαν αἰτεῖται εἰπών· «ὁ θεός, ᾧ εὐηρέστησαν οἱ πατέρες μου Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαάκ, ὁ θεὸς ὁ τρέφων με ἐκ νεότητός μου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης, ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ ῥυόμενός με ἐκ πάν των τῶν κακῶν μου». 16.ν Περὶ τῶν λεγόντων, ὅτι «ἀσύγκριτος καὶ μείζων ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ υἱοῦ» καὶ ὅτι «ἄλλο εἰκὼν καὶ ἄλλο θεὸς» καὶ ὅτι «καὶ ἄνθρωπος εἰκὼν θεοῦ ἐγράφη καὶ δόξα». καὶ περὶ τοῦ μαρτυρεῖσθαι κατ' οὐδὲν διαφέρειν τοῦ υἱοῦ τὸν πατέρα. 16.1 Καὶ τὸ ἀσύγκριτον δὲ καὶ μεῖζον τῷ πατρὶ διὰ τὸ ἀγέννητον ἀπονέμουσιν, τῷ δὲ υἱῷ τὸ ἀνόμοιον διὰ τὸ ἔχειν τὸ γεννητόν, καθέλκοντες πάλιν τὰ περὶ τῆς ἀρρητοτάτης θεότητος εἰς τὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως ἀποτελέσματα καὶ τὰ
The Incomparability of the Son§14
14They think that the intelligible things are made similar to the flows of matter. For the heavenly things surpass all mind and all thought, while the earthly and lowly things are subject to becoming and passing away in time. But especially, the Son was begotten without beginning, existing and working with his own true Father, like light to the solar disk. And the fact that God, Lord, Holy, Creator, Imperishable, Life, Light, and all that the Father is, exists, is testified from the Scriptures. And it is more fitting to have the similar and equal from the many than the dissimilar from the one. How is it that Adam and Eve, not having been begotten and not having had a father, have become equal in nature to those from them? Or what simple comparison have they made, saying the 'dissimilar,' or how, having measured, have they arrived at the 'greater and larger'? For Scripture neither defines the holy and unbegotten, one and indivisible Trinity by nature, nor again distinguishes for it the first and the second. But these two things are being made manifest: that the greater is not in any way of a different substance (heterousios)ent substance (heterousios), and that the comparative terms apply to those of the same substance, not to those of different substance. Nor would one say it is opportune even by imposition, not even concerning the 'incomparable and greater.' Not according to size or any volume; for the God Word has withdrawn from all magnitude and simplicity, and from all bulk, composition, and form, just as the Father and his Holy Spirit, being contained by nothing, yet containing all. Because he is also the beginning of all magnitudes, like a creator. For where is size in the most sublime, supersubstantial, and superior hypostases? Nor even according to the unbegotten. For he co-exists with the Father as an 'emanation of his glory' and not having God before him. For he indeed says: 'In the beginning was the Word' (John 1:1). And God the Creator is not measured by time relative to the creation. Since it is necessary for them to require—which is a dangerous thought to conceive—a time prior to the unbegotten and incomprehensible God and Father, and thus to compare. But men are accustomed to call 'greater' those who have preceded in time in generation, according to Isaac who ordains: 'the greater shall serve the less.' Nor as a cause.. Text ends abruptly.
He is not the cause of it. For the only-begotten Son was shown to be without beginning, since he is greater than both himself and us in the same way, which would be impossible to say or even to hear.
Nor is he greater according to essence and similarity. For from him it is said, 'as the only-begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth' (John 1:14), and as 'the character of the hypostasis,' being a character toward all things, and as 'the image of God,' whom 'he who has seen has seen the Father' (John 14:9). 'For in him dwells all the fullness of deity' (Colossians 2:9). And this is drawn out by the testimony of 'let us make man in our image and according to our likeness' (Genesis 1:26).
Nor is he greater according to a distinction of quality, since the divine and unsearchable hypostases are not qualities; for quality belongs to bodies, but they are incorporeal and intellectual. But it is not even possible to think about them in terms of comparison, as if the beautiful were more beautiful than the lovely, similarly to the voice of Paul speaking concerning another: 'But now these three remain, faith, hope, love; but the greatest of these is love' (1 Corinthians 13:13). For through the distinction toward virtue, he gained the 'greater' through love. For, he says, having loved, we believe, and having believed, we hope to reign with Christ.
For if the 'one God' (1 Corinthians 8:6) and 'that you may become partakers of the divine nature' (2 Peter 1:4) and not of natures, is true, and it has been demonstrated that the whole thing is one, I say: the deity. Nor is he greater according to equality, because it is written that the Son is 'God,' great and 'over all' (Ephesians 1:22), 'making himself equal to the Father' (Philippians 2:6) and 'swearing by himself, since he has no greater' (Hebrews 6:13).
Nor is he greater according to power. For it is written: 'the power of God and the wisdom of God' (1 Corinthians 1:24), and 'all things as the Father does, the Son also does in the same way' (John 14:10). Nor is he greater according to glory or any honor. 'For if we had known,' he says, 'we would not have crucified the Lord of glory' (1 Corinthians 2:8). And it is the will of the Father, according to John, 'that all may honor the Son, just as they honor the Father' (John 5:23).
According to what, then, remains the greater and the dissimilar? As it was shown, according to nothing. And indeed the apostle, preventing the impious suppositions of heretics regarding the only-begotten Son and God, yet preventing the identity of nature toward his Father, and furthermore proclaiming the without-beginning, having written as was said above: 'who being the radiance of the glory of the Father' (Hebrews 1:3) brought forth: 'and the character of his hypostasis.'
And
Greek · §14
νοητὰ τοῖς τῆς ὕλης ῥεύμασιν συνεξομοιοῦσθαι νομίζοντες. 16.2 τὰ μὲν γὰρ ὑπερουράνια πάντα νοῦν καὶ πᾶσαν νόησιν ὑπερβαίνοντα, τὰ δὲ γήϊνα καὶ ταπεινὰ καὶ χρόνῳ γινόμενα καὶ ἀπογινόμενα τυγχάνει. 16.3 Ἀλλὰ μάλιστα μὲν ἀνάρχως 14 ἐτέχθη, συνυπάρχων καὶ συμπράττων τῷ ἑαυτοῦ ἀληθινῷ πατρί, ὡς τὸ φῶς τῷ ἡλιακῷ δίσκῳ. 16.4 ἔχει δὲ τὸ εἶναι καὶ ἀπὸ γραφῶν μαρτυρεῖσθαι θεός, κύριος, ἅγιος, δημιουργός, ἄφθαρτος, ζωή, φῶς καὶ πάντα ὅσα ὁ πατήρ. 16.5 καὶ μᾶλλον ἐκ τῶν πλειόνων τὸ ὅμοιον καὶ ἴσον ἔχειν ὀφείλει ἤπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνὸς τὸ ἀνόμοιον. 16.6 Πῶς δὲ ὁ Ἀδὰμ καὶ ἡ Εὔα οὐ γεννηθέντες οὐδὲ πατέρα ἐσχηκότες τοῖς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἡμῖν ἴσοι τῇ φύσει γεγόνασιν; 16.7 ἢ ποίαν ἁπλῶς παράθεσιν ποιησάμενοι τοῦ ὡς λέγουσιν ἀνομοίου ἢ πῶς παραμετρήσαντες ἐπέστησαν τῷ «κρείττονι καὶ μείζονι»; γραφῆς μὲν οὔτε διοριζούσης τῇ φύσει τὴν ἁγίαν καὶ ἄναρχον μίαν καὶ ἀμέριστον τριάδα, οὐδ' αὖ πάλιν ἀφοριζούσης αὐτῇ τὸ πρώτιστα καὶ τὸ ἔπειτα; 16.8 δήλων δὲ ὄντων δύο τούτων, ὅτι τε οὐ πάντως τὸ μεῖζον ἑτεροούσιόν ἐστι, καὶ ὅτι καθ' ὅλου τὰ συγκριτικὰ ἐπὶ ὁμοουσίων, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπὶ ἑτεροουσίων λέγεται. 16.9 οὐκ ἂν δὲ οὐδ' ἐξ ἐπιβολῆς εἴποιεν καίριον, ὅτι οὐδὲ περὶ τοῦ «ἀσυγκρίτου καὶ μείζονος». 16.10 Οὐ κατὰ μέγεθος ἤ τινα ὄγκον· ἀμεγέθης γὰρ καὶ ἀπλατής ἐστιν καὶ πηλικότητος πάσης καὶ συνθέσεως καὶ σχήματος ἀναχωρήσας ὁ θεὸς λόγος, καθὰ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὑπὸ μηδενὸς μὲν περιεχόμενος αὐτός, πάντα δὲ ἐμπεριέχων. 16.11 διότι καὶ πάντων ἀρχὴ μεγεθῶν ὡς ποιητής ἐστιν. ποῦ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ἀκροτάταις καὶ ὑπερασωμάτοις καὶ κρείττοσιν ὑποστάσεσιν μέγεθος; 16.12 Οὐδὲ κατὰ τὸ ἄναρχον. συνυπάρχει γὰρ τῷ πατρὶ ὡς «ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ» καὶ μὴ ἔχων πρὸ αὐτοῦ θεόν. 16.13 καὶ γάρ φησιν· «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος». καὶ οὐδὲ συμμετρεῖται χρόνῳ θεὸς καὶ ποιητὴς ποιήματι. 16.14 ἐπεὶ ἀνάγκη αὐτοὺς ἀπαιτεῖ– ὅπερ καὶ ἐννοεῖν σφαλερόν–πρότερον ὑποστῆσαι τοῦ ἀνάρχου καὶ ἀπερινοήτου θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς χρόνον καὶ οὕτω συγκρίνειν. 16.15 ἄνθρωποι δὲ εἰώθασι «μείζονας» καλεῖν τοὺς χρόνῳ τὴν γένεσιν προειληφότας, κατὰ τὸν Ἰσαὰκ διαταττόμενον· «ὁ μείζων δουλεύσει τῷ ἐλάττονι». 16.16 Οὐδὲ ὡς αἴτιος. οὐ γὰρ αἴτιος αὐτοῦ. ἄναρχος γὰρ καὶ ὁ μονογενὴς υἱὸς ἐδείχθη· ἐπεὶ ὁμοίως αὐτοῦ τε καὶ ἡμῶν μείζων, ὅπερ μὴ γένοιτο εἰπεῖν ἢ ἀκοῦσαι. 16.17 Οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν οὐσίαν καὶ τὸ ὅμοιον. ἐξ αὐτοῦ γάρ «ὡς μονογενὴς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας», καὶ ὡς «χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως» πρὸς ἅπαντα ὢν χαρακτὴρ, καὶ ὡς «εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ», ἣν «ὁ ἑωρακὼς ἑώρακε τὸν πατέρα». «ἐν αὐτῷ γὰρ κατοι κεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος». 16.18 ἐπισπᾶται δὲ τοῦτο μαρτυρίᾳ καὶ τὸ «ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν ἡμετέραν». 16.19 Οὐδὲ κατὰ ποιότητος ἐπίτασιν, ἐπεὶ μὴ ποιότητες αἱ θεῖαι καὶ ἀπόρρητοι ὑποστάσεις· ἐν σώμασι γὰρ ἡ ποιότης· αἱ δὲ ἀσώματοι καὶ νοηταί. 16.20 Ἀλλὰ μηδὲ νοεῖσθαι δύναται περὶ αὐτῶν, ὡς εἴη τοῦ καλοῦ κάλλιον καὶ τοῦ καλλίονος βέλτιον, παραπλησίως τῇ περὶ ἄλλου λεγούσῃ Παύλου φωνῇ· «νυνὶ δὲ μένει τὰ τρία ταῦτα· πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη· μείζων δὲ τούτων ἡ ἀγάπη». 16.21 διὰ γὰρ τὴν εἰς ἀρετὴν ἐπίτασιν ἀπένειμεν τῇ ἀγάπῃ τὸ «μείζων». ἀγαπήσαντες γάρ, φησί, πιστεύομεν καὶ πιστεύσαντες ἐλπίζομεν συμβασιλεῦσαι τῷ Χριστῷ. 16.22 εἰ γὰρ ἀληθὲς τό «εἷς θέος» καὶ τό «ἵνα γένησθε θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως» καὶ οὐχί· φύσεων, ἓν εἶναι καὶ τὸ καθάπαξ καλὸν ἀποδέδεικται, φημὶ δέ· ἡ θεότης. 16.23 Οὐδὲ κατὰ τὸ ἴσον, διότι μέγας καί «ἐπὶ πάντων» γέγραπται, «θεός» ὁ υἱός, «ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ πατρί» καί «ὀμνύων καθ' ἑαυτοῦ, ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἔχει τὸν μείζονα». 16.24 Οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν δύναμιν. γέγραπται γάρ· «Χριστὸν θεοῦ δύναμιν καὶ θεοῦ σοφίαν», καί «πάντα ὅσα ἂν ποιῇ ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ». 16.25 Οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν δόξαν ἤ τι ἀξίωμα. «εἰ γὰρ ᾔδεσαν», φησίν, «οὐκ ἂν τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης ἐσταύρωσαν». καὶ θέλημά ἐστιν τοῦ πατρὸς κατὰ τὸν Ἰωάννην, «ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν υἱόν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν πατέρα». 16.26 κατὰ τί οὖν λοιπὸν τὸ μείζω καὶ ἀνόμοιον; ὡς ἐδείχθη, κατ' οὐδέν. 16.27 καὶ γοῦν ὁ ἀπόστολος τὰς εἰς τὸν μονογενῆ υἱὸν καὶ θεὸν ἀσεβεῖς ὑπολήψει αἱρετικῶν ἀναστέλλων, τὴν δὲ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ τῆς φύσεως ταυτότητα ἔτι δὲ 15 καὶ τὸ συνάναρχον κηρύττων, γράψας, ὡς ἀνωτέρω ἐλέχθη· «ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης τοῦ πατρός» ἐπήγαγεν· «καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ». 16.28 καὶ
The distinction between image and essence§15
15Again, regarding the Colossians and the Hebrews, it is written: 'who is the image of the invisible God' (Col 1:15). And in the Gospel according to John, the Son, presenting his own essence to be stamped with a Fatherly character, said: 'for this God the Father has stamped' (John 5:23).
This makes manifest the co-existence of the seal with the archetype, being of like-nature, and in itself showing perfectly and truly the unity of nature of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. For the seal, just like the character, signifies that which is similar and undefiled.
Since it is a time to speak, and it is not improper or incomparable to have the Father as the archetype, even if he is being imaged and characterized by a created and dissimilar thing. These divine things, not understanding correctly the words of unsearchable interpretation, but twisting them and contending with human thoughts against the words of God, say: 'another God and another image of God, just as another man and another image of a man.'
And in a certain way they represent the living and active God-Logos as a motionless image. But in essence and in every respect, he is an unerring and sovereign image of the Father, and not according to form and shape, like a statue carved or sculpted, breathless and not self-moving, nor according to kind and color, like an artificial and imitative silent image. For these things do not even according to nature, nor indeed in all other respects, manifest the Prototype.
For indeed the Son is an image of his own Father's essence of a man; but it happens to deviate in age or kind or mind or power or dignity or related things or something else. But the God-Logos unerringly and precisely images in all respects the simple, undivided, and unlike Fatherly divinity, naturally and sovereignly.
For it is not possible to think, as if he were an image of God according to something and deviates from something; nor indeed does he become an 'incomparable' image; nor is it possible through the dissimilar or the lesser or the subordinate that the true and archetypal and greater and self-determining and incomparable might be shown; nor again through the creature can the natural form of the creator be understood. For indeed no other nature demonstrates the other within itself. But even the Father is found to have become without subsistence, when the heretics do not teach the character.
Not of his hypostasis. But even the invisible, uncomposed, and formless God does not possess an image such as those they claim is imitative. And he clearly dissolves their argument and their induction, saying: 'To be equal to God was not considered a robbery.' And Moses also leads forward concerning a natural image, saying thus: 'Adam begat Seth according to his image' (Gen 5:3). Yet Seth was not necessarily of a different substance from Adam, yet he called the image and likeness of the essence an 'idea'.
But also concerning man, he says, it has been written, that he is 'an image and glory of God'. But nowhere, O you ones, has it been written that man or any other creature is to be 'an emanation of the glory of God and a character of the hypostasis'. It is something else to be a man as an image of God, that is, the thing made of the maker, just as Solomon says concerning the product of a carpenter: 'The maker is perceived in a likeness to the things created'; but it is something else to be, according to the same form and identical and co-ruling, an emanation of glory and a character of hypostasis, in-dwelling and unerring. For he says: 'He who has seen me has seen the Father' (John 14:9). But he who has seen a man has not seen God, just as he who has seen the product has not seen the carpenter.
But it is also necessary that for the only invisible God, that image is to be only invisible, and not the visible man according to the image. Therefore, the Son is not like any other: for he writes, 'Who shall be conformed to the Lord?' (Rom 8:29). Nor is he unlike his own Father: 'For I and the Father are one' (John 10:30), he says. And those who take the concept of the creator's image upon him, they resemble Nebuchadnezzar, worshipping an unconscious image made by someone.
And God justly cast out Adam through the disobedience from the paradise; but the Son brought in the thief, and Adam with him, and the whole common race, as being altogether equal in divinity and goodness and lordship to the one who cast them out. Where has it been written that 'the Father is incomparable' to his own Only-begotten? Or that his Son is the creator and judge of all, according to his divine nature and the infinite nature of all things removed from them, is a 'creature'? Or altogether that at no time 'he was' (John 1:1)? Or where did the Father say privately, 'Create a son for me,' or the Son say?
Greek · §15
πάλιν πρὸς Κολοσσαεῖς καὶ πρὸς Ἑβραίους ἐπέστειλεν· «ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου». 16.29 καὶ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ἰωάννην δὲ εὐαγγελίῳ ὁ υἱὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ οὐσίαν πατρικῷ χαρακτῆρι ἐσφραγίσθαι παριστῶν εἶπεν· «τοῦτον γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ἐσφράγισεν ὁ θεός». 16.30 συνυφεστηκυίας δὲ δηλονότι τῆς σφραγίδος τῷ ἀρχετύπῳ καὶ ἰσοτύπου οὔσης, καὶ ἐν ἑαυτῇ δὲ δεικνυούσης τελείως καὶ ἀληθῶς τὴν πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου μονάδα τῆς φύσεως. ἡ γὰρ σφραγίς, ὡς καὶ ὁ χαρακτήρ, τὸ ὅμοιον καὶ ἀνόθευτον σημαίνει. 16.31 ἐπεὶ καιρὸς εἰπεῖν καὶ τὸν πατέρα μὴ ἀγενήτως καὶ ἀσυγκρίτως ἔχειν, εἴπερ ἐξεικονίζεται καὶ χαρακτηρίζεται ὑπὸ γενητοῦ καὶ ἀνομοίου. 16.32 Τὰ θεῖα ταῦτα καὶ ἑρμηνείας ἀνεπιδεᾶ λόγια μὴ συνέντες ὀρθῶς, διαστρέφοντες δὲ καὶ ἀνθρωπίνοις νοήμασι μαχόμενοι τοῖς τοῦ θεοῦ ῥήμασι φάσκουσιν· «ἄλλο θεὸς καὶ ἄλλο εἰκὼν θεοῦ, ὡς ἄλλο ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἄλλο εἰκὼν ἀνθρώ που.» 16.33 καὶ τρόπον τινὰ εἰκόνι ἀκινήτῳ τὸν ζῶντα καὶ ἐνεργὸν θεὸν λόγον ἀπεικάζουσιν. κατ' οὐσίαν δὲ καὶ κατὰ πάντα εἰκών ἐστιν ἀπλανεστάτη καὶ ἄναρχος τοῦ πατρός, καὶ οὐ κατὰ μορφὴν καὶ σχῆμα, ὡς ὁ πλαστουργηθεὶς ἢ γεγλυμμένος ἄπνους καὶ οὐκ αὐτοκίνητος ἀνδριάς, οὐδὲ κατὰ εἶδος καὶ χρῶμα, ὡς ἡ τεχνητὴ καὶ μιμητὴ ἄφωνος εἰκών. ταῦτα γὰρ οὐδὲ κατὰ φύσιν, οὐδὲ μὴν εἰς ὅλα τὰ ἄλλα ἐκφαίνουσιν τὸν πρωτότυπον. 16.34 καὶ υἱὸς μὲν γὰρ ἀνθρώπου εἰκὼν οὐσίας τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ πατρός ἐστιν· ἀλλὰ συμβαίνει παραλλάττειν ἡλικίαν ἢ εἶδος ἢ γνώμην ἢ δύναμιν ἢ ἀξίαν ἢ τὰ συναμφότερα ἢ καί τι ἕτερον. 16.35 ὁ δὲ θεὸς λόγος ἀπαραλλάκτως καὶ ἀπηκριβωμένως εἰς ὅλα τὴν ἁπλῆν καὶ ἀσύνθετον καὶ ἀποίκιλον πατρικὴν θεότητα φυσικῶς καὶ ἀνάρχως ἐξεικονίζει. 16.36 Οὐδὲ γὰρ νοεῖν ἐξόν, ὡς κατά τι θεοῦ εἰκὼν καὶ παρά τι παραλλάττει· 16.36 οὐδὲ μὴν γίνεται «ἀσυγκρίτου» εἰκών· οὐδὲ δύναται διὰ τοῦ ἀνομοίου ἢ μικροτέρου ἢ ὑπεξουσίου τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ ἀρχέτυπον καὶ μεῖζον καὶ αὐτεξούσιον καὶ ἀσύγκριτον φαίνεσθαι· οὐδ' αὖ διὰ τοῦ κτίσματος ἡ φυσικὴ μορφὴ τοῦ κτίσαντος κατανοεῖσθαι. 16.37 Οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ ἄλλη φύσις τὴν ἑτέραν ἐν ἑαυτῇ ἐπιδείκνυσιν. 16.38 Ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ εὑρίσκεται ἀνυπόστατος γεγενῆσθαι, ὅτε αἱρετικοὶ τὸν χαρακτῆρα οὐ διδόασιν ἔχειν αὐτὸν τῆς ὑποστάσεως. 16.39 ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὁ ἀόρατος καὶ ἀσύνθετος καὶ ἀσχημάτιστος θεὸς εἰκόνα ἔχει οἵαν ἐκεῖνοι ἐμφαίνουσι μιμητικήν. 16.40 Παραλύει δὲ τὰ ἐκείνων σαφῶς καὶ ἡ ἐπαγωγὴ ἔχουσα· «οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ». 16.41 περὶ δὲ φυσικῆς εἰκόνος ὑφηγεῖται καὶ Μωϋσῆς οὑτωσί· «ἐγέννησεν Ἀδὰμ τὸν Σὴθ κατὰ τὴν ἰδέαν αὐτοῦ». οὐκ ἦν δὲ ἑτεροούσιος ἀναγκαίως ὁ Σὴθ τῷ Ἀδάμ, καὶ ὅμως ἰδέαν τὴν εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν τῆς οὐσίας ἐκάλεσεν. 16.42 _̓Αλλὰ καὶ περὶ ἀνθρώπου, φησίν, γέγραπται, ὅτι ἐστίν «εἰκὼν καὶ δόξα θεοῦ». 16.43 ἀλλ' οὐδαμοῦ, ὦ οὗτοι, ἄνθρωπος ἢ ἄλλο ποίημα γέγραπται εἶναι «ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως». 16.44 ἄλλο δέ ἐστιν ἄνθρωπον εἰκόνα εἶναι θεοῦ, τουτέστιν τὸ τεχνηθὲν τοῦ τεχνησαμένου, ὡς δίφρος τοῦ τέκτονος Σολομὼν γὰρ λέγει· «ἀναλόγως τῶν κτισμάτων ὁ γενεσιουργὸς θεωρεῖται», καὶ ἄλλο ἐστὶν κατὰ τὸ σύμμορφον καὶ ταυτούσιον καὶ συνάναρχον ἀπαύγασμα εἶναι δόξης καὶ χαρακτῆρα ὑποστάσεως ἐνυπόστατον καὶ ἀψευδέστατον. 16.45 φησὶν γάρ· «ὁ ἑωρακὼς ἐμὲ ἑώρακε τὸν πατέρα». ὁ δὲ ἑωρακὼς ἄνθρωπον οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν θεόν, ὡς ὁ θεασάμενος τὸν δίφρον οὐχ ἑώρακε τὸν τέκτονα. 16.46 ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνάγκη τοῦ μόνου ἀοράτου θεοῦ μόνην ἀόρατον εἶναι ἐκείνην τὴν εἰκόνα καὶ οὐ τὸν κατ' εἰκόνα ὁρατὸν ἄνθρωπον. 16.47 Οὔτε οὖν ἄλλῳ ὅμοιός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός: γράφει γάρ· «τίς ὁμοιωθήσεται τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν υἱοῖς θεοῦ;» οὔτε τῷ ἑαυτοῦ πατρὶ ἀνόμοιος· «ἐγὼ γάρ», φησίν, «καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν». 16.48 οἱ δὲ κτιστῆς εἰκόνος ἔννοιαν ἐπὶ αὐτοῦ 16 λαμβάνοντες, ἐξομοιοῦνται τῷ Ναβουχοδονόσωρ ποιητὴν ἄψυχον εἰκόνα προσκυνεῖσθαι τυπώσαντι. 16.49 Καὶ τὸν Ἀδὰμ δὲ διὰ τὴν παρακοὴν ἐκ τοῦ παραδείσου ὁ θεὸς δικαίως ἔρριψεν· 16.50 τὸν δὲ λῃστὴν καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸν Ἀδὰμ καὶ τὸ κοινὸν ὅλον γένος ὁ υἱὸς εἰσήγαγεν, ὡς ἴσος πάντως τῇ θεότητι καὶ ἀγαθότητι καὶ δεσποτεία τῷ ῥίψαντι τυγχάνων. 16.51 Ποῦ δὲ ἐγράφη ὅτι «ἀσύγκριτος ὁ πατὴρ» πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ μονογενῆ ἢ ὅτι ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν πάντων δημιουργὸς καὶ κριτὴς κατὰ τὴν θεϊκὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ὅλων ἐξῃρημένην ἄπειρον φύσιν «κτίσμα» ἐστίν; ἢ ὅλως ὅτι ποτὲ «οὐκ ἦν»; 16.52 ἢ ποῦ ἰδικῶς ἔφη ὁ πατήρ. «ἔκτισά μοι υἱόν» ἢ ὁ υἱός·
Refutation of the Error regarding the Devil and the Trinity§16
16"Was he created by the Father?" (16.53) such a claim is alarming to hear and to utter, and must be avoided. 16.54 Truly, such things are found nowhere at all in the divine and spiritual scripture; on the contrary, when comparing himself to the Father, all the words concerning the divinity of the Only-begotten are found, showing him to be one with himself and of the same essence. 16.55 But no child, or infant, or offspring is ever spoken of regarding the eternal generation from above, which cannot be characterized at all, so that no one might imagine a small or subtle meaning in those previously sophistical blasphemies, but rather he is Son because of his perfection, his being unoriginated, and being inseparably of the same nature as the Father. 16.56 All things that are considered by some to be small regarding divinity, such as "the one who sent me is greater than I" (John 14:28) due to his philanthropic and ineffable humanity which came through us and for us, are used by the holy books. 16.57 Because of this, it is written that angels are made less, according to the apostle: "we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels, through the suffering of death" (Hebrews 2:9). 16.58 I think, though I am not entirely certain, that regarding the Father and himself, he spoke showing the goodness and consubstantiality of both: "either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad; for from the fruit" (Matthew 12:33), he says, "the tree is known."
17.1 Since those who fight against God dare to say that those with the Son and the Holy Spirit are the first creation, while Macedonius says only the Spirit, the weight of remembering such rejected and condemned sayings would fall upon the holy and consubstantial Trinity. 17.2 We will show, setting forth the divine scriptures, how the first creation of God came to be: a first creation, exalted from the heavens, was cast down like lightning, as the Creator himself saw it well and later justly cast it down in the Gospel. 17.3 He says thus according to Job: "But behold, a beast beside you eats grass like oxen; behold, its strength is in its loins, and its power is on its belly. It set its tail like a plume..." (Job 40:15).
...his nerves are woven together, his ribs are bronze, and his back is an iron vessel. This is a beginning of a creation of the Lord made to be played with by the angels.
17.4 So he makes himself to say that the devil is a first creation, being played with by the holy angels because of his unrighteousness and the evilness of his will. But the Son, having created even this one, would not, nor indeed was the Spirit of God created.
18. Concerning the Holy Trinity and that because of the sameness of essence the same names are called on both sides of the hypostases, except for the fatherhood, sonship, and the procession of the Spirit. For this is proper to each hypostasis individually. And that at times the Father, at times the Son, at times the Spirit will be preferred. And that both the triadic and the monadic is shown in the Scripture.
18.1 Therefore, from all the things said, it has been established that those things turn out to be entirely foreign to the truth. For to find things out through cleverness is the work of sophistry, but wisdom is to investigate the Scriptures with reverence and with an appropriate reception.
18.2 It is necessary, therefore, having passed over their improbable sophistries and disputes, to wash the salty things with the intelligible water of the Holy Spirit—that is to say, to show having uncovered the ears—that the Scriptures, because of the sameness of divinity, at times name one of the divine hypostases, and at times name the three, and to each of them they similarly grant the good,
18.3 as when Moses says: 'Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one' (Deut 6:4), in order to say 'one' declaring the one divinity, but through 'Lord', then 'God' and again 'Lord' signifying the Trinity, by which all cosmic and super-cosmic good has been and will be for men; and again: 'God said, let there be an expanse, and God made the expanse, and God saw that it was good' (Gen 1:6-10); it should be noted that he also names three hypostases and names each one God, and shows the harmony and the cooperation of the one speaking, the one making, and the one praising.
18.4 And again: 'God stands as protector,' he says, 'speaking to Moses, saying: Speak to Aaron and his sons: thus you shall bless Israel;...'
Greek · §16
«ἐκτίσθην ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός»; 16.53 ὅπερ ἀκούειν μήτιγε καὶ λέγειν φρικτὸν καὶ φευκτόν. 16.54 Οὐδαμοῦ μὲν οὖν παντελῶς θείας καὶ πνευματικῆς γραφῆς εὕρηται ταῦτα· τοὐναντίον δὲ συγκρίνοντος ἑαυτὸν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἐστὶν πάντα τοῦ μονογενοῦς τὰ περὶ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ ῥήματα καὶ ἑνοῦντος ἑαυτὸν καὶ ὁμότιμον ἀποφαίνοντος. 16.55 ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τέκνον ἢ παιδίον ἢ γέννημα εἴρηται πώποτε κατὰ τὴν ἄνω ἄπειρον γέννησιν ἣν οὐδὲν τὸ παράπαν χαρακτηρίσαι δύναται, ἵνα μή τι μικρὸν ἢ ὑπόνοιαν παρέχον ταῖς προλεχθείσαις αὐτῶν σεσοφισμέναις βλασφημίαις φαντασθείῃ τις, ἀλλ' υἱὸς διὰ τὸ τέλειον καὶ τὸ ἀνάρχως γεννηθῆναι καὶ τὸ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα τῆς φύσεως ἀπαράλλακτον. 16.56 Ὅλα δὲ τὰ νομιζόμενα παρά τισιν εἶναι πρὸς θεότητα μικρὰ καὶ τό «ὁ πέμψας με πατὴρ μείζων μού ἐστιν» διὰ τὴν φιλάνθρωπον καὶ ἄρρητον ἐνανθρώπησιν αὐτοῦ τὴν δι' ἡμᾶς καὶ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν γενομένην ταῖς ἱεραῖς κεχρησμῴδηται βίβλοις. 16.57 δι' ἣν καὶ ἀγγέλων ἠλαττῶσθαι γέγραπται κατὰ τὸν ἀπόστολον ἐπιστείλαντα· «τὸν δὲ βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον βλέπομεν Ἰησοῦν διὰ τὸ πάθη μα τοῦ θανάτου». 16.58 Ἐγὼ οὖν οἶμαι καὶ οὐ πάντως διασφάλλομαι, ὅτι περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἑαυτοῦ εἶπεν τὴν ἀμφοῖν δεικνὺς ἀγαθότητα καὶ ὁμοουσιότητα· «ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον καλὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ καλὸν ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον σαπρὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ σαπρόν· ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ καρποῦ», φησίν, «τὸ δένδρον γινώσκεται». 17.1 Ἐπειδὴ δὲ θεομαχοῦντες οἱ μὲν σὺν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τὸ πρῶτον κτίσμα εἶναι λέγειν τολμῶσιν, Μακεδόνιος δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα μόνον, ἐπ' ἐκείνους μὲν τὸ βάρος τοῦ ἐπιμνησθῆναι τῶν τοιούτων ἀπονενοημένων καὶ κατακρίτων ῥημάτων τρέψειεν ἡ ἁγία καὶ ὁμοούσιος τριάς, 17.2 ἡμεῖς δὲ ὑποδείξομεν τὰς θείας παρατιθέμενοι γραφὰς τὸ πρῶτον κτίσμα τοῦ θεοῦ οὕτω γεγενῆσθαι· πρῶτον κτίσμα ἐπαρθὲν ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἐρρίφη ὡς ἀστραπή, καθὰ αὐτὸς ὁ κτίσας καλῶς καὶ ὕστερον δικαίως ῥίψας ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ ἐθεώρησεν· 17.3 λέγει δὲ οὑτωσὶ παρὰ τῷ Ἰώβ· «ἀλλ' ἰδοὺ θηρίον παρά σοι χόρτον ἴσα βουσὶν ἐσθίον· ἰδού, ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ ἐν ὀσφΰι, ἡ δὲ δύναμις αὐτοῦ ἐπ' ὀμφαλοῦ γαστρός. ἔστησεν οὐρὰν ὡς κυπά ρισσον, τὰ δὲ νεῦρα αὐτοῦ συμπέπλεκται, αἱ πλευραὶ χαλκαῖ, ὁ δὲ νῶτος αὐτοῦ σιδηροῦς χυτός. τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀρχὴ πλάσματος κυρίου πεποιημένον ἐγκαταπαίζεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων». 17.4 ὥστε τὸν διάβολον πρῶτον κτίσμα εἶναι λέγει ἑαυτὸν ποιήσαντα ἐγκαταπαίζεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων διὰ τὸ ἀνόσιον αὐτοῦ καὶ κακόβουλον τῆς προαιρέσεως. οὐκ ἂν δὲ μετ' αὐτὸν ὁ υἱὸς ὁ καὶ τοῦτον δημιουργήσας οὔτε μὴν τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκτίσθη. 18.ν Περὶ τῆς ἁγίας τριάδος καὶ ὅτι διὰ τὸ ταὐτὸν τῆς οὐσίας τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπ' ἀμφο τέραις ταῖς ὑποστάσεσιν ὀνόματα λέγονται, πάρεξ τῆς πατρότητος καὶ υἱότητος καὶ τῆς ἐκπορεύσεως τοῦ πνεύματος. τοῦτο γὰρ ἴδιον ἑκάστης ὑποστάσεως ἰδίως. καὶ ὅτι ποτὲ ὁ πατήρ, ποτὲ ὁ υἱός, ποτὲ τὸ πνεῦμα προτάσ σεται. καὶ ὅτι καὶ τὸ τριαδικὸν καὶ τὸ μοναδικὸν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ δείκνυται. 18.1 Ἐκ πάντων δὴ οὖν τῶν εἰρημένων συνέστη ὡς τὰ ἐκείνων παντοίως ἀλλότρια τῆς ἀληθείας ὄντα τυγχάνει. σοφιστείας γὰρ ἔργον τὸ εὑρεσιλογεῖν, σοφίας δὲ τὸ μετ' 17 αἰδοῦς καὶ τῆς ἐναρμοττούσης ἀποδοχῆς διερευνᾶν τὰς γραφάς. 18.2 ἀναγκαῖον δὲ λοιπὸν τὰς ἀπιθάνους αὐτῶν συρφετολογίας καὶ διαμάχας παρελθόντας καὶ τῷ νοητῷ ποτίμῳ ὕδατι τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος τὰς ἁλμυράς, τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον, ἀποκλυσαμένους ἀκοὰς ἐπιδεῖξαι, ὅτιπερ αἱ γραφαὶ διὰ τὸ ταὐτὸν τῆς θεότητος ποτὲ μὲν μίαν τῶν θείων ὑποστάσεων, ποτὲ δὲ τὰς τρεῖς ὀνομάζουσιν, καὶ ἑκάστῃ αὐτῶν ὁμοίως τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἀπονέμουσιν, 18.3 ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ Μωϋσῆς· «ἄκουε, Ἰσραήλ, κύριος ὁ θεός σου κύριος εἷς ἐστιν», διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν «εἷς» δηλώσας τὴν μίαν θεότητα, διὰ δὲ τοῦ «κύριος», εἶτα «θεὸς» καὶ πάλιν «κύριος» τὴν τριάδα σημάνας, παρ' ᾗ πᾶν ἐγκόσμιον καὶ ὑπερκόσμιον ἀγαθὸν ὑπῆρξεν καὶ ὑπάρξει τοῖς ἀνθρώποις· καὶ πάλιν· «εἶπεν ὁ θεός· γενηθήτω στερέωμα, καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ στερέωμα, καὶ εἶδεν ὁ θεός, ὅτι καλόν»· σημειωτέον, ὅτι καὶ τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις καὶ ἑκάστην θεὸν ὀνομάζει καὶ τὴν συμφωνίαν καὶ τὴν συνεργίαν δείκνυσιν τοῦ εἰπόντος καὶ τοῦ ποιήσαντος καὶ τοῦ ἐπαινέσαντος. 18.4 Καὶ πάλιν· «προστάττει», φησίν, «ὁ θεὸς τῷ Μωϋσεῖ λέγων· λάλησον Ἀαρὼν καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ· οὕτως εὐλογήσετε τὸν Ἰσραήλ·
Theophany and the Unity of the Trinity§17
17“May the Lord bless you and keep you, may the Lord make his face shine upon you and have mercy on you, may the Lord lift up his face upon you and give you peace.” (Numbers 6:24-26). In order to show three persons, he did not say once: “the Lord bless you and shine upon you and give you peace,” but a third time he named him “Lord.”
And just as when a Persian prophet speaks divinely, bearing a voice from the person of the Father having such a saying: “Be strong, Zerubbabel, because I am with you; and my good word and my spirit are in your midst” (Zechariah 2:5); and Isaiah, saying that his mission has become similar to the similar ones of the self-existent substances, and in a few words indicating all their communion, cries out: “And now the Lord, the Lord has sent me and his spirit” (Isaiah 6:8). For he did not simply name a second time “Lord, Lord” and thus “his spirit,” but so that he might also show the substances and the one divinity and will.
And David also, for he himself rises by such a heading and makes all his songs full and proclaims, in what way he had faith according to these words: in Psalm 105: “Who is a god beside the Lord, and who is a god besides our God? The God who girds me with power”; in Psalm 70: “You are my God, the one who takes hold of me. My God, his mercy himself will come to my aid. My God will show me in my enemies”; in Psalm 95: “Sing to the Lord a new song, sing to the Lord, all the earth, sing to the Lord, bless his name”; for having named a third time either Lord or God, he demonstrated the Trinity.
But also Hannah, praying toward the kingdoms, called upon the Trinity saying: “Adonai, Lord, Eloi Sabaoth” (1 Samuel 2:1). For “Adonai” is interpreted with the Hebrew voice as “Lord”; and again with the Greek voice he said “Lord.” And a third time in Hebrew he said “Eloi Sabaoth,” which is: God of hosts, or of powers. And now also Elijah...
The Thessian, in the third history of kings, having prayed to revive the son of the Sidonian widow who was dead, breathed a third time into him and thus raised him up, showing not only through this that he himself in prayer called upon the life-giving Trinity, but also teaching us to believe and glorify no other way.
And encouraging the water-bearers to 'dip twice' and 'dip thrice', he indicated that the three highly-praised hypostases work equally and similarly everywhere in all things.
And if you wish, I will once again make known to you from a divine voice that which is moving. For in the book of Genesis, at the tower, God and Father spoke the blessed hypostases toward his own Son and his own Holy Spirit, saying: 'Come, let us descend and let us pour out their tongues there, so that each might not hear the voice of his neighbor' (Genesis 11:7).
And Moses, as I think, showing the equality of the Trinity, set forth one vine in three stocks, saying that this other stock is nowhere more advanced, so that no one might think this hypostasis to precede that one, but that we all believe the three are joined in one divinity.
For this reason also the God-breathed Scripture forbade making steps at the altar, in which the Trinity is glorified, so that the divine hypostases might not be defined as being men according to some sort of gradation.
And simply the Old Testament, bearing a type of the new, discourses mystically and in anticipation, rather alluding in many things than stating in one; and stating more than alluding to the mystery revealed later, so that it might neither strike the unhearing and not yet stable and receptive of theophany with a blunt blow, nor perhaps cause complete harm; for the one was of infinity, and the other of inhumanity. And often also whatever was expressed here to us obscurely,
Greek · §17
εὐλογήσαι σε κύριος καὶ φυλάξαι σε, ἐπιφάναι κύριος τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐπί σε καὶ ἐλεήσαι σε, ἐπάραι κύριος τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐπί σε καὶ δῴη σοι εἰρήνην». 18.5 ἵνα δηλώσῃ τρία πρόσωπα, οὐκ εἶπεν ἅπαξ· «κύριος εὐλογήσαι σε καὶ ἐπιφάναι σοι καὶ δῴη σοι εἰρήνην», ἀλλὰ τρίτον ὠνόμασεν «κύριον». 18.6 Καὶ ὣς ἡνίκα προφητεύουσιν Ἀγγαῖος μὲν θεόχρηστον ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ πατρὸς φέρων φωνὴν οὕτως ἔχουσαν· «ἴσχυε, Ζοροβάβελ, διότι ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι· καὶ ὁ λόγος μου ὁ ἀγαθὸς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα μου ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν»· 18.7 Ἠσαΐας δὲ ἐξ ὁμοτίμων τῶν αὐτοτελῶν ὑποστάσεων ὁμότιμον τὴν ἀποστολὴν γεγενῆσθαι λέγων καὶ ἐν ὀλίγῃ ῥήσει πᾶσαν κοινωνίαν αὐτῶν ἐνδεικνύμενος καὶ βοῶν· «καὶ νῦν κύριος κύριος ἀπέσταλκέν με καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ». 18.8 οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς δεύτερον ὠνόμασεν «κύριος κύριος» καὶ οὕτω «τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ», ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ τὰς ὑποστάσεις καὶ τὴν μίαν δηλώσῃ θεότητα καὶ θέλησιν. 18.9 ∆αυῒδ δέ καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀρήγει τῷ τοιῷδε κεφαλαίῳ καὶ ᾠδῆς ἔμπλεα πάντα ποιεῖ καὶ ἐκφαίνει, ὅπῃ πίστεως ἔσχεν κατὰ τάσδε τὰς λέξεις· ἐν μὲν ιζʹ ψαλμῷ· «τίς θεὸς πάρεξ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τίς θεὸς πλὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν; ὁ θεὸς ὁ περι ζωννύων με δύναμιν»· 18.10 ἐν δὲ νηʹ· «σὺ ὁ θεὸς ἀντιλήπτωρ μου εἶ. ὁ θεός μου, τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ αὐτοῦ προφθάσει με. ὁ θεός μου δείξει μοι ἐν τοῖς ἐχθροῖς μου». 18.11 ἐν δὲ ϟεʹ· «ᾄσατε τῷ κυρίῳ ᾆσμα καινόν, ᾄσατε τῷ κυρίῳ, πᾶσα ἡ γῆ, ᾄσατε τῷ κυρίῳ, εὐλογήσατε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ». 18.12 τρίτον γὰρ ὀνομάσας ἢ κύριον ἢ θεὸν τὴν τριάδα παρεδήλωσεν. 18.13 Ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἅννα εἰς τὰς βασιλείας προσευχομένη τὴν τριάδα ἐπεκαλέσατο εἰποῦσα· «ἀδωναί, κύριε, ἐλωεὶ σαβαώθ». 18.14 ἑρμηνεύεται γὰρ τῇ ἑβραΐδι φωνῇ τὸ «ἀδωναί»· κύριος· καὶ πάλιν ἑλλάδι φωνῇ εἶπεν «κύριος». καὶ τρίτον ἑβραϊστὶ ἔφη «ἐλωεὶ σαβαώθ», ὅπερ ἐστί· θεὲ στρατιῶν ἤτοι δυνάμεων. 18.15 ἤδη δὲ νῦν καὶ Ἠλίας ὁ Θεσβίτης ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ τῶν βασιλειῶν ἱστορίᾳ, τῆς Σιδωνίας χήρας τὸν υἱὸν νεκρὸν ὄντα ἀναβιῶναι εὐξάμενος, τρίτον ἐνεφύσησεν εἰς αὐτὸν καὶ οὕτως ἀνέστησεν, 18.16 ἐκ τούτου μονονουχὶ σημάνας, ὡς αὐτὸς ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ τὴν ζωοποιὸν ἐπεκαλέσατο τριάδα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμᾶς μὴ ἄλλως πιστεύειν καὶ δοξάζειν διδάξας. 18.17 Καὶ τοῖς ὑδροφόροις δὲ παρακελευόμενος «δισσεύσατε» καί «τρισσεύσατε», τὰς τρεῖς πανυμνήτους ὑποστάσεις ἰσοδυνάμως καὶ ὁμοτίμως πανταχοῦ ἐν πᾶσιν ἐνεργεῖν παρεδήλου. 18.18 Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε, γνώριμον ὑμῖν καὶ ἐκ θείας φωνῆς αὖθις τὸ κινούμενον ποιήσω. 18.19 ἐν γὰρ βίβλῳ γενέσεως, ἐν τῇ πυργοποιΐᾳ ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τὰς μακαρίας ὑποστάσεις ἐξέφηνεν πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ υἱὸν καὶ τὸ ἅγιον αὐτοῦ πνεῦμα εἰρηκώς· «δεῦτε καταβάντες συγχέωμεν ἐκεῖ αὐτῶν τὰς γλώσσας, ἵνα μὴ ἀκούσωσιν ἕκαστος τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ πλησίον». 18.20 Καὶ Μωϋσῆς δὲ τὴν ἰσότητα τῆς τριάδος, ὡς οἶμαι, δηλῶν ἐξέθετο μίαν ἄμπελον ἐν τρισὶ 18 πυθμέσι, τοῦτον τοῦ ἄλλου πυθμένος οὐδαμοῦ προβαθέστερον εἰρηκώς, ἵνα μή τις τὴν ὑπόστασιν ταύτην ἐκείνης προτερεύειν νομίσῃ, ἀλλὰ τὰς τρεῖς ἐν μιᾷ συντείνειν θεότητι πάντες πιστεύωμεν. 18.21 ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡ θεόπνευστος γραφὴ ἐκώλυσεν ἐν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ, ἐν ᾧ ἡ τριὰς δοξάζεται, ἀναβαθμοὺς ποιεῖν, ὥστε μὴ ὡς ἐν βαθμοῖς διορίζεσθαι ἀνθρώπους καθ' ὕφεσίν τινα εἶναι τὰς θείας ὑποστάσεις. 18.22 Καὶ ἁπλῶς ἡ παλαιὰ διαθήκη τύπον φέρουσα τῆς νέας μυστικῶς καὶ προμηθεστάτως διαλέγεται, αἰνιττομένη μᾶλλον ἐν πολλοῖς ἢ φράζουσα ἐν ταὐτῷ· καὶ φράζουσα πλέον ἤπερ αἰνισσομένη τὸ ὕστερον ἐκφανθὲν μυστήριον, ὅπως μήτε πλήξῃ τῇ ἀθρόᾳ προσβολῇ τοὺς ἀμυήτους καὶ οὔπω ὄντας σταθερούς τε καὶ δεκτικοὺς τῆς θεοπτίας, μήτε μὴν εἰς τὸ παντελὲς ζημιώσῃ· 18.23 τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἦν ἀπειρίας, τὸ δὲ ἀπανθρωπίας. 18.24 πολλάκις δὲ καὶ ἅπερ τυχὸν ἐνταῦθα ἡμῖν δυσεφίκτως ἔφρασεν,
The Goodness of the Son§18
18Through another writing the solution was provided. The new writing no longer speaks as in shadow and veil, but clearly and explicitly, as these testify: Paul, writing to the Romans: 'if indeed God is one' (Rom 3:30), and to the Galatians and Corinthians: 'God is one' (Gal 3:28; 1 Cor 8:6). And again to the Corinthians the second thing: 'the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the communion of the Holy Spirit with all of you' (1 Cor 13:13).
Here, because of the sameness of divinity, he first mentioned the Son, and so the Father, then his own Holy Spirit. And he spoke of the communion of the Holy Spirit with Father and Son of the one divinity and glory and kingship. For what other communion is there upon God? To the Ephesians: 'one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all' (Eph 4:4-6). Then to the same: 'for this reason I bend my knees to the God and Father, from whom every family is named in the heavens and on earth, so that I may give to you, according to the wealth of his glory, power to be strengthened through his own Spirit, so that the Christ may dwell in the inner man through faith in the hearts' (Eph 3:16-17).
Thus again, similarly, because of the equal dignity of the hypostases, after the Father, he first mentioned the Spirit and so the Son. And again to the Corinthians: 'I urge you also, brothers, through our Lord Jesus Christ and through the love of the Spirit, to contend with me in the prayers to God' (2 Cor 1:11).
And to the Hebrews: 'if indeed the word spoken through angels became firm, and every transgression and disobedience received just recompense, how shall we escape if we neglect so great a salvation, which having begun to speak through the Lord, was made firm to us by those having heard, God co-testifying with signs and wonders and various powers and distributions of the Holy Spirit according to his will' (Heb 2:2-4).
Through the Lord, therefore, the Son has been revealed, and through God the Father, and then also the self-determining and almighty Holy Spirit. And the Son showed the one divinity by saying: 'Why do you call me good? No one is good except one, God' (Mark 10:18), and the three equal and equal-powered hypostases...
The argument continues through the teaching regarding baptism. In 18.36, by not saying 'do not call me good' in a testing manner to the legalist, but asking 'why do you call me good?', he showed that he himself is good equal to the Father, and his goodness shines forth from the Father's goodness, being shown to be good having been born from the Good.
In 18.37, 'For if you know me to be good,' he says, 'do not entangle the teacher with the word' like 'Well done, good servant' (Luke 12:42), and like 'The good man brings good out of the good treasure of the heart' (Luke 6:45), and like 'Samuel was good with God and men' (1 Sam 2:26), and 'Saul, son of Kish, from the tribe of Benjamin, was better than all Israel by a head and above' (1 Sam 9:2), and 'The good dog lives above the dead lion' (Eccl 9:4). 'Do not withdraw from the primary Good, but recognize me as God, not another in the divinity of the Father, but in the hypostasis.'
In 18.38, for the divinity of both is one; since the first is no longer found to be a single good. 'For it was once read,' he says, 'as "It is good for you to trust in the Lord or to trust in man"' (Ps 31:23). 'For to cling to God is good.' And 'I urged you always to follow me as good and to walk after me' (Luke 9:23).
In 18.39, therefore he did not say 'No one is good except one, the Father', but 'No one is good except one, God', just as in another place he says 'Why do you call me Lord, Lord, and do not do my words?' (Luke 6:46).
In 18.40, for creation, he says, has goodness by participation, imitating, if it is permitted to say, the innate and perfect goodness of God and being saved through it. And there is an existence of that which has goodness in itself, participating in the goodness of God, clinging to Him through obedience and through love toward Him.
In 18.41, for it was written 'Those who distance themselves from you shall perish' (Ps 145:5), and 'God is far from the ungodly' (Ps 5:5), and 'Salvation is far from sinners' (Ps 34:16).
In 18.42, it is clear that this is in relation and disposition through the opposition toward the good and the degree toward virtue, but not in place.
In 18.43, since he himself is also good, being one by nature with the Good Father, he himself says in Matthew, 'Or is your eye evil because I am good?' (Matt 6:22); and again, 'Mary chose the good portion, which shall not be taken from her' (Luke 10:42). And he said 'the good portion'.
Greek · §18
δι' ἑτέρας γραφῆς τὴν λύσιν παρέσχετο. 18.25 Ἡ δὲ νέα οὔκετι ὡς ἐν σκιᾷ καὶ παραπετάσματι, ἀλλὰ σαφῶς καὶ διαρρήδην φράζει, ὡς μαρτυροῦσιν οὗτοι· 18.26 Παῦλος γράφων Ῥωμαίοις μέν· «εἴπερ εἷς ὁ θεός», Γαλάταις δὲ καὶ Κορινθίοις· «ὁ θεὸς εἷς ἐστιν». 18.27 Καὶ πάλιν δὲ Κορινθίοις τὸ δεύτερον· «ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοι νωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν». 18.28 ἐνταῦθα διὰ τὸ ταὐτὸν τῆς θεότητος πρώτου ἐμνημόνευσεν τοῦ υἱοῦ, καὶ οὕτω τοῦ πατρός, εἶτα τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος αὐτοῦ. 18.29 κοινωνίαν δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ εἶπεν τῆς μιᾶς θεότητος καὶ δόξης καὶ βασιλείας. ποία γὰρ ἄλλη ἐπὶ θεοῦ κοινωνία; 18.30 Ἐφεσίοις δέ· «εἷς κύριος, μία πίστις, ἓν βάπτισμα, εἷς θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ πάντων, ὁ ἐπὶ πάν των καὶ διὰ πάντων καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν». εἶτα τοῖς αὐτοῖς· «τούτου χάριν κάμπτω τὰ γόνατά μου πρὸς τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα, ἐξ οὗ πᾶσα πατριὰ ἐν οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς ὀνομάζεται, ἵνα δῷ ὑμῖν κατὰ τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις». 18.31 Ὧδε πάλιν ὁμοίως διὰ τὸ ἰσότιμον τῶν ὑποστάσεων μετὰ τὸν πατέρα πρώτου τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ οὕτω τοῦ υἱοῦ ἐμνημόνευσεν. 18.32 Καὶ πάλιν Κορινθίοις· «παρακαλῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ πνεύματος, συναγωνίσασθαί μοι ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ πρὸς τὸν θεόν». 18.33 Ἑβραίοις δέ· «εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι' ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος ἐγένετο βέβαιος, καὶ πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν, πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας; ἥτις ἀρχὴν λαβοῦσα λαλεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ κυρίου, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐβεβαιώθη, συνεπιμαρτυροῦντος τοῦ θεοῦ σημείοις τε καὶ τέρασιν καὶ ποικίλαις δυνάμεσιν καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου μερισμοῖς κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν». 18.34 ∆ιὰ οὖν τοῦ κυρίου δεδήλωται ὁ υἱός, διὰ δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ πατήρ, εἶτα καὶ τὸ αὐτεξούσιον καὶ παντοδύναμον τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. 18.35 Καὶ ὁ υἱὸς δὲ ἔδειξεν τὴν μὲν μίαν θεότητα διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν· «τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός», τὰς δὲ ἰσοτίμους καὶ ἰσοδυνάμους τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις διὰ τῆς περὶ τὸ βάπτισμα διδαχῆς. 18.36 μὴ εἰπὼν δὲ πειραστικῶς ἐξετάσαντι τῷ νομικῷ· μή με λέγε ἀγαθόν, ἀλλά· «τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν;», ἔδειξεν ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς ἀγαθός ἐστιν ἐν ἴσῳ τῷ πατρί, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πατρικῆς ἀγαθότητος ἐκφαίνεται ἡ αὐτοῦ, καὶ δείκνυται ἀπὸ ἀγαθοῦ ἀγαθὸς γεγεννημένος. 18.37 «εἰ γάρ», φησίν, «οἶδάς με ἀγαθόν, καὶ μὴ συμπλέκεις τῷ διδασκάλῳ τὴν λέξιν» ὡς τό· «εὖ, δοῦλε ἀγαθέ», καὶ ὡς «ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ τῆς καρδίας προφέρει τὸ ἀγαθόν», καὶ ὡς «ἀγαθὸς ἦν Σαμουὴλ μετὰ θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων», καί· «ἀγαθὸς ἦν Σαούλ, υἱὸς Κὶς ἐκ φυλῆς Βενιαμίν, ὑψηλότερος παντὸς Ἰσραὴλ ὑπὲρ ὠμίαν καὶ ἐπάνω», καί· «ἀγαθὸς κύων ὁ ζῶν ὑπὲρ τὸν λέοντα τὸν τεθνηκότα». «Μηδὲν παραιροῦ τοῦ πρωτουργοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, ἀλλ' ὡς θεόν με ἐπίγνωθι, μὴ ἄλλον τῇ θεότητι 19 τοῦ πατρός, ἀλλὰ τῇ ὑποστάσει». 18.38 μία γὰρ ἡ ἀμφοτέρων θεότης· ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι τὸ πρῶτον ἀγαθὸν ἓν εὑρίσκεται. «ἀνέγνως γάρ που», φησίν, «ὡς «ἀγαθόν σοι πεποιθέναι ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον ἢ πεποιθέναι ἐπ' ἄνθρωπον». «τὸ γὰρ προσκολλᾶσθαι τῷ θεῷ ἀγαθόν ἐστιν». καὶ ὡς ἀγαθῷ ἀκολουθεῖν μοι καὶ κατόπιν μου βαίνειν ὑμᾶς ἀεὶ προέτρεψα». 18.39 ∆ιὸ οὐκ εἶπεν μέν· «οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ πατήρ», ἀλλ' «οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός», ὡς καὶ ἐν ἄλλῳ που λέγει· «τί με λέγετε κύριε κύριε καὶ οὐ ποιεῖτε τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους;» 18.40 ἡ γὰρ κτίσις, φησίν, κατὰ μετοχὴν τὴν ἀγαθότητα ἔχει, ἀπομιμουμένη πρὸς δύναμιν τὴν ἑαυτῆς, εἰ θέμις εἰπεῖν, τὴν ἔμφυτον καὶ τελείαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἀγαθότητα καὶ δι' αὐτῆς σωζομένη. καὶ ἔστιν ὕπαρξις τοῦ ἐν αὐτῇ ἀγαθοῦ τὸ μετέχειν τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ, προσκολλωμένην αὐτῷ τῇ ὑπακοῇ καὶ τῷ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔρωτι. 18.41 ἐγράφη γὰρ ὡς «οἱ μακρύνοντες ἑαυτοὺς ἀπὸ σοῦ ἀπολοῦνται», καί· «μακρὰν ἀπέχει ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ ἀσεβῶν», καὶ «μακρὰν ἀπὸ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἡ σωτηρία». 18.42 δῆλον δέ, ὡς σχέσει καὶ διαθέσει διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐναντίωσιν καὶ τὸ πρὸς ἀρετὴν βράδος, ἀλλ' οὐ τόπῳ. 18.43 Ὅτι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀγαθός ἐστιν, ἅτε φύσει τῷ ἀγαθῷ πατρὶ ὑπάρχων ἕν, αὐτός τε ἐν Ματθαίῳ λέγει· «ἢ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἀγαθός εἰμι;» καὶ πάλιν· «Μαρία τὴν ἀγαθὴν μερίδα ἐξελέξατο, ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀπ' αὐτῆς.» ἔλεγεν δέ «ἀγαθὴν μερίδα»
Scriptural Proofs for the Trinity§19
19Himself. And they preach by the Spirit. They are not visible men, but they have conversed greatly with the divine Spirit. And these are among the others of their company: the Psalmist in a certain Psalm says: 'Give thanks to the Lord, for He is good' (Ps 106:1). And in the same: 'Let all who fear the Lord say, that He is good' (Ps 135:3). And Jeremiah lamented: 'The Lord is good to those who wait for Him, to the soul seeking Him' (Lam 3:25). And Isaiah: 'The Lord is a good judge to the house of Israel' (Isa 30:18).
Because also the Holy Spirit of God is good, the one mentioned by David in Psalm 143 says: 'Your good Spirit shall lead me in a level land' (Ps 143:10). In addition to these, if the eternal life and the words of the Son are good—for He said: 'I am the life' (John 14:6), and again: 'The words which I have spoken to you are spirit and are life' (John 6:64)—and if the sanctification of the Holy Spirit and the energy in the illumination are good (for it is remembered as a co-worker), and also the distribution of the heavenly gifts, then the Son and the Holy Spirit are in every way good.
We were not taught by hearing alone, but we have also seen how the distinct properties of the hypostases of the incorrupt and consubstantial Trinity enter in: of the Father from heaven saying: 'This is my beloved Son' (Matt 3:17), of His Only-begotten being baptized on earth, and of His one and only Holy Spirit descending in the form of a dove and remaining upon Him, the Only-begotten God and Son. For a Davidic treasure is confirmed in this Psalm, that the one incarnated from among our wombs was attested as Son by God the Father. And the word is known to all, having here: 'Truth has risen up from the earth, righteousness has bowed down from the heavens' (Ps 85:11).
Likewise, because there is no difference in deity, the words sometimes manifest the Father with the Son in the awesome and unblemished Trinity, as when David says: 'The Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand' (Ps 110:1), and Paul: 'Grace to you and peace from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ' (Rom 1:7). And sometimes they join the Father with the Holy Spirit, as when Haggai prophesies: 'For I am with you, says the Lord of hosts, and my Spirit has stood in the midst' (Hag 2:4).
"of you", and again: "not in great power nor in strength, but in my spirit," says the Lord Almighty (Zechariah 4:6). It must be applied to the word. For since the heretics, while the Spirit is being mentioned with the Father, claim that an unsubstantial power is being shown, the preceding word stands securely. And Isaiah: "and now the Lord has sent me and his spirit" (Isaiah 11:3); and again: "there the deer met and gave each other their faces. In number they came, and not one of them perished. The one did not seek the other, because the Lord commanded them and his spirit gathered them together" (Isaiah 65:23).
And Paul to the Corinthians: "do you not know that you are the temple of God and the spirit of God dwells in you" (1 Corinthians 3:16), and again: "the love of God is poured out in your hearts through the holy spirit" (Romans 5:5), and again: "but God has revealed to us through his spirit" (1 Corinthians 2:10). At other times they name only the Son, as when Isaiah prophesies: "and now, Lord, you are our Father, and we are all works of clay of your hands" (Isaiah 64:8); and Paul to the Galatians: "for as many as were baptized into Christ, have clothed themselves with Christ" (Galatians 3:27).
At other times they proclaim the only-begotten with the holy spirit, as when Paul writes to the Corinthians: "but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ and in the spirit of our God" (1 Corinthians 6:11), to the Romans: "I say the truth in Christ, I do not lie, my conscience bearing witness to me in the holy spirit" (Romans 2:15), and again: "for if indeed the one coming preaches another Jesus, whom we did not preach, or you receive another spirit, which you did not receive" (2 Corinthians 11:4).
And at other times he reminds us of the holy spirit, as when Isaiah prophesies: "they rebelled and provoked the holy spirit" (Isaiah 63:10), and again: "a spirit came down from the Lord and led them" (Isaiah 48:16); and Paul writes to the Corinthians: "but a natural man does not receive the things of the spirit of God" (1 Corinthians 2:14). And just as Stephen declares in the Acts: "you resist the holy spirit" (Acts 7:51), and again: "we are witnesses of these words and the holy spirit" (Acts 22:52), just as we have become accustomed to say: "we alone are here and God is also."
Greek · §19
ἑαυτόν. 18.44 καὶ συνεξαγγέλλουσιν πνεύματι. ἀφανεῖς ἄνδρες, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα προσομιλήσαντες τῷ θεϊκῷ πνεύματι. 18.45 οἱ δέ εἰσιν μεταξὺ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν συνοπαδῶν αὐτοῖς οὗτοι· ὁ ἱεροψάλτης ἐν ριζʹ ψαλμῷ· «ἐξομολογεῖσθε τῷ κυρίῳ, ὅτι ἀγαθός». καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ· «εἰπάτωσαν δὴ πάντες οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν κύριον ὅτι· ἀγαθός». καὶ Ἰερεμίας ἐθρήνει· «ἀγαθὸς κύριος τοῖς ὑπομένουσιν αὐτόν, ψυχῇ ἐκζητούσῃ αὐτόν». 18.46 καὶ Ἠσαίας· «κύριος κριτὴς ἀγαθὸς τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραήλ». 18.47 Ὅτι δὲ καὶ τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἀγαθὸν ὑπάρχει, ὁ μνημονευθεὶς ∆αυῒδ ἐν κδʹ ψαλμῷ μελῳδεῖ· «τὸ πνεῦμά σου τὸ ἀγαθὸν ὁδηγήσει με ἐν γῇ εὐθείᾳ». 18.48 πρὸς δὴ τούτοις, εἰ ἀγαθόν ἐστιν ἡ αἰώνιος ζωή, καὶ τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ υἱοῦ. ἔφη γάρ· «ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ζωή», καὶ πάλιν· «τὰ ῥήματα, ἃ λελάληκα ὑμῖν, πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν». καὶ εἰ ἀγαθὸν «τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ὁ ἁγιασμός» καὶ ἡ ἐν τῇ φωτίσματι ἐνέργεια– συμμνημονεύεται γὰρ ὡς συνεργόν–, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἡ διανομὴ τῶν οὐρανίων δωρημάτων, πάντως ἀγαθὸς ὁ υἱὸς καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. 18.49 Οὐκ ἀκοῇ δὲ μόνον ἐδιδάχθημεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα, ὡς ἐγχωρεῖ, τῆς σεπτῆς καὶ ὁμοουσίου τριάδος τὸ ἰδικὸν τῶν ὑποστάσεων· 18.50 τοῦ μὲν πατρὸς ἐξ οὐρανῶν λέγοντος· «οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός», τοῦ δὲ μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ γῆς βαπτιζομένου, τοῦ δὲ ἑνὸς καὶ μόνου ἁγίου πνεύματος αὐτοῦ κατιόντος ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς καὶ μένοντος ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὸν μονογενῆ θεὸν καὶ υἱόν. 18.51 καὶ ∆αυϊτικὸν γὰρ θησαύρισμα ἐν πδʹ τοῦτο πιστοῦται ψαλμῷ, ὅτι ὁ σαρκωθεὶς ἐκ τῶν γηΐνων ἡμῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἐμαρτυρεῖτο υἱός. γνώριμος δὲ πᾶσιν ὁ λόγος ἔχων ὧδε· «ἀλήθεια ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἀνέτειλεν, δικαιοσύνη ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν διέκυψεν». 18.52 Ὁμοίως διὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι διαφορὰν θεότητος τῇ φρικτῇ καὶ ἀχράντῳ τριάδι ποτὲ τὸν πατέρα μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἐκφαίνουσι τὰ λόγια, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ ∆αυῒδ μέν· «εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου· κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου», Παῦλος δέ· «χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ». ποτὲ δὲ τὸν πατέρα μετὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος συνάπτουσιν, ὡς ὅταν Ἀγγαῖος προφητεύῃ· «διότι ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι, λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐφέστηκεν ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν», καὶ πάλιν· «οὐκ ἐν δυνάμαι μεγάλῃ οὐδὲ ἐν ἰσχύι, ἀλλ' ἢ ἐν πνεύματί μου, εἶπεν κύριος παντοκράτωρ». 18.53 Ἐγχρονιστέον τῷ ῥητῷ. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔστιν ὅτε οἱ ἑτερόδοξοι, τοῦ πνεύματος σὺν τῷ πατρὶ μνημονευομένου, φασὶν ἀνυπόστατον δύναμίν τινα δηλοῦσθαι, ἠσφαλισμένως ἔχει τὸ προκείμενον ῥητόν. 18.54 Καὶ Ἠσαΐας· «καὶ νῦν κύριος ἀπέσταλκέν με καὶ τὸ 20 πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ»· καὶ πάλιν· «ἐκεῖ συνήντησαν ἔλαφοι καὶ ἔδοσαν τὰ πρόσωπα ἀλλήλων. ἀριθμῷ παρ ήλθοσαν καὶ μία αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀπώλετο. ἑτέρα τὴν ἑτέραν οὐκ ἐζήτησαν, διότι κύριος ἐνετείλατο αὐταῖς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ συνήγαγεν αὐτάς» 18.55 Παῦλος δὲ Κορινθίοις· «οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι ναὸς θεοῦ ἐστε καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν,» καὶ πάλιν· «ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκέχυται ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου», καὶ πάλιν· «ἡμῖν δὲ ἀπεκάλυψεν ὁ θεὸς διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ». 18.56 Ἄλλοτε δὲ μόνον τὸν υἱὸν ὀνομάζουσιν, ὡς ἡνίκα Ἠσαΐας προφητεύῃ· «καὶ νῦν, κύριε, πατὴρ ἡμῶν σύ, ἡμεῖς δὲ πηλὸς ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σου πάντες», Παῦλος δὲ Γαλάταις· «ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε, Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε». 18.57 Ἄλλοτε σὺν τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι τὸν μονογενῆ κηρύττουσιν, ὡς ὅταν Παῦλος Κορινθίοις μὲν ἐπιστέλλῃ· «ἀλλὰ ἀπελούσασθε, ἀλλ' ἡγιάσθητε, ἀλλ' ἐδικαιώθητε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν», 18.58 Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «ἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι, συμμαρτυρούσης μοι τῆς συνει δήσεώς μου ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ», 18.59 καὶ πάλιν· «εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν κηρύσσει, ὃν οὐκ ἐκηρύξαμεν, ἢ πνεῦμα ἕτερον λαμβάνετε, ὃ οὐκ ἐλάβετε». 18.60 Καὶ ἄλλοτε τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος καταμόνας ἐπιμέμνηται, ὡς ὁπόταν Ἠσαΐας μὲν προφητεύῃ· «αὐτοὶ ἠπείθησαν καὶ παρώξυναν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον», καὶ πάλιν· «κατέβη πνεῦμα παρὰ κυρίου καὶ ὡδήγησεν αὐτούς»· 18.61 Παῦλος δὲ Κορινθίοις γράφει· «σαρκικὸς δὲ ἄνθρωπος οὐ δέχεται τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ». 18.62 καὶ ὣς Στέφανος ἐν ταῖς πράξεσι φάσκει· «ὑμεῖς τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε», καὶ πάλιν· «ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον» καθὰ ὡς ἐπίπαν εἰώθαμεν λέγειν· «ἡμεῖς μόνοι ἐνταῦθά ἐσμεν καὶ ὁ θεός.»
The Unity of the Trinity and the Vision of Isaiah§20
20And the Savior alone mentions the divine Spirit according to John, saying: 'But when He comes, that Spirit of truth, He will guide you into all the truth' (John 16:13).
And the deeds likewise testify to this: 'And while Peter was deliberating concerning the word, the Holy Spirit said to him, Stand up, go down, and walk with them without any hesitation, because I have sent them' (Acts 10:19); and again: 'These things the Holy Spirit says: Set apart for me Paul and Barnabas for the work, whom I have called' (Acts 13:2); and again the Holy Spirit said to Peter: 'Stand up, go' (Acts 10:33) to the house of Cornelius.
And again the apostolic deeds, being elegant, provide a demonstration by such a word; for they contain: 'Then Paul, having been filled with the Holy Spirit, said to him' (Acts 13:9), and also: 'For Peter, having been filled with the Holy Spirit, said to the people' (Acts 11:5).
Similarly, the equal-balance and equal-power of the all-divine hypostases is signified, and in the Word, the Lord God, through His most-praised voice having been foretold for the baptism, the equal-honor to Himself and to the Holy Spirit for keeping the relation toward the Father; through which the holy books sometimes first mention the Father and thus the Son or the Holy Spirit, and sometimes first remember the Son because of the indivisibility of nature and the indistinguishability of theology; as when Job declares the Trinity boldly: 'The Lord lives, who has thus judged me, and the Almighty, who has afflicted my soul; indeed, my breath is still remaining, but a divine spirit surrounds me in my nostrils' (Job 5:14). He says that He is the one making alive with a Holy Spirit and still breathing, making it so.
And as when Paul writes to the Thessalonians the second time: 'And our Lord Jesus Christ himself and God and Father will exhort your hearts' (1 Thess 3:11), and to the Galatians: 'Paul, an apostle, not from man nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father' (Gal 1:1), and to the Corinthians, as is previously stated: 'The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and Father and the communion of the Holy Spirit' (2 Cor 13:13).
And the Savior says: 'We will come, I and the Father, and we will make a dwelling with Him alone' (John 14:21).
First they name the Holy Spirit, and then the Father or the Son, as when David sings: 'Where shall I go from your spirit, and from your face where shall I flee?' (Ps 139:7). And Job, showing his good conscience, says: 'A divine spirit made me, and the breath of the Almighty teaches me' (Job 32:8). And as Paul writes in the first epistle to the Corinthians: 'There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit; and diversities of ministries, but the same Lord; and diversities of operations, but the same God who works all in all' (1 Cor 12:4-6). Sometimes they speak homonymously concerning two hypostases, as when Zechariah says: 'The Lord said to the devil: The Lord will rebuke you, devil' (Zech 3:1). And it was shown more clearly through many examples.
Concerning what has now been said about the Father, sometimes it is said about the Son or about the Holy Spirit because the Trinity exists in one divinity. In one single divinity, the hierophants, knowing the glorious Trinity and its theology being common, sometimes speak about the Father, sometimes others about the Son or about the Holy Spirit, not opposing one another, but because we also know this very thing to be the opportune part of the right faith; and just as whatever hypostasis we remember from everything, we also received the other with faith, as inseparable.
But it is necessary for the truthful ones, who deny the truth of glory, to be truthful in teaching the simple and truly true, that is, the goodness of God. For they say it is not right for the impure to touch the pure; but those were pure and strangers to all false glory. And we shall find this immediately in the theophany which Isaiah saw. And why not first mention the whole of that place as it is?
So he says: 'I saw the Lord Sabaoth sitting upon a high and exalted throne, and the house was full of his glory. And seraphim were standing around him; six wings to the one and six wings to the one; with two wings they covered the faces, with two they covered the feet, and with two they were flying; and one was crying to another: Holy, holy' (Isa 6:1-3).
Greek · §20
18.63 καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ δὲ παρ' Ἰωάννῃ μόνου μνημονεύει τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος λέγων· «ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ἐκεῖνος, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὁδηγήσει ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἀλήθειαν πᾶσαν». 18.64 καὶ αἱ πράξεις ὡσαύτως περὶ τούτου πιστοῦνται· «τοῦ δὲ Πέτρου διανοουμένου περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος εἶπεν αὐτῷ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον· ἀναστὰς κατάβηθι καὶ πορεύου σὺν αὐτοῖς μηδὲν διακρινόμενος, διότι ἐγὼ ἀπέσταλκα αὐτούς», καὶ πάλιν· «τάδε λέγει τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον· ἀφορίσατέ μοι τὸν Παῦλον καὶ τὸν Βαρνά βαν εἰς τὸ ἔργον, ὁ προσκέκλημαι αὐτούς». καὶ πάλιν Πέτρῳ εἶπεν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα· «ἀναστὰς πορεύθητι» εἰς τὸν οἶκον Κορνηλίου. 18.65 καὶ αὖθις κομψευόμεναι αἱ ἀποστολικαὶ πράξεις διατριβὴν παρέχουσιν τῷ τοιῷδε λόγῳ· περιέχουσιν γάρ· «τότε ὁ Παῦλος πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν», καὶ ἔτι· «ὁ γὰρ Πέτρος πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου εἶπεν πρὸς τὸν λαόν». 18.66 Σημαίνεται δὲ ὁμοίως τὸ ἰσόρροπον καὶ ἰσοδύναμον τῶν παντίμων ὑποστάσεων καὶ ἐν τῷ τὸν δεσπότην θεὸν λόγον διὰ τῆς προλεχθείσης αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ βάπτισμα πανυμνήτου φωνῆς τὴν ἰσοτιμίαν ἑαυτῷ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι τὴν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα φυλάξαι· 18.67 δι' ἣν αἱ ἱεραὶ βίβλοι ποτὲ μὲν πρώτου μέμνηνται τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ οὕτω τοῦ υἱοῦ ἢ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, ποτὲ δὲ πρώτου ἐπιμέμνηνται τοῦ υἱοῦ διὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἀμέριστον καὶ τῆς θεολογίας τὸ ἀδιάφορον, 18.68 ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ Ἰὼβ τρανῶς τὴν τριάδα δηλῶν· 18.68 «ζῇ κύριος, ὃς οὕτω με κέκρικεν, καὶ ὁ παντοκράτωρ ὁ πικράνας μου τὴν ψυχήν· ἦ μὴν ἔτι τῆς πνοῆς μου ἐνούσης, πνεῦμα δὲ θεῖον τὸ περιόν μοι ἐν ῥισίν». τὸ ζωοποιοῦν με ἅγιον πνεῦμά φησιν καὶ ἀναπνέειν ἔτι ποιοῦν. 18.69 καὶ ὡς ἡνίκα Παῦλος Θεσσαλονικεῦσι τὸ δεύτερον γράφει· «αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς καὶ ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ παρακαλέσει ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας», καὶ Γαλάταις· «Παῦλος ἀπόστολος οὐκ ἀπ' ἀνθρώπου οὐδὲ δι' ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ πατρός», καὶ Κορινθίοις, ὡς προείρηται· «ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος». 18.70 καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ δέ φησιν· «ἐλευσόμεθα ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ 21 ποιήσομεν». 18.71 Ποτὲ δὲ πρῶτον τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ὀνομάζουσιν, μετέπειτα δὲ τὸν πατέρα ἢ τὸν υἱόν, ὡς ὅταν ∆αυῒδ ψάλλῃ· «ποῦ πορευθῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός σου, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου σου ποῦ φύγω;» 18.72 καὶ ὁ Ἰὼβ τὸ εὔγνωμον δεικνὺς φάσκει· «πνεῦμα θεῖον τὸ ποιῆσάν με, πνοὴ δὲ παντοκράτορος ἡ διδάσκουσά με». 18.73 καὶ ὣς Παῦλος ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ Κορινθίοις γράφει· «διαιρέσεις δὲ χαρισμάτων εἰσίν, τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα· καὶ διαιρέσεις διακονι ῶν εἰσιν, ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς κύριος· καὶ διαιρέσεις ἐνεργημάτων εἰσίν, ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς θεὸς ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν». 18.74 Ποτὲ δὲ περὶ δύο ὑποστάσεων διαλέγονται ὁμωνύμως, ὡς ὅτε Ζαχαρίας λέγει· «εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς τὸν διάβολον· ἐπιτιμήσει κύριος ἐν σοί, διάβολε». 18.75 Καὶ ἀνωτέρω ἐδείχθη διὰ πλειόνων. 19.ν Περὶ τοῦ τὸ νῦν λεχθὲν περὶ τοῦ πατρός, ἄλλοτε περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ εἰρῆσθαι ἢ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος διὰ τὸ ἐν μιᾷ θεότητι τὴν τριάδα ὑπάρχειν. 19.1 Ἐν μιᾷ τοιγαροῦν θεότητι οἱ ἱεροφάνται τὴν ἔνδοξον τριάδα ἐπιστάμενοι καὶ τὴν θεολογίαν αὐτῆς ἐπίκοινον οὖσαν, ὅπερ νῦν εἰρήκασι περὶ τοῦ πατρός, ἄλλοτε ἄλλοι περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἢ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος διαγορεύουσιν, οὐκ ἐναντιούμενοι ἑαυτοῖς, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ καὶ ἡμᾶς εἰδέναι τοῦτό τε αὐτὸ τῆς ὀρθῆς πίστεως τὸ καίριον· καὶ ὡς, οἵας δ' ἂν ὑποστάσεως ἐπιμνησθῶμεν ἐκ παντός, καὶ τὴν ἄλλην τῇ πίστει συνανελάβομεν, ἅτε ἀχώριστον. 19.2 ἀψευδεῖν δὲ ἀνάγκη τοὺς ἀψευδεῖς ὑποφήτας θεοῦ καὶ δόξης ἀρνουμένης τὴν ἀλήθειαν καθαροὺς τοὺς τὴν ἁπλῆν καὶ ὄντως ἀλήθειαν, τουτέστιν τὴν ἀγαθότητα, τοῦ θεοῦ διδάσκοντας. 19.3 μὴ καθαροῖς γὰρ καθαρῶν ἐφάπτεσθαι μὴ οὐχὶ θεμιτόν φασιν· οἱ δὲ ἦσαν καθαροὶ καὶ πάσης ψευδοδοξίας ἀλλότριοι. 19.4 Εὑρήσομεν δὲ τοῦτο εὐθὺς εἰς τὴν θεοπτίαν, ἣν ἐθεάσατο Ἠσαΐας. τί δὲ μὴ πρῶτον ὅλου ἐκείνου ὡς ἔχει μνημονεύσω τοῦ χωρίου; 19.5 λέγει οὖν· «εἶδον τὸν κύριον Σαβαὼθ καθήμενον ἐπὶ θρόνου ὑψηλοῦ καὶ ἐπηρμένου, καὶ πλήρης ὁ οἶκος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ. καὶ σεραφὶμ εἱστήκει σαν κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ· ἓξ πτέρυγες τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ ἓξ πτέρυγες τῷ ἑνί· καὶ ταῖς μὲν δυσὶ πτέρυξι κατεκάλυπτον τὰ πρόσωπα, ταῖς δὲ δυσὶ τοὺς πόδας, ταῖς δὲ δυσὶν ἐπέταντο· καὶ ἔκραζον ἕτερος πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον· ἅγιος ἅγιος
Isaiah's Vision and Scriptural Witnesses§21
21“Holy Lord of Sabaoth, the heaven is full of his glory and all the earth.” (Isa 6:3). He also speaks of other things: “He said to me: say to the people: by hearing you shall hear and you shall not understand, and seeing you shall see and you shall not perceive. For the heart of this people has become thick, and with their ears they have heard heavily and their eyes they have blinded, lest they see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and turn and I might heal them.” (Isa 6:9-10). And among others he brings forward: “and the king Lord Sabaoth I saw with my eyes. And he was sent to one of the seraphim” (Isa 6:1-2) and the following.
Having seen thus the Lord Sabaoth and king, Isaiah knew that this one is God the Father (Isa 6:5). And Paul in the book of the Acts of the Apostles, finding the Holy Spirit to be, declared thus, interjecting: “The Holy Spirit spoke well to your fathers through Isaiah the prophet, saying: Go to this people and say to him: by hearing you shall hear and you shall not understand” (Acts 28:25) and the following, as it is written. And John in the Gospel distinguished the Son of God to be. For he said: “Because he has made so many signs, they were not able to believe, since Isaiah said: He has blinded their eyes and made heavy their heart, so that they might not see with their eyes and understand with their heart and turn and I might heal them” (John 2:23). And immediately he brings forward: “And Isaiah said these things when he seen his glory,” (Isa 6:1) that is, of the Son of God. These things indeed are somewhat about these matters.
But hear also other things of the same power, of David in Psalm 95, singing from the person of God the Father with the lyre thus: “Your fathers tested me and saw my works for forty years. Therefore I was vexed with this generation and said: They always err in heart. But they did not know my roads. As I swore in my anger: they shall not enter into my rest” (Ps 95:7-11). Paul, writing to the Hebrews from the same psalm by the Holy Spirit, clarifies this way: “As it was said,” he says, “the Holy Spirit: Today if you hear my voice, do not harden your hearts, as in the rebellion on the day of temptation, in which your fathers tested me and saw my works for forty years” (Heb 3:7-8). And Stephen, in the Acts, spoke to the Jews from the same threatening scripture: “Stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit, just as your fathers and you do” (Acts 7:51). Similarly, Moses says that the Hebrews were led out of Egypt in Deuteronomy: “For the Lord,” he says, “was alone with them, and” (Deut 32:6).
Greek · §21
ἅγιος κύριος Σαβαώθ, πλήρης ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ πᾶσα ἡ γῆ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ». 19.6 Καὶ μεθ' ἕτερά φησιν· «εἶπέν μοι· εἰπὲ τῷ λαῷ· ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε, καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε. ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν αὐτῶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν, μήποτε ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς». 19.7 καὶ μεταξὺ ἄλλων ἐπιφέρει· «καὶ τὸν βασιλέα κύριον Σαβαὼθ εἶδον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου. καὶ ἀπεστάλη πρὸς μὲ ἓν τῶν σεραφίμ» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. 19.8 Τὸν ὀφθέντα τοίνυν κύριον Σαβαὼθ καὶ βασιλέα Ἠσαΐας μὲν οὗτος αὐτὸν τὸν θεὸν πατέρα εἶναι οἶδεν. 19.9 Παῦλος δὲ ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῶν ἀποστολικῶν πράξεων τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τυγχάνειν ὂν ἀπεφήνατο τοιῶσδε ἀνειπών· «καλῶς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· πορεύθητι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον καὶ εἰπὲ αὐτῷ· ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, ὡς πρόκειται. 19.10 Ἰωάννης δὲ ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι διωρίσατο. ἔφη γάρ· «τοσαῦτα σημεῖα πεποιηκότος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ οὐκ ἐδύναντο πιστεύειν, ὅτι εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας· τετύφλωκεν αὐτῶν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ ἐπήρωσεν αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν, ἵνα μὴ ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς καὶ νοήσωσιν τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ ἐπι στρέψωσιν καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς». καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπάγει· «ταῦτα δὲ εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας, ὅτε εἶδεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ», τουτέστιν τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ περὶ τούτων ὧδέ πῃ. 19.11 Ἄκουε δὲ καὶ ἕτερα τῆς αὐτῆς δυνάμεως, τοῦ ∆αυῒδ ἐν ψαλμῷ ϟδʹ ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς ᾄσαντος τῇ λύρᾳ τοιῶσδε· «ἐπείρασάν με οἱ 22 πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ εἶδον τὰ ἔργα μου τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη. διὸ προσώχθισα τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ καὶ εἶπον· ἀεὶ πλανῶνται τῇ καρδίᾳ. αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰς ὁδούς μου. ὣς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου· εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου». 19.12 Παῦλος Ἑβραίοις γράφων ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ψαλμοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος διορίζεται τόνδε τὸν τρόπον· «καθὼς εἶπεν», φησίν, «τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον· σήμερον ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούσητε, μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, οὗ ἐπείρασάν με οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ εἶδον τὰ ἔργα μου τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη». 19.13 καὶ Στέφανος εἰς τὰς ἀποστολικὰς πράξεις τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐντρέπων γραφῆς ἔφη· «σκληροτράχηλοι καὶ ἀπερίτμητοι τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν, ὑμεῖς ἀεὶ τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε, ὡς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ ὑμεῖς». 19.14 Ὁμοίως δὲ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ὡδηγηκέναι τοὺς Ἑβραίους ὁ μὲν Μωϋσῆς κύριον λέγει. ἐν τῷ δευτερονομίῳ· «κύριος γάρ», φησίν, «μόνος ἦγεν αὐτούς, καὶ
Refuting the distinction of substance through Scripture§22
22"...and God was not a stranger among them." Jeremiah likewise says: "And you have not said, 'Where is the Lord, the one who brought you up from the land of Egypt, the one who guided you in the wilderness?'" (Jeremiah 2:19). Isaiah says that the Holy Spirit has guided: "For He led them through the deep, as a horse through the desert without tiring, and as livestock through a field, a spirit came from the Lord and guided them." (Isaiah 43:16). And Paul teaches that Christ has become their guide: "For they drank from a spiritual following rock, and the rock was Christ." (1 Corinthians 10:4). To this, Jude also writes universally: "For once the Lord Jesus, having saved a people out of Egypt, a second time destroyed those who did not believe in Him." (Jude 1:5).
There, therefore, the attempt of those who call the seventh Son and the Divine Spirit a creature is twice refuted, as is the use of 'another hypostasis' as a pretext to mark the one infinite nature as being different, and the claim that 'God was not a stranger among them,' that is to say, of a different substance. In the same manner Moses says: "There shall be no inheritance or lot for the Levites in the land; the Lord Himself is their inheritance." (Numbers 18:20). And Jeremiah says: "He who formed all things is Himself the inheritance of Jacob; the Lord is His name." (Jeremiah 10:7). And David says in the 14th Psalm: "The Lord is the portion of my inheritance and of my cup." (Psalm 16:5).
Paul also writes to the Ephesians that the Holy Spirit is the inheritance: "In whom," he says, "having believed, we were sealed with the Spirit of the promise, the Holy Spirit, who is the pledge of our inheritance." (Ephesians 1:13-14). Similarly, Paul writes to the Corinthians: "There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit; and there are diversities of ministries, but the same Lord; and there are diversities of activities, but the same God who works all things in all." (1 Corinthians 12:4-11).
By demonstrating the identity of the Divinity, He recalls not only the Spirit first, then the Son, and thus the Father, but also, having just said that God works all things, He leads into: "And all these things works the one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to each one individually as He wills." (1 Corinthians 12:11). He clearly and explicitly presents Him as God, consubstantial with the Father and the Son at once, and as self-determining. One has heard also of God and the Father from Isaiah saying...
Greek · §22
οὐκ ἦν μετ' αὐτῶν θεὸς ἀλ λότριος». 19.15 καὶ ὁ Ἱερεμίας ὡσαύτως· «καὶ οὐκ εἴπατε», φησίν, «ποῦ ἔστιν κύριος ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ὑμᾶς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπ του, ὁ καθοδηγήσας ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ;» 19.16 Ὁ δέ γε Ἠσαΐας τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ὡδηγηκέναι λέγει· «ἤγαγεν γάρ», φησίν, «αὐτοὺς διὰ ἀβύσσου ὡς ἵππον δι' ἐρήμου καὶ οὐκ ἐκοπίασαν, καὶ ὡς κτήνη διὰ πεδίου κατέβη πνεῦμα παρὰ κυρίου καὶ ὡδήγη σεν αὐτούς». 19.17 Ὁ δὲ Παῦλος ὁδηγὸν αὐτῶν τὸν Χριστὸν γεγενῆσθαι διδάσκει· «ἔπινον γάρ», φησίν, «ἐκ πνευματικῆς ἀκολουθούσης πέτρας, ἡ δὲ πέτρα ἦν ὁ Χριστός». 19.18 ᾧ συνῳδὰ καὶ Ἰούδας καθολικῶς γράφει· «ἅπαξ γὰρ κύριος Ἰησοῦς λαὸν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου σώσας, δεύτερον τοὺς μὴ πισ τεύσαντας αὐτῷ ἀπώλεσεν». 19.19 Ἐνταῦθα οὖν διπλῶς ἀναιρεῖται ἡ ἐπιχείρησις τῶν λεγόντων κτίσμα τὸν σεπτὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸ θεϊκὸν πνεῦμα, ἀπό τε τοῦ περὶ ἑκατέρας ὑποστάσεως κεχρησμῳδῆσθαι τὰ τὴν ἄπειρον μίαν φύσιν κατασημαίνοντα, ἀπό τε τοῦ παρακεῖσθαι ὅτι «οὐκ ἦν μετ' αὐτῶν θεὸς ἀλλότριος», τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἑτεροούσιος. 19.20 Τὸν ἴσον τρόπον Μωϋσῆς μὲν λέγει· «οὐκ ἔσται μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος τοῖς Λευίταις ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· κύριος αὐτὸς μερὶς αὐτῶν». Ἱερεμίας δέ· «ὁ πλάσας», φησίν, «τὰ πάντα αὐτὸς κληρονομία τοῦ Ἰακώβ. κύριος ὄνομα αὐτῷ». ∆αυῒδ δὲ ἐν ιεʹ ψαλμῷ· «κύριος μερὶς τῆς κληρονομίας μου καὶ τοῦ ποτηρίου μου». 19.21 Ὁ δέ γε Παῦλος τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τὴν κληρονομίαν εἶναι Ἐφεσίοις ἐπιστέλλει· «ἐν ᾧ», φησίν, «πιστεύσαντες ἐσφραγίσθημεν τῷ πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τῷ ἁγίῳ, ὅ ἐστιν ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν». 19.22 ὁμοίως Παῦλος Κορινθίοις γράφει· «διαιρέσεις δὲ χαρισμάτων εἰσίν, τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα· καὶ διαιρέσεις διακονι ῶν εἰσιν, καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς κύριος· καὶ διαιρέσεις ἐνεργημάτων εἰσιν, ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς θεὸς ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν». 19.23 δεικνὺς δὲ τὴν ταυτότητα τῆς θεότητος οὐ μόνον ἐνταῦθα πρώτου ἐπιμέμνηται τοῦ πνεύματος, εἶτα τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ οὕτω τοῦ πατρός, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ νῦν εἰρηκὼς τὸν θεὸν τὰ πάντα ἐνεργεῖν, μετ' ὀλίγον ἐπάγει· «ταῦτα δὲ πάντα ἐνεργεῖ τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα διαιροῦν ἰδίᾳ ἑκάστῳ, καθὼς βούλεται», 19.24 σαφῶς καὶ διαρρήδην αὐτὸ θεὸν ὁμοούσιον τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ ἅμα καὶ αὐτεξούσιον παριστῶν. 19.25 Ἔστιν ἀκοῦσαι καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς παρ' Ἠσαΐᾳ μὲν εἰρηκότος·
Unit 6 rem mid§23
Greek · §23
«καὶ τὴν δόξαν μου ἑτέρῳ οὐ δώσω», Ἰωάννου δὲ φήσαντος· «ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν υἱόν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν πατέρα» ἤδη γὰρ ᾔδει σαφῶς, ὅτι οὐχ ἑτεροουσίῳ τῷ μονογενεῖ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι ἡ δόξα ἀναπέμπεται. 19.26 πάλιν τοῦ Μάρκου λέγοντος ἀπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ· «ὃς γὰρ ἂν ἐπαισχυνθῇ με καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ μοι χαλίδι καὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ, καὶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπαισχυνθήσεται αὐτόν, ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν ἁγίων». 19.27 Ὁ Ματθαῖος τὸ αὐτὸ κεφάλαιον ἐκτιθέμενος οὐκ εἶπεν· «ἐν τῇ τοῦ πατρός», ἀλλ' «ἐν τῇ τοῦ υἱοῦ», οὕτω γράψας· «ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ 23 καὶ πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι ἄγγελοι μετ' αὐτοῦ, ὅτε καθίσῃ ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ». καὶ παρ' Ἰωάννῃ δέ φησιν· «δόξασόν με τῇ δόξῃ, ᾗ εἶχον παρὰ σοὶ πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι». 20.ν Περὶ τοῦ διὰ τὸ ὁμοούσιον καὶ ἰσοδύναμον κατοικεῖν ἐν πιστοῖς τόν τε πατέρα τόν τε υἱὸν τό τε ἅγιον πνεῦμα· καὶ πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἑτεροδόξων ἀντίθεσιν. 20.1 Εὑρήσομεν ἔτι τὸ ὁμοούσιον τῆς τριάδος καὶ ὡς ἀπαραλλάκτως πάντα ἐστὶν αὐτῇ δυνατά, εἰ ξυνίδωμεν, ὅτι αὐτὴν μόνη ὑπὲρ τὸ ἄυλον καὶ ἀόρατον οὖσα κατ' οὐσίαν μετέχεσθαι δύναται καὶ πληροῦν ὃν ἔκτισε ναόν. 20.2 καὶ αὐτῇ οὐ τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ λέξις ἁρμόζει. 20.3 ἕπεται γὰρ τῷ μεθεκτῷ τὸ ἄτρεπτον καὶ τούτῳ τὸ ἄκτιστον, ὅ ἐστιν καὶ ἄναρχον. 20.4 οὐδὲν δὲ κτιστόν, ὅσον ἀπὸ γραφῶν συνηθείας, μετουσίας τρόπῳ μετέχεσθαι δύναται ἢ πληροῦν οὐσιωδῶς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ μόνῳ τῶν τῆς ἕξεως τῆς ἀγαθῆς ἢ τῆς φαύλης. 20.5 Μεταφορικῶς γὰρ λέγομέν τινας ἀρετῆς καὶ ἐπιστήμης πεπληρῶσθαι καὶ τεθεωρημένως προφέρειν δύνασθαι τὰ ἀρετῆς καὶ ἐπιστήμης ἐπίχειρα, ὡς οἱ ἀκραιφνῶς τῆς χάριτος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μεταλαχόντες. 20.6 Μαρτυρεῖται οὖν κατοικεῖν ἐν ἡμῖν ὅ τε πατὴρ ὅ τε υἱὸς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα· ὡς ἡνίκα Παῦλος Κορινθίοις τὸ δεύτερον γράφει ἐκ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου· «ἡμεῖς γὰρ ναὸς θεοῦ ἐσμεν ζῶντος, καθὼς εἶπεν ὁ θεός· ἐνοικήσω ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσω καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεὸς καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μου λαός». καὶ πάλιν· «οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι ναὸς θεοῦ ἐστε καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ
Unit 6 rem close§24
Greek · §24
θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν;» καί· «οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν ναὸς τοῦ ἐν ὑμῖν ἁγίου πνεύματός ἐστιν, οὗ ἔχετε ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ;» 20.7 καὶ Ἐφεσίοις· «ἵνα δῴη ὑμῖν κατὰ τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον, κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν.» 20.8 Καὶ ὡς ὅταν ὁ δεσπότης ἐν Ἰωάννῃ λέγει· «τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν, ὅτι οὐ θεωρεῖ αὐτὸ οὐδὲ γινώσκει αὐτό. ὑμεῖς δὲ γινώσκετε αὐτό, ὅτι παρ' ὑμῖν μένει καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσται». καὶ πάλιν· «ἐάν τις ἀγαπᾷ με, τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσει· καὶ ὁ πατήρ μου ἀγαπήσει αὐτόν, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλευσόμεθα καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα». 20.9 Ἔσται δὲ τοῦτο πλέον καταφανὲς τῷ ἐπιστάνοντι, ὅτι θελήσας ὁ πάντα δυνάμενος θεὸς λόγος ἄτρεπτός τε διέμεινεν καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς παρθένου ἐκυοφορήθη. 20.10 Οἱ δὲ πάλιν ἐνίστανται ἀντιλέγοντες· «γέγραπται δῆθεν περὶ μὲν _̓Ανανία· «διὰ τί ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου;» περὶ δὲ Ἰούδα, ὡς «εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτὸν ὁ σατανᾶς».» 20.11 Πρὸς οὓς ῥητέον, ὡς οὐ μετεχόμενος οὐδὲ τῇ ψυχῇ ὥσπερ ἐπιβατεύων, ἀλλὰ φενακίζων καὶ κακοβουλίας καὶ παλίμβολον τρόπον ἐνεργαζόμενος καὶ πάρεργον ποιῶν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ πονηρίας πληροῖ τὸν μὴ προσέχοντα τῷ. «μὴ δῴης εἰς σάλον τὸν πόδα σου, καὶ οὐ μὴ νυστάξει ὁ φυλάσσων σε». 20.12 καθ' ὃν τρόπον Ἔλυμαν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπλήρωσεν τῇ ὑποβολῇ πράξεως σατανικῆς. λέγει γὰρ αὐτῷ Παῦλος, μυσαρῷ τὴν γνώμην καὶ τὰς πράξεις τυγχάνοντι καὶ ἀνάπλεῳ τῆς διαβολικῆς ὄντι μοχθηρίας καὶ κατασοφιζομένῳ τοὺς ἁγίους, ὡς δοκεῖν ἐν αὐτῷ οἰκεῖν τὸν ἀρχέκακον πατέρα αὐτοῦ· «ὦ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου καὶ πάσης ῥᾳδιουργίας υἱὲ διαβόλου». 20.13 ἔτι δὲ καθὼς καὶ τοὺς ψευδοπρεσβύτας ἐπὶ τῆς σεμνοπρεπεστάτης Σωσάννης ἐπλήρωσεν ἀκολάστου γνώμης· ἔχει δὲ οὑτωσί· «ἦλθον δὲ καὶ οἱ δύο πρεσβύτεροι πλήρεις τῆς ἀνόμου ἐννοίας». 20.14 Καὶ ἵνα μὴ ὄχλον πολὺν τῇ ἀκοῇ παρασκευάζωμεν, πολλὰ, ἃ λέγειν εἴχομεν εἰς τοῦτο, παρέντες, συντόμως ἐροῦμεν, ὡς εἴπερ κρατεῖ ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν οὗτος, ὥρα λοιπὸν μὴ μέγα οἴεσθαι τὸ τὴν θείαν γαληνότητα οἰκεῖν ἐν πιστοῖς, ἀλλ' ὡς ἔν γε δὴ μόνῳ τῷ δοκεῖν τοῦτο τὴν δόξαν ἔχειν.
The Unchangeable Nature and the Life in the Trinity§25
2521. Concerning speaking of the Trinity through the unchangeable nature and essence of the holy ones. Speaking of equality in the holy ones announces the unchangeability of nature and the authority of the divine hypostases. For Zechariah—not the prophet, but the father of John—said that the Lord God of Israel has spoken through the prophets (Luke 1:57). And Paul similarly sent to the Hebrews: 'God, having spoken many times and in many ways of old to the fathers in the prophets, has spoken to us in this last age in His Son' (Hebrews 1:1-2). And to the Corinthians he wrote concerning the Son: 'since you seek the testing of the Christ speaking in me' (2 Corinthians 13:5). And the Savior according to Matthew teaches: 'for it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father is the one speaking in you' (Matthew 10:20).
22. Concerning the fact that it is written that we live by the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit through the same Word, which is the consubstantiality of the Trinity. What is written—that we live by the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit—teaches this to be seen most clearly; just as when Paul reasons with the Romans in letters: 'you consider yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord' (Romans 6:11). And again: 'that those who live may no longer live for themselves, but for Him, Christ, who died for them and was raised up' (2 Corinthians 5:15); and to the Galatians: 'if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit' (Galatians 5:25).
23. Concerning the fact that through this Word, the law from above is written to be of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Because of whom we said it is the Word, and the law from above is written to be of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, just as the Psalmist says in Psalm 40: 'the law of his God is in his heart,' and in Psalm 39: 'to do your will, O God, I have desired, and your law is in the midst of my womb' (Psalm 40:8; 39:8). And as Paul writes to the Galatians: 'one another's...'
fulfill the law of Christ
Greek · §25
24 21.ν Περὶ τοῦ διὰ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον τῆς φύσεως καὶ τῆς οὐσίας λαλεῖν ἐν πι στοῖς τὴν τριάδα. 21.1 Καὶ τὸ λαλεῖν δὲ ἐξ ἴσου ἐν ἁγίοις τὰς θείας ὑποστάσεις τὴν ἀπαραλλαξίαν τῆς φύσεως καὶ ἐξουσίας ἀπαγγέλλει. 21.2 Ζαχαρίας μὲν γάρ–οὐχ ὁ προφήτης, ἀλλ' ὁ πατὴρ Ἰωάννου–κύριον τὸν θεὸν Ἰσραὴλ διὰ τῶν προφητῶν λελαληκέναι ἔφησεν. 21.3 καὶ Παῦλος δὲ ὁμοίως Ἑβραίοις ἐπέστειλεν· «πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως πάλαι ὁ θεὸς λαλήσας τοῖς πατράσιν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις, ἐπ' ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων ἐλάλησεν ἡμῖν ἐν υἱῷ». 21.4 Καὶ Κορινθίοις δὲ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἔγραψεν· «ἐπεὶ δοκιμὴν ζητεῖτε τοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ λαλοῦντος Χριστοῦ». 21.5 Ὁ δέ γε σωτὴρ παρὰ Ματθαίῳ διδάσκει· «οὐ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ λαλοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ὑμῖν». 22.ν Περὶ τοῦ διὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον, ᾔνουν τὸ ὁμοούσιον τῆς τριάδος, γεγράφθαι, ζῆν ἡμᾶς τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ πνευματι. 22.1 Τοῦτο ἐπιφανέστατα θεωρεῖν διδάσκει καὶ τὸ γεγράφθαι, ζῆν ἡμᾶς τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι· ὡς ὅταν Παῦλος διαλέγεται γράμμασι Ῥωμαίοις· «ὑμεῖς λογίζεσθε ἑαυτοὺς νεκροὺς μὲν εἶναι τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, ζῶντας δὲ τῷ θεῷ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ κυρίῳ ἡμῶν». 22.2 καὶ πάλιν· «ἵνα οἱ ζῶντες μηκέτι ἑαυτοῖς ζῶσιν, ἀλλὰ τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀποθανόντι καὶ ἐγερθέντι Χριστῷ»· καὶ Γαλάταις· «εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν». 23.ν Περὶ τοῦ διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον τὸν ἄνωθεν νόμον γεγράφθαι εἶναι τοῦ πα τρος καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. 23.1 ∆ι' ὃν ἔφαμεν λόγον καὶ ὁ ἄνωθεν νόμος γέγραπται εἶναι τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, καθὰ ὁ ἱεροψάλτης λέγει ἐν μὲν λϛʹ ψαλμῷ· «ὁ νόμος τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ», ἐν δὲ λθʹ· «τοῦ ποιῆσαι, ὁ θεός, τὸ θέλημά σου ἐβουλήθην καὶ τὸν νόμον σου ἐν μέσῳ τῆς κοιλίας μου». 23.2 Καὶ ὡς Παῦλος γράφει Γαλάταις μέν· «ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε καὶ οὕτως ἀναπληρώσατε τὸν νόμον τοῦ Χριστοῦ»· 23.3 καὶ Κορινθίοις ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἀνόμοις ὡς ἄνομος, μὴ ὢν ἄνομος θεοῦ, ἀλλ' ἔννομος Χριστοῦ, ἵνα κερδήσω τοὺς ἀνόμους». 23.4 Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «ὁ γὰρ νόμος τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ἠλευθέρωσέν με ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου». 23.5 Καὶ πάλιν τὴν νέαν καὶ τὴν παλαιὰν διαθήκην αἰνιττόμενός φησιν· «νυνὶ δὲ κατηργήθημεν ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου, ἀποθανόντες ἐν ᾧ κατειχόμεθα, ὥστε δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς ἐν καινότητι πνεύματος καὶ οὐ παλαιότητι γράμμα τος»· καὶ πάλιν· «οἴδαμεν γάρ, ὅτι ὁ νόμος πνευματικός ἐστιν». 24.ν Περὶ τοῦ διὰ τὴν αὐτὴν τῆς ὁμοουσιότητος ἐν τῇ τριάδι αἰτίαν χρηματίζειν ἡμᾶς ἢ ἀνθρώπους θεοῦ ἢ Χριστιανοὺς ἢ πνευματικούς. 24.1 Χρηματίζομεν τοίνυν διὰ τοῦτο ἢ ἄνθρωποι θεοῦ ἢ Χριστιανοὶ ἢ πνευματικοί· δι' ὧν φασιν ἡ μὲν ἐν Σαρέπτοις χήρα πρὸς τὸν Θεσβίτην Ἠλίαν· «τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ;» καὶ πάλιν· «νῦν ἔγνων, ὅτι ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ ἅγιος εἶ σύ»· 24.2 ἡ δὲ Σουμανῖτις πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτῆς ἄνδρα περὶ Ἐλισσαιὲ τοῦ προφήτου· «ἰδοὺ δὴ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ μέγας παραγίνεται πρὸς ἡμᾶς». 24.3 αἱ δὲ βασιλικαὶ ἱστορίαι· «καὶ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ ἦλθεν ἐξ Ἰούδα καὶ προεφήτευσεν ἐπὶ τὸ θυσια στήριον τὸ ἐν Βεθήλ»· 24.4 ὁ δὲ ἱεροψάλτης ἐν τῇ ἐπιγραφῇ τοῦ πθʹ ψαλμοῦ· «προσευχὴ Μωυσῆ, ἀνθρώπου τοῦ θεοῦ». 24.5 ὁ δὲ Παῦλος Τιμοθέῳ γράφων τὸ δεύτερον· «ἵνα ἄρτιος ᾖ ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος, πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐξηρτισμένος». 24.6 Αἱ δὲ πράξεις· «ἐγένετο δὲ αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ὅλον συναχθῆναι ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ χρηματί σαι τε πρῶτον ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τοὺς μαθητὰς Χριστιανούς». 24.7 Ὁ δὲ Παῦλος Κορινθίοις ἐν ἐπιστολῇ διαλεγόμενος· «περὶ δὲ τῶν πνευματικῶν οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί. οἴδατε, ὅτι, ὅτε ἔθνη ἦτε, πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε ἀπαγόμενοι. διὸ
The Glory of the Church and the Gospel of God§26
26I make known to you that no one can say 'Lord Jesus' except in the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 12:3), and again. 'But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot know, because they are being judged spiritually. But the spiritual man judges all things, while he himself is judged by no one. For who has known the mind of the Lord, which directs him? But we have the mind of Christ' (1 Cor 2:14-16). And again: 'Brothers, if even a man is caught in some transgression, you who are spiritual should restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness, watching yourself, lest you also be tempted. Bear one another's burdens, and thus fulfill the law of Christ' (Gal 6:1).
Regarding the reason for the Trinity through their shared essence, what now speaks of the Father, at another time speaks of the Son or of the Holy Spirit. The Scripture, declaring one deity and lordship, now speaks of the Father, and at another time asserts that it is the Son or the Holy Spirit; just as when the uninspired Paul writes to the Philippians: 'For they all seek their own, not those of Jesus Christ' (Phil 2:21), to the Galatians: 'But those of Jesus Christ crucified the flesh with its passions and desires' (Gal 5:24), and to the Corinthians: 'For the love of Christ constrains us, judging this: that he died for all, so that those who live might no longer live for themselves, but for him who died and rose for them' (2 Cor 5:14-15). And again: 'But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him' (1 Cor 2:14); and again: 'But desire the spiritual things' (1 Cor 7:40).
Furthermore, regarding the Church, which is conceived with the glory ascending within it and the bloodless worship being brought to it, writing first to the Corinthians, he announced that it belongs to God thus: 'Become without stumbling to Jews and Greeks and to the Church of God' (1 Cor 10:32), and again: 'We do not have such a custom, nor do the churches of God' (1 Cor 10:33). But writing again to the Ephesians, he taught that it is Christ's, saying thus: 'That he might present to himself the church without blemish, having no spot or wrinkle or anything of this kind, but that it might be holy and immaculate' (Eph 5:27). If—
For since it did not seem so to him here, someone will interpret what the prophet Haggai intends by saying, 'the glory of this house shall be greater than the first' (Haggai 2:9), that is, of the Church of Christ and the glorification within it, compared to the synagogue of the Jews, in which God alone was theologized and glorified.
Therefore also the Gospel, writing to the Romans, says that it is now of God the Father: 'Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, set apart for the gospel of God' (Romans 1:1); and again: 'For I am not ashamed of the gospel: for it is the power of God unto salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. For the righteousness of God is revealed therein; and the just shall live by faith' (Romans 1:16-17); and to the Corinthians the second instance: 'that I preached to you the gospel of God freely' (1 Corinthians 2:4); but in the first instance he writes to the Corinthians that it turns out to be of the only-begotten God: 'but we have not used that authority, but we endure all things, so that we may not cut off anything by the gospel of Christ' (2 Corinthians 10:18); and the second: 'having come into Troas for the gospel of Christ' (Acts 20:7/contextual); and again: 'glorifying God in the submission of your confession unto the gospel of Christ' (2 Corinthians 10:18); and to the Romans: 'For God is my witness, whom I serve in the gospel of His Son' (Romans 15:30).
But he also said that the sacred liturgy is sometimes performed for God the Father and sometimes for God His only-begotten Son, having written to the Corinthians the first: 'Thus let a man reckon us as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God; that which is required in stewards, that one be found faithful' (1 Corinthians 4:1-2); the second: 'in everything presenting ourselves as ministers of God' (2 Corinthians 4:5); and again: 'Are they ministers of Christ? I speak foolishly; rather, I do' (1 Corinthians 9:17).
...'Who has believed in the Lord and been encouraged? Or who has endured the fear of Him and been forsaken? Or who has called upon Him and been disregarded?' (Romans 10:9-11). For He, as even those outside say, 'is persuaded by God, and greatly moved by Him.' Therefore, certainly, nothing is unacquired or being worked in oneself by another, from which...
Greek · §26
γνωρίζω ὑμῖν, ὅτι οὐδεὶς δύναται εἰπεῖν «κύριος Ἰησοῦς» εἰ μὴ ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ»· 25 24.8 καὶ πάλιν. «ψυχικὸς δὲ ἄνθρωπος οὐ δέχεται τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ, μωρία γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐστιν, καὶ οὐ δύναται γνῶναι, ὅτι πνευματικῶς ἀνακρίνεται. ὁ δὲ πνευματικὸς ἀνακρίνει μὲν πάντας, αὐτὸς δὲ ὑπ' οὐδενὸς ἀνακρίνεται. τίς γὰρ ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὃς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν; ἡμεῖς δὲ νοῦν Χριστοῦ ἔχομεν». 24.9 καὶ πάλιν· «ἀδελφοί, ἐὰν καὶ προληφθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν ἔν τινι παραπτώματι, ὑμεῖς οἱ πνευματικοὶ καταρτίζετε τὸν τοιοῦτον ἐν πνεύματι πραότητος, σκο πῶν σεαυτόν, μὴ καὶ σὺ πειρασθῇς. ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε καὶ οὕτως ἀναπληρώσατε τὸν νόμον τοῦ Χριστοῦ». 25.ν Περὶ τοῦ διὰ τὴν αὐτὴν τῆς ὁμοουσιότητος τῆς τριάδος αἰτίαν τὴν γραφήν, ἅπερ νῦν λέγει τοῦ πατρός, ἄλλοτε λέγειν τοῦ υἱοῦ ἤ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. 25.1 Μίαν θεότητα καὶ δεσποτείαν ἡ γραφὴ δηλοῦσα, ἅπερ νῦν λέγει τοῦ πατρός, ἄλλοτε φάσκει τοῦ υἱοῦ ἢ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος εἶναι· 25.2 ὡς ἡνίκα ὁ σωτὴρ παρὰ Ματθαίῳ Ἰουδαίοις λέγει· «ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τῷ θεῷ»· 25.3 καὶ ὡς ὅταν ὁ ἀοίδιμος γράφει Παῦλος Φιλιππησίοις μέν· «οἱ πάντες γὰρ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ζητοῦσιν, οὐ τὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ», Γαλάταις δέ· «οἱ δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τὴν σάρκα ἐσταύρωσαν σὺν τοῖς παθήμασι καὶ ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις», καὶ Κορινθίοις· «ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ συνέχει ἡμᾶς κρίναντος τούτου· καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν, ἵνα οἱ ζῶντες μηκέτι ἑαυτοῖς ζῶσιν, ἀλλὰ τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀποθα νόντι καὶ ἐγερθέντι». 25.4 καὶ πάλιν· «ψυχικὸς δὲ ἄνθρωπος οὐ δέχεται τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ, μωρία γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐστιν»· καὶ πάλιν· «ζηλοῦτε δὲ τὰ πνευματικά». 25.5 Ἔτι καὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, ἥτις νοεῖται σὺν τῇ ἀναπεμπομένη ἐν αὐτῇ δόξῃ καὶ τῇ προσαγομένῃ ἀναιμάκτῳ λατρείᾳ, Κορινθίοις μὲν τὸ πρῶτον γράφων, τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι κατήγγειλεν οὑτωσί· «ἀπρόσκοποι καὶ Ἰουδαίοις γίνεσθε καὶ Ἕλλησιν καὶ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ», καὶ πάλιν· «ἡμεῖς τοιαύτην συνήθειαν οὐκ ἔχομεν οὐδὲ αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τοῦ θεοῦ». 25.6 Ἐφεσίοις δὲ πάλιν ἐπιστέλλων, τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἶναι αὐτὴν ἐδίδαξεν ὧδε εἰπών· «ἵνα παραστήσῃ ἑαυτῷ ἄμεμπτον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, μὴν ἔχουσαν σπίλον ἢ ῥυτίδα ἤ τι τῶν τοιούτων, ἀλλ' ἵνα ᾖ ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος». 25.7 Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ὧδε αὐτῷ ἐδόκει, ἑρμηνεύσει τις, τί βούλεται εἰπὼν ὁ προφήτης Ἀγγαῖος ὅτι «μεγάλη ἔσται ἡ δόξα τοῦ οἴκου τούτου ἡ ἐσχάτη ὑπὲρ τὴν πρώτην», τουτέστιν τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκκλησίας καὶ τῆς ἐν αὐτῇ δοξολογίας παρὰ τὴν συναγωγὴν Ἰουδαίων, ἐν ᾖ μόνος ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ ἐθεολογεῖτο καὶ ἐδοξάζετο. 25.8 Ἑπομένως τοίνυν καὶ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον νῦν μὲν θεοῦ τοῦ πατρὸς εἶναι λέγει γράφων Ῥωμαίοις· «Παῦλος δοῦλος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγ γέλιον θεοῦ»· 25.9 καὶ πάλιν· «οὐ γὰρ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον· δύναμις γὰρ θεοῦ ἐστιν εἰς σωτηρίαν παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι, Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι. δικαιοσύνη γὰρ θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται· ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται»· 25.10 καὶ Κορινθίοις τὸ δεύτερον· «ὅτι δωρεὰν τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγέλιον εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν», 25.11 νῦν δὲ θεοῦ τοῦ μονογενοῦς αὐτὸ τυγχάνειν ἐπιστέλλει Κορινθίοις τὸ μὲν πρῶτον· «ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐχρησάμεθα τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ταύτῃ, ἀλλὰ πάντα στέγομεν, ἵνα μὴ ἐκκοπήν τινα δῶμεν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ»· 25.12 τὸ δὲ δεύτερον· «ἐλθὼν δὲ εἰς τὴν Τρωάδα εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ» 25.13 καὶ πάλιν· «δοξάζοντες τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ τῇ ὑποταγῇ τῆς ὁμολογίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ»· 25.14 καὶ Ῥωμαίοις· «μάρτυς γάρ μου ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ». 25.15 Ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἱερὰν λειτουργίαν ποτὲ μὲν θεῷ τῷ πατρί, ποτὲ δὲ θεῷ τῷ μονογενεῖ αὐτοῦ υἱῷ ἐκτελεῖσθαι ἔφη 25.16 γράψας Κορινθίος τὸ μὲν πρῶτον· «οὕτως ἡμᾶς λογιζέσθω ἄνθρωπος ὡς ὑπηρέτας Χριστοῦ καὶ οἰκονόμους μυστηρίων θεοῦ· ὃ δὲ λοιπὸν ζητεῖται ἐν τοῖς οἰκονόμοις, ἵνα πιστός τις εὑ ρεθῇ»· 25.17 τὸ δὲ δεύτερον· «ἐν παντὶ συνιστῶντες ἑαυτοὺς ὡς θεοῦ διάκονοι»· 25.18 καὶ πάλιν· «διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσιν; παραφρονῶν λέγω· ὑπὲρ ἐγώ». καὶ ........................................................... 26 .............................................................. 26.1 ...»Τίς ἐνεπίστευσεν κυρίῳ καὶ κατῃσχύνθη; ἢ τίς ἐνέμεινεν τῷ φόβῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐγκατελείφθη; ἢ τίς ἐπεκαλέσατο αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπερεῖδεν αὐτόν;» ὃς γάρ, καὶ οἱ ἔξω φασίν, "4πείθεται θεῷ, μάλα τ' ἔκλυεν αὐτοῦ"5. 26.2 Τοιγαροῦν οὐδὲν ἐπίκτητον ἢ ὑφ' ἑτέρου ἐνεργούμενον ἐν ἑαυτῷ εἶναι, οἴκοθεν
The Unity of Glory and Nature§27
27He presents all good things as being drawn toward the one divine peace, which has no limit, about which Isaiah cried out: 'Lord our God, give us peace; for you have given us all things. Lord, besides you we know no other' (Isa 26:3). This is given by Him through His power because of the shared nature and lordship. He said: 'Peace I leave with you, my peace I give to you' (John 14:27).
Therefore, Paul also did not fail to provide this God-giving word to both the unbegotten hypostases without distinction (Rom 1:7), writing thus to the Romans: 'Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.' We are also provided the recognition of this in the same way by that: 'All that the Father has is mine' (John 16:15).
For these things are not understood ignorantly regarding creation, but are understood regarding the divine worth, if one is to say they belong to God. For the Father, he says, is God. I am also; for he is his only-begotten, true, and beloved Son. The Father is Lord. I am also lord of all and heir of the living Father, possessing the inheritance. And I inherit his own things, this as the maker of them, and this also as a genuine Son. And I was made heir as one having become man.
The Father is Creator and King. I am. For I said to you as, 'There was a king who went out to make marriages for his son the king' (Matt 22:2). The Father is unchangeable. I am also. For it has been prophesied concerning me: 'You are the same, and your years shall not fail' (Ps 70:5). The Father is impassible. I am, so as to let those who share in me partake of impassibility.
The Father is without beginning. I am. For there was not a time when the hypostatic radiance did not have the name of the Father and of his glory, and the 'character of the hypostasis' and the 'image of the deity,' which is me. Life and light and goodness and power and wisdom and truth and whatever is worthy of God, the Father is. I am, as you have heard by those who have perished.
And indeed I am also Savior, 'raising the sun upon the righteous and the sinners' (Matt 5:45) and not bringing 'evil for evil.' The Father is Philanthropic. I am, wherefore for your sake 'I emptied myself, having taken the form of a slave' (Phil 2:7), and being struck and spat upon and mocked and crucified by you.
We were not misled. All the things he said happen to be in accordance with the Fathers, so that he gives nothing more to God the Father than only being the father of a co-ruling and co-existing Son. Thus he persuades one to believe also that: 'All that is mine is yours, and all that is yours is mine, and I have been glorified in them' (John 17:10).
For if it were not said thus through the natural relation, and if the Son had not been essentially glorified in all the Fathers, unless kingdom and lordship are one, then—according to the logic—it would be heretical, that there is something accomplished not by the authority of the Father, but by the authority of the Son. And again: 'If I glorify myself, my glory is nothing; it is my Father who glorifies me' (John 17:5).
He says, speaking about his own divine glory, that 'I and the Father are one' (John 10:30), do not disbelieve; rather, there is the Father witnessing for me, that according to nature I am glorified, being his beloved and true Son, yet being God and Lord of you. Then he says: 'Father, glorify your Son, so that your Son also may glorify you' (John 17:5). Equal honor and glory have been preserved thus for the divine hypostases. For in whatever way we conceive of the Father glorifying his Son, by that same way he himself is glorified by him.
And he proceeds again: 'And now glorify me, Father, with the glory I had with you before the world existed' (John 17:5). It is terrible to hear, that he who has glory independently from his own Father—for this is what it means: to have had glory before the world existed—is not glorified according to the heretics. And what was this glory? Which, as I think, Mark also said: 'When the Son comes in the glory of his Father' (Mark 8:38), instead of: he possesses the Father's glory and in it he will come a second time.
Of which glory, being one, divinity, kingdom, and worship have been established, not one and another. Therefore he commands beforehand: 'Believe in God, and believe in me. In my Father's house there are many mansions' (John 14:1-2). He says, 'that they may know one faith concerning the Trinity, not having a difference of divinity, so that you may dwell in those three-blessed courts, all in harmony and sufficiency.'
Not only, indeed, those he led, but also, providing things of God, he says: 'Your sins are forgiven you' (Luke 7:48). You pay attention likewise to his authority, that as if...
Greek · §27
δ' ἐπάγεσθαι τἀγαθὰ πάντα παριστῶν τὴν μίαν θεϊκὴν εἰρήνην, ἧς «ὅριον οὐκ ἔστιν», περὶ ἧς Ἠσαΐας διακέκραγεν· «κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, εἰρήνην δὸς ἡμῖν· πάντα γὰρ ἀπέδωκας ἡμῖν. κύριε, ἐκτὸς σοῦ ἄλλον οὐκ οἴδαμεν», ὡς αὐτοῦ τυγχάνουσαν διὰ τὸ ἐπίκοινον τῆς φύσεως καὶ κυριότητος δίδωσιν κατ' ἐξουσίαν. 26.3 ἔφη γάρ· «εἰρήνην ἀφίημι ὑμῖν, εἰρήνην τὴν ἐμὴν δίδωμι ὑμῖν». 26.4 ∆ιὸ οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ Παῦλος τοῦτο τὸ θεόσδοτον χρῆμα ἄμφω τὰς ἀγενήτους ὑποστάσεις ἀπαραλλάκτως χορηγεῖν ἔφη, 26.5 Ῥωμαίοις οὕτω που γράψας· «χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ». 26.6 διάγνωσιν δὲ ἡμῖν τοῦτ' αὐτὸ οὕτως ἔχειν παρέσχετο καὶ τό· «πάντα ὅσα ἔχει ὁ πατὴρ ἐμά ἐστιν». 26.7 ταῦτα γὰρ οὐκ ἀμαθῶς εἰς τὴν κτίσιν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν θεϊκὴν ἀξίαν ἐκλαμβάνεται, εἰ ἀξίαν ἐπὶ τοῦ θεοῦ φάναι χρή. 26.8 Θεὸς γάρ, φησίν, ἐστὶν ὁ πατήρ. εἰμὶ καὶ ἐγώ· υἱὸς γὰρ αὐτοῦ μονογενὴς καὶ ἀληθινὸς καὶ ἀγαπητός. 26.9 Κύριός ἐστιν ὁ πατήρ. εἰμὶ καὶ ἐγὼ πάντων κύριος καὶ κληρονόμος ζῶντος πατρὸς τῆς κληρονομίας δεσπόζων. 26.10 κληρονομῶ δὲ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ, τοῦτο μὲν ὡς ποιητὴς αὐτῶν, τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ὡς γνήσιος υἱός. 26.11 ἐτέθην δὲ κληρονόμος ὡς ἐνανθρωπήσας. 26.12 ∆ημιουργὸς καὶ βασιλεύς ἐστιν ὁ πατήρ. εἰμί. εἶπον γὰρ ὑμῖν ὡς «ἦν τις βασιλεὺς καὶ ἐπορεύθη ποιῆσαι γάμους τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ τῷ βασιλεῖ». 26.13 Ἄτρεπτός ἐστιν ὁ πατήρ. εἰμὶ καὶ ἐγώ. κεχρησμῴδηται γὰρ περὶ ἐμοῦ· «σὺ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν». 26.14 Ἀπαθής ἐστιν ὁ πατήρ. εἰμί, ὡς καὶ τοὺς μετόχους μου ἀπαθείας μεταλαμβάνειν. 26.15 Ἄναρχος ὁ πατήρ. εἰμί. οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅτε οὐκ εἶχεν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ τὸ ἐνυπόστατον ἀπαύγασμα καὶ τὸν «χαρακτῆρα τῆς ὑποστάσεως» καὶ τὴν «εἰκόνα τῆς θεότητος», ἐμέ. 26.16 ζωὴ καὶ φῶς καὶ ἀγαθότης καὶ δύναμις καὶ σοφία καὶ ἀλήθεια καὶ ὅσα θεοῦ ἄξιά ἐστιν ὁ πατήρ. εἰμί, ὡς φθάσαντες ἠκούσατε. 26.17 Καὶ μέντοι καὶ σωτὴρ ἐγώ, «ἀνατέλλων τὸν ἥλιον ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἁμαρτωλούς» καὶ οὐκ ἐπάγων «κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ» 26.18 Φιλάνθρωπος ὁ πατήρ. εἰμί, ὅπουγε ὑμῶν ἕνεκα «ἐμαυτὸν ἐκένωσα μορφὴν δούλου λαβών», καὶ ῥαπιζόντων καὶ ἐμπτυόντων καὶ ἐμπαιζόντων καὶ σταυρούντων ὑμῶν ἠνεσχόμην. 26.19 Πάντα οὖν εἶπεν τὰ πατρικὰ τυγχάνειν αὐτοῦ, ὥστε μηδὲν πλέον διδόναι τῷ θεῷ πατρὶ ἢ μόνον τὸ εἶναι πατέρα υἱοῦ συνανάρχου καὶ συνυφεστῶτος 26.20 Οὕτω πιστεύειν ἀναπείθει καὶ τό· «πάντα τὰ ἐμὰ σά ἐστιν καὶ τὰ σὰ ἐμά, καὶ δεδόξασμαι ἐν αὐτοῖς». 26.21 εἰ γὰρ μὴ διὰ τὴν φυσικὴν σχέσιν ὧδε ἐλέχθη καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς πατρικοῖς οὐσιωδῶς δεδόξασται ὁ υἱός, εἰ μὴ βασιλεία καὶ δεσποτεία μία τυγχάνει, ἆρα, κατά γε λόγον αἱρετικόν, ἔστιν ἃ μὴ ὑπὸ τὴν τοῦ πατρός, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ υἱοῦ τελεῖ. 26.22 Καὶ πάλιν· «ἐὰν ἐγὼ δοξάζω ἐμαυτόν, ἡ δόξα μου οὐδέν ἐστιν· ἔστιν ὁ πατήρ μου ὁ δοξάζων με». 26.23 ἐμοί, φησίν, λέγοντι περὶ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ θεϊκῆς δόξης, ὅτι «ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν», ἀπιστεῖτε· ἀλλ' ἔστιν ὁ μαρτυρῶν μοι πατήρ, ὅτι κατὰ φύσιν δοξάζομαι, υἱὸς μὲν ὢν αὐτοῦ ἀγαπητὸς καὶ ἀληθινός, θεὸς δὲ ὑμῶν καὶ δεσπότης. 26.24 Εἶτα λέγει· «πάτερ, δόξασόν σου τὸν υἱόν, ἵνα καὶ ὁ υἱός σου δοξάσῃ σε». ἴση κἀνταῦθα ἐφυλάχθη τιμή τε καὶ δόξα ταῖς θείαις ὑποστάσεσιν. ᾧ γὰρ ἂν ὑπολάβωμεν τρόπῳ τὸν πατέρα δοξάζειν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, τούτῳ αὐτὸς δοξάζεται ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. 26.25 Καὶ αὖθις ἐπάγει· «καὶ νῦν δόξασόν με, πάτερ, παρὰ σεαυτῷ τῇ δόξῃ, ᾗ εἶχον πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι παρὰ σοί». 26.26 φρικτὸν ἀκοῇ, ὅτι ὁ δόξαν ἔχων ἀνάρχως παρὰ τῷ ἑαυτοῦ πατρί–τοῦτο γὰρ σημαίνει τό· ᾖ εἶχον δόξῃ πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι–ὑπὸ αἱρετικῶν οὐ δοξάζεται. 26.27 ποία δὲ ἦν αὕτη; ἣν ὡς οἶμαι καὶ 27 Μάρκος ἔφη· «ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ υἱὸς ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ», ἀντὶ τοῦ· τὴν πατρικὴν δόξαν ἔχει καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ ἥξει τὸ δεύτερον. 26.28 ὧν δὲ ἡ δόξα μία, οὐκ ἄλλη καὶ ἄλλη θεότης καὶ βασιλεία καὶ προσκύνησις καθέστηκεν. 26.29 ὅθεν προπαραγγέλλει «πιστεύετε εἰς τὸν θεὸν καὶ εἰς ἐμὲ πιστεύετε. ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ πατρός μου μοναὶ πολλαί εἰσιν». 26.30 «τῆς γὰρ θεότητος», φησίν, «διαφορὰν οὐκ ἐχούσης, μίαν πίστεως γνῶσιν περὶ τῆς τριάδος ἔχειν ὀφείλετε, ἵν' οὕτω κατασκηνώσητε ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς τρισμακαρίσταις αὐλαῖς ταῖς πᾶσιν ἁρμοδίαις τε καὶ ἀρκούσαις». 26.31 Οὐ μόνον γοῦν τὰ ὑφηγητοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ θεοῦ παρέχων λέγει· «ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι». προσέχεις κἀνταῦθα τὸ αὐτεξούσιον αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ὡσανεὶ
Equality of Father and Son§28
28He does not act as an ambassador to a greater one, but forgives like an autocrat.
Matthew, contributing himself to the theologies concerning the only-begotten Son, said: 'No one knows the Father except the Son, nor does anyone know the Son except the Father' (Matt 11:27). How then do these people contend as if they knew the Father to be incomparable, his Son to be unlike him, and the essence to be unbegotten? They leave nothing exceptional in the knowledge of God the Father and the only-begotten God, nor do they consider that one who possesses nothing of a different nature possesses knowledge equal to the homoousion. Paul similarly writes to Timothy in the first epistle: 'I charge you before God who gives life to all things and Jesus Christ who bore the good confession in the presence of Pontius Pilate, to guard the unblemished command, without reproach, until the appearing of the Lord Jesus Christ, which the blessed and only powerful one and King of kings and Lord of lords, the only one having immortality and dwelling in unapproachable light, whom no man has seen or is able to see, to whom be honor and glory for the ages of ages. Amen' (1 Tim 1:17).
For it has seemed fitting to the heretics to give this to the Father alone: 'the only powerful one and King of kings' and the following. Just as regarding both of the eternal hypostases he said: 'I charge you before God and Christ Jesus,' so he sang regarding both of them as one in divinity and the following. For he did not ignore like these: 'all that the Father has is mine' (John 16:15), and: 'that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father' (John 5:23), and: 'this is the true God and eternal life' (1 John 5:20), and: 'this is our God; no other shall be reckoned against him' (Isa 42:8), and: 'this is my beloved Son' (Matt 3:17).
But rather, the things set forth are directed more toward the Son. For it says: 'to guard the command until the appearing of the Lord Jesus Christ, which the blessed and only powerful one will show in his own times.' It is clear, therefore, that the Son will show his own appearance when he comes a second time. Thus, it allows that he also grant him the first glory. To the Romans: 'for his invisible things from...'
The eternal power and divinity of the one understood through the works of the world as being created. Because of the equal value of Father and Son, it does not fall short toward a creature. For the eternity and divinity of the Creator is not to be understood in the Begotten; that is, the divinity possessing the same things always. Regarding the Philippians: 'who, existing in the form of God, did not consider equality with God a thing to be snatched, but emptied himself, taking the form of a slave' (Phil 2:6).
What of this equality is found unequal? For he did not snatch, he says, he did not take to be equal in nature to God and Father. And indeed, he who was not emptied by another, but having emptied himself, simultaneously showed himself to be a Master and eternal. For if he became in the form of a slave, it is indisputable that he did not remain so, but before this happened, he was in the free paternal nature, in creatures. Since it was not possible to be seen, he descended unchangeably and invisibly until the form of a servant. And he cast off the things of the servant and gave the beginning of a more radiant life; whence and he who was without beginning was known.
And the other things sent to the same Philippians, that he already somehow holds the Son before and above his own Father as far as he decides toward the irrational, it has already been spoken to me additionally in Chapter 7. And nothing prevents setting this up from the ancient Scripture; for it is necessary not to use theology as a pastime. Therefore God says through Isaiah: 'My soul hates your new moons and your Sabbaths and your feasts. Let them be for me a stench; I will no longer bear your sins. Even if you fill out the prayer, I will not listen to you; for your hands are full of blood. Wash yourselves, make yourselves clean, take away your sins from your souls' (Isa 1:15-16).
You see, then, that even philanthropy reaches the threat, insofar as he is not yet exchanging them and not being angry for a long time, but rather not knowing how to be angry at all. And he hates their feasts, which is the religion, as being left behind from the most perfect knowledge of God; and he is exhorted to be baptized so as to receive the faith toward the masterly boundary concerning baptism. And Paul also has assured us elsewhere, having cried out by word, not...
Greek · §28
πρὸς μείζονα οὐ πρεσβεύει, ἀλλ' ὡς αὐτοκράτωρ συγχωρεῖ. 26.32 Ματθαῖος δέ, συνεισφέρων καὶ αὐτὸς ταῖς περὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ θεολογίαις, ἔφη· «οὐδεὶς γινώσκει τὸν πατέρα, εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱός, οὐδὲ τὸν υἱόν τις ἐπιγινώσκει, εἰ μὴ ὁ πατήρ». 26.33 Πῶς τοίνυν οὗτοι φιλονεικοῦσιν ὡς εἰδότες τὸν μὲν πατέρα ἀσύγκριτον, τὸν δὲ υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀνόμοιον αὐτῷ, τὴν δὲ οὐσίαν ἀγεννησίαν· οὐδὲν ἐξαίρετον τῇ γνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς θεοῦ καταλιμπάνοντες 26.34 οὐδὲ λογιζόμενοι, ὅτιπερ οὐδὲν ἑτεροφυὲς ἴσην τῷ ἑτεροουσίῳ κέκτηται γνῶσιν; 26.35 Παῦλος δὲ ὁμοίως γράφει Τιμοθέῳ μὲν ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «προστάσσω σοὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ζωοποιοῦντος τὰ πάντα καὶ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ μαρτυρήσαντος ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν, φυλάξαι τὴν παραγγελίαν ἄσπιλον, ἀνεπίληπτον ἕως τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἣν καιροῖς ἰδίοις δείξει ὁ μακάριος καὶ μόνος δυνατὸς καὶ βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων, ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν καὶ φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον, ὃν οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων εἶδεν οὔτε ἰδεῖν δύναται, ᾧ τιμὴ καὶ δόξα αἰώνιος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. ἀμήν». 26.36 αἱρετικοῖς μὲν γὰρ δέδοκται τῷ πατρὶ μόνῳ διδόναι τό· «ὁ μόνος δυνατὸς καὶ βασιλεὺς βασιλευόντων» καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. 26.37 ὥσπερ δὲ περὶ ἀμφοῖν τῶν ἀειμνήστων ὑποστάσεων εἶπεν· «προστάσσω σοὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ», οὕτως ἐπ' ἀμφοῖν αὐτῶν ὡς κατὰ ἑνὸς τῇ θεότητι καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς ὕμνησεν. 26.38 οὐ γὰρ ὡς οὗτοι ἠγνόησεν αὐτὸς τό· «πάντα ὅσα ἔχει ὁ πατὴρ ἐμά ἐστιν», καὶ τό· «ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν υἱὸν καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν πατέρα», καὶ τό· «οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθινὸς θεὸς καὶ ζωὴ αἰώνιος», καί· «οὗτος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν. οὐ λογισθήσεται ἕτερος πρὸς αὐτόν», καί· «οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός». 26.39 ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποτείνεται μᾶλλον τὰ ἐκκείμενα πρὸς τὸν υἱόν. ἔχει γάρ· «παραφυλάξαι τὴν παραγγελίαν ἕως τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χρι στοῦ, ἣν καιροῖς ἰδίοις δείξει ὁ μακάριος καὶ μόνος δυνατός». 26.40 δῆλον δ' ὅτι ὁ υἱὸς δείξει τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐπιφάνειαν τὸ δεύτερον ἐλευσόμενος. ἐπιτήρει οὖν ὅτι καὶ δόξαν τὴν πρώτην αὐτῷ ἀπονέμει. 26.41 Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα καθο ρᾶται, ἥ τε ἀίδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης». 26.42 καὶ ταυτὶ δὲ διὰ τὴν ἰσοτιμίαν πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ οὐ ῥέπει πρὸς ποίημα. 26.43 οὐ γὰρ ἐν τῷ γεννητὸν νοεῖσθαι τὸν δημιουργὸν ἡ ἀιδιότης καὶ θειότης αὐτοῦ οὐ γνωρίζεται, τουτέστιν ἡ ἀεὶ καὶ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἔχουσα θεότης. 26.44 Φιλιππησίοις δέ· «ὃς ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ ὑπάρχων οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ, ἀλλ' ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν μορφὴν δούλου λαβών». 26.45 τί τῆς ἰσότητος ταύτης εὑρίσκεται ἄνισον; οὐχ ἥρπασε γάρ, φησίν, οὐκ ἔλαβε τὸ ἴσον εἶναι τῇ φύσει τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρί. καὶ δὴ ὁ μὴ ὑπ' ἄλλου κενωθείς, ἑαυτὸν δὲ κενώσας, αὐθέντην δεσπότην ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀίδιον ἑαυτὸν ἐπέδειξεν. 26.46 εἰ γὰρ ἐγένετο ἐν δούλου μορφῇ, ἀναμφίλογον ὡς οὐ διετέλει, πρὶν 26.46 ἢ τοῦτο γένηται, ἐν ποιήμασιν, ἀλλ' ἐν ἐλευθέρᾳ τῇ πατρικῇ φύσει ἦν. ἐπειδὴ μὴ δυνατὸν ἦν ὀφθῆναι, συγκατέβη ἀτρέπτως ἀφαντασιάστως ἕως οἰκέτου μορφῆς. 26.47 καὶ τὰ τοῦ οἰκέτου ἀπώσατο ἄχθη καὶ ζωῆς φαιδροτέρας δέδωκεν ἀρχήν· ὅθεν 28 καὶ ὅστις ἀνάρχως ἦν ἐπεγνώσθη. 26.48 Καὶ τὰ ἄλλα δὲ τὰ ἐπισταλέντα τοῖς αὐτοῖς Φιλιππησίοις, ὅτι ἤδη πως τὸν υἱὸν προὔχοντά τε καὶ ὑπερβάλλοντα σὺν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ πατρὶ ὅσον πρὸς ἀσυνέτους ἀποφαίνει, ἤδη μοι λέλεκται πρόσθεν ἐν κεφαλαίῳ ζʹ. 26.49 κωλύει δὲ οὐδέν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχαίας τοῦτο συστῆσαι γραφῆς· δεῖ γὰρ μὴ παρέργως κεχρῆσθαι τῇ θεολογίᾳ. 26.50 Λέγει οὖν παρὰ τῷ Ἠσαΐᾳ ὁ θεός· «τὰς νουμηνίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ σάββατα καὶ τὰς ἑορτὰς ὑμῶν μισεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου. ἐγενήθητέ μοι εἰς πλησμονήν· οὐκέτι ἀνήσω τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὑμῶν. κἂν πληρώ σητε τὴν δέησιν, οὐκ εἰσακούσομαι ὑμῶν· αἱ γὰρ χεῖρες ὑμῶν αἵματος πλή ρεις. λούσασθε, καθαροὶ γένεσθε, ἀφέλετε τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν». 26.51 ὁρᾷς τοίνυν, ὅτι καὶ φθάνει φιλανθρωπία τὴν ἀπειλήν, ὅσον οὐδέπω διαλλαττόμενος καὶ μηνιεῖν μακρά, μᾶλλον δὲ μηνιεῖν ὅλως οὐκ εἰδώς. 26.52 καὶ μισεῖ τὰς ἑορτὰς αὐτῶν, ὅ ἐστι τὴν θρησκείαν, ὡς τῆς τελεωτάτης θεογνωσίας ἀπολειπομένην· παρακελεύεται δὲ βαπτισθῆναι ὥστε δέξασθαι τὴν πίστιν πρὸς τὸν περὶ τοῦ βαπτίσματος δεσποτικὸν ὅρον. 26.53 ἐπιστώσατο δὲ ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ὁ Παῦλος ἐπὶ λέξεως ἀνακεκραγώς, μὴ
The Divinity of the Son§29
29He has the Son as greater for himself. For God having said to Abraham in Genesis, 'Bring me a sacrifice of your son' (Gen 22:2), and after he had done this willingly and was about to bring his hand upon him with a sword armed, an angel of the Lord called him, saying, 'Abraham, do not lay your hand upon the lad, nor do anything evil to him; for now I have known that you fear God and you have not withheld your only beloved son from me' (Gen 22:12).
Then, after a ram was found for the sacrifice instead of Isaac, and the sacrifice was completed by Abraham—the intention being through the boy, but the slaughter through the ram—he says, 'an angel of the Lord called him a second time from heaven, saying: I have sworn by myself, says the Lord, because you have done this thing and you have not withheld your beloved son from me; surely blessing I will bless you, and multiplying I will multiply your seed like the stars of heaven and the sand of the sea; and all the nations shall be blessed in you, because you obeyed my voice' (Gen 22:16-18).
Neither the Father nor even a ministering angel was the one swearing. For a minister does not swear by himself, nor bless, nor say, 'I will not withhold your beloved son from me'; nor does he dare to turn away the sacrifice being brought to God, nor does he have the authority to offer it again.
But it was the only-begotten God, the Word, who sought the sacrifice, granting the only-begotten to Abraham, as Paul explains writing to the Hebrews thus: 'For God, having promised to Abraham'—which he both promised and did—'since he had nothing greater by which to swear, he swore by himself, saying: Surely blessing I will bless you' (Heb 6:13-14). And to the Romans he explains again, the one swearing by himself: 'For we shall all be presented at the judgment seat of Christ, as it is written: I live, says the Lord, that every knee shall bow to me and every tongue shall confess to God' (Rom 14:10-11). And the sitting at the right hand of the...
Yet, the Evangelist uses the term 'bosom' appearing to the Son to signify that it is the Father's bosom, unless it signifies the same and of equal nature, and that he is to be worshipped along with the Father and His Spirit, the only-begotten God and Son; but—according to human standards, for one must not receive the words written concerning God as if they were human—the one at the right hand is greater and more glorious than them, possessing the divine, unapproachable bosom like a many-eyed cherubic throne. May such a thing never be said regarding the most inexpressible and serene Trinity.
For David sang concerning the Father in Psalm 110: 'The Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand' (Psalm 110:1). And Paul explains to the Hebrews: 'who, being the radiance of the Father's glory and the imprint of His essence, bearing all things by the word of His power, having made cleansing of sins, sat at the right hand of Majesty in the highest places' (Hebrews 1:3). And the Evangelist says: 'the only-begotten God who is in the bosom of the Father' (John 1:18).
Similarly, theology concerning the Son states that 'in Him dwells all the fullness of deity' (Colossians 2:9) and that He is 'great God' and 'over all,' 'by whom no other is counted,' 'true God,' 'eternal life,' 'sole Lord,' 'sole wonder-worker,' 'most high,' 'King,' 'Authority,' 'Christ in all in all,' and the rest. These things suffice regarding these matters; yet the mystics of the divine, desiring even more regarding the most provident Trinity, theologize about the Son just as they do about the Father, saying that 'in Him dwells all the fullness of deity' (Colossians 2:9) and that He is 'great God' and 'over all,' 'by whom no other is counted,' 'true God,' 'eternal life,' 'the true light,' 'sole Lord,' 'sole most high,' 'sole wonder-worker,' 'great King,' and 'Lord of all.'
Greek · §29
ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ μείζονα τὸν υἱόν. 26.54 εἰπόντος γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τῇ Γενέσει πρὸς τὸν Ἀβραάμ· "4τὸν υἱόν σου προσένεγκέ μοι θυσίαν"5 καὶ τοῦτο προθύμως ποιήσαντος καὶ ἐπάγειν ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὴν χεῖρα μαχαίρᾳ ὡπλισμένην μέλλοντος ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὸν ἄγγελος κυρίου εἰπών· «Ἀβραάμ, μὴ ἐπιβάλῃς τὴν χεῖρά σου ἐπὶ τὸ παιδάριον μήτε ποιήσῃς αὐτῷ μηθὲν κακόν. νῦν γὰρ ἔγνων, ὅτι φοβῇ σὺ τὸν θεὸν καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσω τοῦ υἱοῦ σου τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ δι' ἐμέ». 26.55 εἶτα κριοῦ πρὸς τὴν θυσίαν ἀντὶ Ἰσαὰκ εὑρεθέντος καὶ τῆς θυσίας ὑπὸ Ἀβραὰμ πληρωθείσης, τῇ μὲν γνώμῃ διὰ τοῦ παιδός, τῇ δὲ σφαγῇ διὰ τοῦ κριοῦ, «ἐκάλεσεν», φησίν, «αὐτὸν ἐκ δευτέρου ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ λέγων· κατ' ἐμαυτοῦ ὤμοσα, λέγει κύριος, οὗ εἵνεκεν ἐποίησας τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσω τοῦ υἱοῦ σου τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ δι' ἐμέ· ἦ μὴν εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω σε καὶ πληθύνων πληθυνῶ τὸ σπέρμα σου ὡς τοὺς ἀστέρας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τὴν ἄμμον τῆς θαλάσσης· καὶ ἐνευλογηθήσονται ἐν σοὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἀνθ' ὧν ὑπήκουσας τῆς ἐμῆς φωνῆς». 26.56 Ἦν δὲ οὔτε ὁ πατὴρ οὔτε μὴν λειτουργὸς ἄγγελος. 26.57 οὐ γὰρ ὀμνύει καθ' ἑαυτοῦ λειτουργὸς ἢ εὐλογεῖ ἢ λέγει· «οὐκ ἐφείσω τοῦ υἱοῦ σου τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ δι' ἐμέ»· οὐδ' ἀποστῆσαι τὴν τῷ θεῷ προσαγομένην τολμᾷ θυσίαν οὐδ' αὖ προσίεσθαι αὐτὴν ἐξουσιάζει· 26.58 ἀλλὰ ἦν ὁ τὴν θυσίαν ζητήσας μονογενὴς θεὸς λόγος χαριζόμενος τὸν μονογενῆ τῷ Ἀβραάμ, ὡς Παῦλος ἑρμηνεύει γράφων Ἑβραίοις οὑτωσί· «τῷ γὰρ Ἀβραὰμ ἐπαγγειλάμενος ὁ θεός»–ἅπερ ἐπηγγείλατό τε καὶ ἐποίησεν–»ἐπεὶ κατ' οὐδενὸς μείζονος εἶχεν ὀμόσαι, ὤμοσεν καθ' ἑαυτοῦ λέγων· ἦ μὴν εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω σε». 26.59 καὶ Ῥωμαίοις δὲ τὸν υἱὸν αὖθις καθ' ἑαυτοῦ ὀμνύοντα ἐξηγεῖται· «πάντες γὰρ παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ καθῶς γέγραπται· ζῶ ἐγώ, λέγει κύριος, ὅτι ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολο γήσεται τῷ θεῷ». 26.60 Καὶ τὸ ἐκ δεξιῶν δὲ συγκαθέζεσθαι τῷ πατρί, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ θεοφράστῳ γλώττῃ ἀναφθέγγεσθαι τὸν εὐαγγελιστὴν καθέδραν πρέπουσαν τῷ υἱῷ τὸν πατρικὸν εἶναι κόλπον εἰ μὴ σημαίνει τὸ ταυτούσιον καὶ ὁμότιμον καὶ τὸ χρῆναι σὺν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ προσκυνεῖσθαι τὸν μονογενῆ θεὸν καὶ υἱόν, ἀλλά–κατὰ ἄνθρωπον οὐ δέον ἐκδέχεσθαι γρὴ τὰ περὶ θεοῦ γεγραμμένα–μείζων καὶ ἐνδοξότερος κατ' αὐτούς ἐστιν ὁ ἐκ δεξιῶν, ὁ τὸν θεϊκὸν ἄφατον κόλπον ὡς τὸν χερουβικὸν ἔχων πολυῶπα θρόνον. 26.61 ὃ μὴ γένοιτο εἰπεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρρητοτάτης καὶ γαληνοτάτης τριάδος. 26.62 ὁ μὲν γὰρ ∆αυὶδ ᾄδει περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐν ρθʹ ψαλμῷ· «εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου· κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου»· 26.63 ὁ δὲ Παῦλος Ἑβραίοις ὑφηγεῖται· «ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ φέρων τε τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος, ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν 29 ὑψηλοῖς»· 26.64 ὁ δὲ εὐαγγελιστής· «ὁ μονογενὴς θεὸς ὁ ὢν ἐν τῷ κόλπῳ τοῦ πατρός, αὐτὸ ἐξηγήσατο». 27.ν Ὁμοίως θεολογία περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ, ὅτι «ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος» καὶ ὅτι «θεὸς μέγας» καί «ἐπὶ πάντων», «πρὸς ὃν οὐ λογισθήσε ται ἕτερος» καί «ἀληθινὸς θεός» καὶ «ζωὴ αἰώνιος» καί «μόνος δεσπότης» καί «μόνος θαυματουργός» καί «ὕψιστος» καί «βασιλεύς» καί «ἐξουσια στής» καί «πάντα ἐν πᾶσι Χριστός» καί τὰ λοιπά. 27.1 Τοσαῦτα μὲν περὶ τούτων ἤρκει· οὐκ ἠρεμοῦσι δὲ οἱ τῶν θείων μύσται καὶ τὰ τῆς προνοητικωτάτης πάντων τριάδος ζηλοῦντες ἄλλ' ἔτι ὑψηλά· καὶ οἷα περὶ τοῦ πατρός, τοιαῦτα καὶ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ θεολογοῦσιν, ὅτι «ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος» καὶ ὅτι «θεὸς μέγας» καί «ἐπὶ πάντων», «πρὸς ὃν οὐ λογισθήσεται ἕτερος» καί «ἀληθινὸς θεός» καί «ζωὴ αἰώνιος» καί «φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν» καί «μόνος δεσπότης» καί «μόνος ὕψιστος» καί «μόνος θαυματοποιός» καί «βασιλεὺς μέγας» καί «κύριος πάντων» καί
The Divinity of the Son in Prophecy§30
30"Creator" and "Ruler" and "His peace has no limit" and "Savior" and "Christ is all in all" and "Blessed forever," and that "great is the mystery of godliness," are clear; for among the Christians, Christ is praised as an unbegotten God, and that by his own divinity "he acquires the people," because he has consubstantiality with the Father.
Thus, the saints who are now to be remembered by us speak concerning these things, to whom God, according to Psalm 19, "made known the ways of life." David, in Psalm 67, prays: "Arise, O Lord my God, by command, which I have decreed, and let a gathering of peoples surround you, and return to the heights on account of this."
One perceives, as the prophet sees, that he knows the Lord and God, and he petitions him, saying "Arise" upon your unutterable becoming-human, in the manner which you foretold: "Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up" (John 2:19).
For on account of this, they say, of which salvation is surrounding us: "The nations shall surround you by faith; and you, from whence you came, shall return unseparatedly"; and in Psalm 45: "Great God, Lord, and great King over all the earth." And in Psalm 44: "From the risings of the sun even to the settings, the splendor of his beauty is from Zion; God shall come visibly"; and in Psalm 67: "Let God arise, and let his enemies be scattered," and "Make way for him who has set foot toward the west; Lord is his name"; and in Psalm 69: "Arise, O God, judge the earth."
Behold, how each word lifts up the glory concerning him and suffices to persuade that he exists as the essence of the Father's unity; and that the great writer calls God he who was placed in the tomb not without life, so that he might save both the living and those departed from human affairs, and he prophesies rising, judging those who have thought wisely regarding so much and such a great blessing.
Know, however, that "the west" refers to the last times; for in them this spectacle has visibly appeared to this world.
And in Psalm 69: "In the holy is your way. Who is a great God like our God? You are the God who does wonders alone." Here the incarnate God-Word is praised without words, he who entered into the Jewish temple and taught and worked wonders.
And in
Regarding the root: 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord; great God, Lord, and appeared to us' (Ps 2:2). 27.12 If it is logical according to the prophet that the Lord who appeared to us is 'great God' and 'blessed' (that is, glorified), and also 'great King' and 'only wonder-worker,' and is the Son—it is not logical according to the heretics to imply he is lesser than his own Father. 27.13 For it is not possible for the same person to possess these things first according to the prophecy, and second according to them.
27.14 If indeed we ask of the same Psalmist, we shall learn that just as the Father is known, so also the Son exists as the God of the forefathers. 27.15 For in the 44th Psalm he has cried out: 'God has reigned over the nations. God sits upon His holy throne; rulers of peoples have been gathered with the God of Abraham' (Ps 47:8). 27.16 But they were gathered together with the God who became man, concerning whom it is sung in the 2nd Psalm: 'Why did the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers were gathered together against the Lord and against His Christ' (Ps 2:2).
27.17 But Isaiah cries out to Him without comparison as the God the Father: 'From eternity we have not heard, nor have our eyes seen a God besides You' (Isa 64:4). 27.18 For we saw no other God than the one born according to the saving incarnation from the Virgin Mary, nor did we hear of any except the one attested by God the Father: 27.19 'This is my beloved Son' (Matt 3:17).
27.20 And again, as was foretold: 'A child was born to us, a Son was given, whose rule is upon His shoulder; and His name is called Mighty God, Ruler, Prince of Peace, Father of the age to come' (Isa 9:6). 27.21 He leads further with other things: 'And of His peace there is no limit.'
27.22 The Son, he says, having become man, was born as a child and was given to us, bearing upon His own shoulder the rule of this His downward birth, that is to say: He himself being the rule, having been born of a virgin and from her unspeakably having been made flesh, not granting the rule of a man's union. 27.23 And His name is: 'Mighty God, Ruler.' 27.24 He did not say 'one who has authority,' but revealed His nature, His power, His sovereignty. 27.25 Knowing this name, David sings: 'Let them know that Your name...'
Greek · §30
«δημιουργός» καί «ἐξουσιαστής» καί «τῆς εἰρήνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅριον» καί «σωτήρ» καί «πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν Χριστός» καί «εὐλογημένος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας» καὶ ὅτι «μέγα τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον» δῆλον δ' ὡς τὸ Χριστιανῶν, παρ' οἷς ἀγένητος θεὸς ὑμνεῖται ὁ Χριστός καὶ ὅτι τῇ ἑαυτοῦ θεότητι «περιποιεῖ τὸν λαόν», διὰ τὸ ὁμοουσίως ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα. 27.2 Τοιῶσδε τοίνυν περὶ τούτων λέγουσιν οἱ μνημονευθησόμενοι νῦν πρὸς ἡμῶν ἅγιοι, οἷς ὁ θεὸς κατὰ τὸν ιεʹ ψαλμόν «ἐγνώρισεν ὁδοὺς ζωῆς»· 27.3 ∆αυῒδ ἐν μὲν ζʹ ψαλμῷ εὐχόμενος· «ἐξεγέρθητι, κύριε ὁ θεός μου, ἐν προστάγματι, ᾧ ἐνετείλω, καὶ συναγωγὴ λαῶν κυκλώσει σε, καὶ ὑπὲρ ταύτης εἰς ὕψος ἐπίστρεψον». 27.4 αἰσθάνῃ, ὡς ὁ προφήτης κύριον καὶ θεὸν οἶδεν αὐτὸν καὶ δέεται αὐτοῦ λέγων «ἐξεγέρθητι» ἐπὶ τὴν ἀνεκλάλητον ἐνανθρώπησίν σου, τρόπῳ ᾧ προώρισας τῷ «λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν». 27.5 ὑπὲρ ταύτης γάρ φησιν τῆς· περιγινομένης ἡμῖν ἐντεῦθεν σωτηρίας· «τὰ μὲν ἔθνη τῇ πίστει κυκλώσει σε· σὺ δέ, ὅθεν ἦλθες, ἀχωρίστως ἐπάνελθε»· 27.6 ἐν δὲ μϛʹ· «θεὸς μέγας κύριος καὶ βασιλεὺς μέγας ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν». ἐν δὲ μθʹ· «ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου μέχρι δυσμῶν ἐκ Σιὼν ἡ εὐπρέπεια τῆς ὡραιότητος αὐτοῦ· ὁ θεὸς ἐμφανῶς ἥξει»· ἐν δὲ ξζʹ· «ἀναστήτω ὁ θεός, καὶ διασκορπισθήτωσαν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ» καί «ὁδοποιήσατε τῷ ἐπιβεβηκότι ἐπὶ δυσμάς· κύριος ὄνομα αὐτῷ» ἐν δὲ παʹ· «ἀνάστα, ὁ θεός, κρῖνον τὴν γῆν». 27.7 Ἄθρει μέν, πῶς ἑκάστη λέξις ἀνάπτει τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξαν καὶ ἐξαρκεῖ πεῖσαι τῆς πατρικῆς μονάδος ὑπάρχειν αὐτὸν οὐσίας· καὶ ὅτι ὁ μεγαλογράφος τὸν ἐν τάφῳ οὐ δίχα ζωῆς τεθέντα, ἵνα σὺν τοῖς ζῶσιν καὶ τοὺς ἀπελθόντας τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων σώσῃ, θεὸν καλεῖ καὶ ἀνίστασθαι τοῦ μνήματος προφητεύει κρινοῦντα τοὺς μετὰ τοσαύτην καὶ τηλικαύτην εὐεργεσίαν γηΐνως φρονήσαντας. 27.8 ἴσθι δέ, ὅτι «δυσμάς» τοὺς ἐσχάτους λέγει καιρούς. ἐν αὐτοῖς γὰρ ἐπέστη ἐμφανῶς τῷδε τῷ θεατῷ κόσμῳ. 27.9 Ἐν δὲ οϛʹ· «ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ἡ ὁδός σου. τίς θεὸς μέγας ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν; σὺ εἶ ὁ θεὸς ὁ ποι ῶν θαυμάσια μόνος». 27.10 τὸν σαρκωθέντα θεὸν λόγον ἀνευφημεῖ κἀνταῦθα τὸν ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊκῷ ἱερῷ ἐμφιλοχωρήσαντα καὶ διδάξαντα καὶ θαυματουργήσαντα· 27.11 Ἐν δὲ τῷ ριζʹ· «εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου· θεὸς μέγας κύριος καὶ ἐπέ φανεν ἡμῖν». 27.12 εἰ εὐλόγως παρὰ τῷ προφήτῃ «θεὸς μέγας» καὶ εἰ «εὐλογημένος», ὅ ἐστιν δεδοξασμένος, καί «βασιλεὺς μέγας» καί «μόνος θαυματουργός» ὑπάρχει ὁ ἐπιφανεὶς ἡμῖν κύριος, ἔστιν δὲ ὁ υἱός, –ἀλόγως παρὰ αἱρετικοῖς μικρότερος τοῦ ἰδίου πατρὸς ὑπονοεῖται. 27.13 οὐκ ἐνδέχεται γὰρ τὸν αὐτὸν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ πρώτως μὲν ἔχειν κατὰ τὴν προφητείαν, δευτέρως δὲ κατ' ἐκείνους. 27.14 Εἰ δὴ πυθόμεθα τοῦ αὐτοῦ ψαλμῳδοῦ, μαθησόμεθα, ὅτι ἐπίσταται ὡς τὸν πατέρα οὕτω καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ὑπάρχοντα θεὸν τῶν προπατόρων. 27.15 ἐν γὰρ μϛʹ ψαλμῷ κέκραγεν· «ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη. ὁ θεὸς κάθηται ἐπὶ θρόνου ἁγίου αὐτοῦ· ἄρχοντες λαῶν 30 συνήχθησαν μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ Ἀβραάμ». 27.16 συνεκκλησιάσθησαν δὲ μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐνανθρωπήσαντος, περὶ οὗ ᾄδεται ἐν βʹ ψαλμῷ· «ἱνατί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά; παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ». 27.17 Ἠσαΐας δὲ ἀσύγκριτον αὐτὸν ὡς τὸν θεὸν πατέρα βοᾷ· «ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος οὐκ ἠκούσαμεν οὐδὲ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν εἶδον θεὸν πλὴν σοῦ». 27.18 ἄλλον γὰρ οὐκ εἴδομεν θεὸν ἢ τὸν ἐκ παρθένου Μαρίας κατὰ τὴν σωτήριον ἐνανθρώπησιν τεχθέντα οὐδὲ ἠκούσαμεν, εἰ μὴ τὸν μαρτυρηθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πατρός· 27.19 «οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός» 27.20 καὶ πάλιν, ὡς προελέχθη· «παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν, υἱὸς καὶ ἐδόθη, οὗ ἡ ἀρχὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ· καὶ καλεῖται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ θεὸς ἰσχυρός, ἐξουσιαστής, ἄρχων εἰρήνης, πατὴρ τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος». 27.21 μεθ' ἕτερά τε ἐπάγει· «καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅριον». 27.22 ὁ υἱός, φησίν, τοῦ θεοῦ ἐνανθρωπήσας ἐγεννήθη παιδίον καὶ ἐδόθη ἡμῖν φέρων αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ ταύτης αὐτοῦ τῆς κάτω γεννήσεως τὴν ἀρχήν, τοῦτ' ἔστιν· αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ ἀρχὴ τυγχάνων ἐν τῷ ἀρεύστως ὑπὸ παρθένου καὶ ἐξ αὐτῆς ἀρρήτως σαρκωθέντα τεχθῆναι, συνουσίας ἀνδρὸς ἀρχὴν οὐ παρασχόμενος. 27.23 ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῷ· «θεὸς ἰσχυρός, ἐξουσιαστής». 27.24 οὐκ εἶπεν· «ὑπεξούσιος», ἀλλ' ἐφανέρωσεν αὐτοῦ τὴν φύσιν, τὴν δύναμιν, τὴν αὐθεντείαν. 27.25 Ὅπερ ὄνομα γινώσκων ∆αυῒδ ψάλλει· «γνώτωσαν, ὅτι ὄνομά σοι
The Fullness of Deity and the Economy of Salvation§31
31Lord: 'you alone are most high over all the earth' (Psalm 53:6), saying 'alone' because of the one divinity. He called him Father of eternity, being the creator of the past agesause he was known by men much more through the temporal aspect of the economy.
Therefore, he called him Father, as a creator and not of uncreated nature; for one is the Father of the uncreated and consubstantial Son. And to demonstrate his divinity, he said something simple: 'there is no limit to his peace.'
And Jeremiah, or rather, for the book of Baruch is one of both, solemnly speaks about him: 'This is our God; no other shall be reckoned against him (Isaiah 42:8). He found every way of knowledge and gave it to Jacob his child and to Israel, the one beloved by him; after these things he appeared upon the earth and walked among men.'
If, therefore, it is not conceived in a God-befitting manner that the present scripture was spoken thus because of the shared divinity of both the unutterable hypostases, it remains to say, effectively blaspheming, that the one who created is God and Father, but not our God, and is not comparable to his Son.
Thus, the word of those who slander has fallen away and spread, making the God the Word smaller and a subordinate. For how could another be incomparable to God, 'to whom no other shall be reckoned against him'?
And again: 'gods, who did not make heaven and earth, destroyed upon the earth; Lord, who made the heavens in wisdom, he is the living and true God' (Psalm 95:3), as if there were another divinity that is not true, except that of the genuine Son of God, through whom and from whom and by whom the heavens were also provided for the whole world.
And Paul, the preeminent of men, following the same sequence, gives words fittingly concerning him, writing to Titus: 'awaiting the blessed hope and the appearance of the glory of the great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave himself for us, to redeem us from all lawlessness and to cleanse for himself a people of his own, zealous for good works' (Titus 2:13).
For through the being called 'the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ,' it is made manifest that he does not have a second-rank status in essence, and the distinction of the unoriginate toward the great God the Father.
For according to appearances it is possible to conclude that if the Son is small, how will the Father be great? If the Word God 'was when he was not' (John 1:1), he was when the name of the Father did not exist. Let it be gracious to us that we dare to say such things because of the ignorance of others. 'For piety is a beautiful habit', they say, 'for those using it'.
But through the saying 'of the one giving himself for us, in order that he might cleanse for himself a people of his own possession' (Hebrews 5:9)—not for another in order that he might cleanse a people—it follows what has been mentioned. For it signifies that he himself, the one single, self-possessing and good deity, who is the cause of all, has been determined. For it is a peculiar thing for a creator, indeed, not to surpass his own creation, if it must be said so of his own work; but for the deity of a beloved Son, having no difference from the Father, to acquire the people for himself.
And this great and true interpreter leads the argument to demonstrate that he is at once a philanthropic Savior God, and at once, as he himself veiled himself and did not show himself as superior in deity, to become with us as one of us, through a change and through sin, he asserts: 'When indeed the kindness and the philanthropy of our Savior God appeared, not because of the works which we ourselves did, but according to his great mercy, he saved us through the bath of regeneration and the renewal of the Holy Spirit'.
And he also reproaches the Colossians and makes a disparagement of the primary theology concerning him by the writings, as it has already been said in the chapter 'on the consubstantial': 'Why according to the tradition of men, according to the elements of the world, and not according to Christ Jesus? For in him dwells all the fullness of deity bodily' (Colossians 2:9), that is, essentially. For he also is by nature a fullness, the Father's deity existing in essence.
For 'being equal to God was not considered a robbery' (Philippians 2:6); but we received from the fullness because of his goodness. Which we by nature as slaves did not have, John saying: 'And from his fullness we all have received, and grace for grace' (John 1:16), that is, the grace of the rebirth instead of the grace which we were cast away from, striking at the first law given upon the single stock. 'For no longer,'
Greek · §31
κύριος· σὺ εἶ μόνος ὕψιστος ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν», τό «μόνος» διὰ τὴν μίαν θεότητα εἰπών. 27.26 Πατέρα δὲ αὐτὸν μέλλοντος ἐκάλεσεν αἰῶνος, ὄντα καὶ τῶν παρελθόντων αἰώνων δημιουργὸν διὰ τὸ ἀπὸ χρόνου τοῦ τῆς οἰκονομίας ἐγνῶσθαι αὐτὸν πολὺ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. 27.27 κτιστῆς τοίνυν καὶ οὐκ ἀκτίστου φύσεως εἶπεν αὐτὸν πατέρα· εἷς γὰρ ὁ ἀκτίστου καὶ ὁμοουσίου υἱοῦ πατήρ. 27.28 παραδεικνὺς δὲ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀμέγεθες ἔφη· «τῆς εἰρήνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅριον». 27.29 Καὶ Ἱερεμίας δὲ ἤτοι Βαρούχ βίβλος γὰρ μία ἀμφοτέρων ἐστίν σεμνηγορεῖ περὶ αὐτοῦ· «οὗτος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν· οὐ λογισθήσεται ἕτερος πρὸς αὐτόν. ἐξεῦρεν πᾶσαν ὁδὸν ἐπιστήμης καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν Ἰακὼβ τῷ παιδὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἰσραὴλ τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ· μετὰ ταῦτα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὤφθη καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις συνανεστράφη». 27.30 Εἰ οὖν μὴ θεοπρεπῶς νοηθείη, ὅτι διὰ τὸ ταυτὸν τῆς θεότητος ἄμφω τῶν ἀπορρήτων ὑποστάσεων ἡ προκειμένη γραφὴ οὕτως ἐρρήθη, λείπεται ἀθεήσαντα εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ὁ τεκὼν αὐτὸς θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ οὐ θεὸς ἡμῶν οὐδὲ συγκρίνεται τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ. 27.31 Ἐκπέπτωκεν δὴ οὖν καὶ εἰσπάμπαν ἠφάνισται ὁ λόγος τῶν διαβαλλόντων μικρότερον καὶ ὑπουργὸν τὸν θεὸν λόγον. 27.32 πῶς γὰρ ἂν ἄλλος εἴη ἀσύγκριτος πρὸς τὸν θεόν, «πρὸς ὃν οὐ λογισθήσεται ἕτερος»; 27.33 καὶ πάλιν· «θεοί, οἳ τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν οὐκ ἐποίησαν, ἀπολέσθωσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· κύριος, ὃς ἐποίησεν τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἐν συνέσει, αὐτὸς θεὸς ζῶν καὶ ἀληθινός», ὡς ἄλλης θεότητος μὴ οὔσης ἀληθινῆς, εἰ μὴ τῆς τοῦ γνησίου υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ παρ' οὗ καὶ παρ' οὗ ἅμα παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ οἱ οὐρανοὶ παρεκομίσθησαν. 27.34 Καὶ ὁ ἔξοχος δὲ ἀνδρῶν Παῦλος τὴν αὐτὴν ἀκολουθίαν τοῖς προφήταις τηρῶν τοὺς πρέποντας περὶ αὐτοῦ ἀποδίδωσι λόγους, γράφων Τίτῳ μέν· «προσδεχόμενοι τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, ἵνα λυτρώ σηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας καὶ καθαρίσῃ ἑαυτῷ λαὸν περιούσιον, ζηλω τὴν ἔργων». 27.35 ∆ιὰ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ ἀναφθέγγεσθαι «τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ» δηλοῖ τὸ μὴ δευτέρως ἔχειν κατ' οὐσίαν καὶ τὸ ἄναρχον πρὸς τὸν μέγα θεὸν πατέρα. 27.36 καὶ κατὰ τὸ φαινόμενον γὰρ ἔστι συνιδεῖν, ὅτι εἰ μικρὸς ὁ υἱός, πῶς ἔσται μέγας ὁ πατήρ; 27.37 εἰ "4ἦν, ὅτε οὐκ ἦν"5 ὁ θεὸς λόγος, ἦν, ὅτε πατρὸς ὄνομα οὐχ ὑπῆρχεν. 27.38 ἔστω δὲ ἵλεω ἡμῖν τοιαῦτα λέγειν τολμῶσιν διὰ τὴν ἄλλων ἀγνωμοσύνην. 27.39 «ἡ γὰρ εὐλάβεια 31 καλὸν ἔθος», φασί, «τοῖς χρωμένοις». 27.40 ∆ιὰ δὲ τοῦ φράζειν «τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, ἵνα καθαρίσῃ ἑαυτῷ λαὸν περιούσιον» οὐχὶ δέ· ἄλλῳ ἵνα καθαρίσῃ λαόν, ἀκόλουθα τῶν μνημονευθέντων προσεπιτίκτει. 27.41 σημαίνει γὰρ αὐτὸν τὴν μίαν αὐτεξούσιον καὶ ἀγαθὴν θεότητα τὴν πάντων αἰτίαν διακεκληρῶσθαι. 27.42 ἴδιον γὰρ δημιουρ γοῦ μὲν καὶ οὐ δημιουργήματος τὸ ὑπεραποθανεῖν, εἰ οὕτω χρὴ φάναι, τοῦ ἰδίου ποιήματος· υἱοῦ δὲ ἀγαπητοῦ θεότητα καὶ βασιλείαν οὐ διάφορον ἔχοντος μετὰ πατρὸς τὸ ἑαυτῷ τὸν λαὸν περιποιῆσαι. 27.43 Ἄγων δὲ τὸν λόγον ὁ πολὺς οὗτος καὶ ἀληθὴς ἐξηγητὴς εἰς τὸ ἀποδεῖξαι αὐτὸν ἅμα μὲν φιλάνθρωπον σωτήριόν τε θεόν, ἅμα δὲ ὡς ἑαυτὸν ἐδυσώπησεν καὶ οὐ κρείττονι εἶξεν θεότητι, γενέσθαι μεθ' ἡμῶν ὡς εἷς ἐξ ἡμῶν, τροπῆς δίχα καὶ ἁμαρτίας, φάσκει· 27.44 «ὅτε δὴ ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ, οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ὧν ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου». 27.45 Κολοσσαεῦσι δὲ καὶ μέμφεται καὶ καταβολὴν τῆς πρωτίστης θεολογίας περὶ αὐτοῦ ποιεῖται γράφων, ὡς ἤδη ἐν τῷ «περὶ ὁμοουσίου» εἴρηται κεφαλαίῳ· «διὰ τί κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, κατὰ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου, καὶ οὐ κατὰ Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν; ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος σωματικῶς», τοῦτ' ἔστιν οὐσιωδῶς. 27.46 καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος φύσει πλήρωμά ἐστιν αὐτὸ ἡ πατρικὴ θεότης ὑπάρχων τῇ οὐσίᾳ. 27.47 «Οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν γὰρ ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ»· 27.48 ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος δι' ἀγαθότητα αὐτοῦ χάριν ἐλάβομεν. ἣνπερ φύσει ὡς δοῦλοι οὐκ εἴχομεν κατὰ Ἰωάννην λέγοντα· «καὶ ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν, καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάρι τος», τοῦτ' ἔστιν τὴν τῆς ἀναγεννήσεως ἀντὶ ἧς ἀπεβάλομεν χάριτος παρακρουσάμενοι τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ ἑνὶ φυτῷ πρώτην θεσμοδοσίαν. 27.49 «οὐκέτι γάρ»,
The Manifestation of the Son's Divinity§32
32He says, 'you are under law, but under grace' (Rom 6:14); and again, 'because in him all the fullness was pleased to dwell and through him to reconcile all things to himself' (Col 1:19-20).
These things follow the previous ones. For the Father being in the Son and the Son in the Father by nature, just as every relative is inseparable as he becomes of his own kin, even if he is divided by subsistence, the argument on the moving ground is good, even if not very deeply, but not to all clearly: 'through him and to him to reconcile all things' (Col 1:20), as it is fitting to harmonize the Son with that which was said concerning the Father: 'from whom all things' (Rom 5:17), if what has been said now and then is held soundly; 'in whom dwells all the fullness of deity' (Col 2:9).
And having written to Timothy, he theologized about him to the end, and from both sets of words he taught that the Father is not according to deity by nature. For he said such as this: 'unquestionably great is the mystery of piety: God was manifested in the flesh, justified in the spirit, appeared to angels, was preached to the Gentiles, was believed in the world, was taken up in glory' (1 Tim 3:16).
For this creator and benefactor of all things was not yet clearly manifest to all, when he became willing through the salvation of all and as one of all. Therefore, 'was justified in the spirit,' that is, he was shown or confirmed even by those who had ignored him in later time to be a true God; and this, he says, is not without reason, but by that movement of our soul, as common custom has it to say: 'he who was thus justified was truly the Son of this one,' providing a proof of lineage; and at other times: 'he who was thus justified ruled well.'
And so that the argument might appear more convincing, it is said he was deemed worthy even of angels, to whom, because of his divine infinity and unseeability, he was invisible before that time, similarly to the 'only invisible God,' and to be hymned by them: 'glory to God in the highest and on earth peace, in men goodwill' (Luke 2:14); and it has been preached in all this and believed, that he who shone out unceasingly from the unspeakable light, and through philanthropy was ineffably begotten from the eternally virgin in later times, expressing all the Fatherly things in himself, has ascended.
speaks without profanity
Greek · §32
φησίν, «ἐστὲ ὑπὸ νόμον, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ χάριν»· 27.50 καὶ αὖθις· «ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ εὐδόκησε πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα κατοικῆσαι καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ ἀποκαταλ λάξαι τὰ πάντα εἰς αὐτόν». 27.51 Ἑπόμενα καὶ ταῦτα τοῖς πρόσθεν. τοῦ γὰρ πατρὸς ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ πατρὶ τῇ φύσει τυγχάνοντος, ὡς καὶ πᾶν συγγενὲς ἀχώριστόν πως τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ συγγενοῦς καθέστηκεν, κἂν τῇ ὑποστάσει διέζευκται, καλὸς καὶ ὁ ἐν τῷ κινουμένῳ ἐδαφίῳ λόγος, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἄγαν βαθέως, ἀλλ' οὐ πᾶσιν εὐσυνόπτως· «δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἀποκαταλλάσσειν τὰ πάντα», ὡς ἁρμόττειν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ τὸ περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς χρησθέν· «ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα», εἴπερ ὑγιῶς ἔχει τά τε νῦν εἰρημένα τό τε· «ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος». 27.52 Καὶ Τιμοθέῳ δὲ γράψας εἰς ἄκρον ἐθεολόγησεν περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπ' ἀμφοῖν τῶν λέξεων τὸ μὴ εἶναι κατὰ θεότητα παρὰ φύσιν τὴν πατρικὴν ἐδίδαξεν. 27.53 εἶπεν γὰρ τοιῶσδε· «ὁμολογουμένως μέγα ἐστὶν τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον· θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι, ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις, ἐκηρύχθη ἔθνεσιν, ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ, ἀνελήφθη ἐν δόξῃ». 27.54 οὔπω γὰρ πᾶσιν σαφῶς ἔκδηλος ὢν οὗτος ὁ πάντων γενεσιουργὸς καὶ εὐεργέτης ἐκφανὴς εὑρέθη, ἡνίκα διὰ τὴν πάντων σωτηρίαν ἐγένετο ἐθελοντὴς καὶ ὡς εἷς τῶν πάντων. 27.55 Ὅθεν «ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι», τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἀπεφάνθη ἢτ' οὖν ἐβεβαιώθη καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἀγνοησάντων αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ὄπισθεν χρόνῳ ἀληθινὸς εἶναι θεός· καὶ τοῦτο, φησίν, οὐκ ἀβασανίστως, ἀλλ' αὐτῇ τῇ ψυχικῇ ἡμῶν κινήσει, ὡς ἡ κοινὴ συνήθεια ἔχει λέγειν· "4ὁ δεῖνα ἐδικαιώθη ἀληθινὸς εἶναι υἱὸς τοῦδε"5, πίστιν γένους παρασχόμενος· καὶ ἄλλοτε· "4ὁ δεῖνα ἐδικαιώθη καλῶς ἡγεμονεύειν"5. 27.56 Καὶ ἵνα πιστικώτερος ὁ λόγος φανῇ, ὦφθαι αὐτὸν ἀξιοῖ καὶ ἀγγέλοις, οἷστισι διὰ τὴν θείαν αὐτοῦ ἀπειρίαν καὶ ἀνειδεότητα ἀόρατος ἦν πρὸ ἐκείνου τοῦ χρόνου, ὁμοίως τῷ «μόνῳ ἀοράτῳ θεῷ», καὶ ὑπ' αὐτῶν ὑμνῆσθαι· «δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη, ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία»· κεκηρύχθαι δὲ ἐν τῷδε τῷ παντὶ καὶ πεπιστεῦσθαι, ὅτιπερ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ἀρρήτου φωτὸς ἀχρόνως ἐκλάμψας, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀειπαρθένου ἐν 32 ὑστέροις καιροῖς διὰ φιλανθρωπίαν ἀφράστως ἐτέχθη, τὰ πατρικὰ πάντα ἐκφήνας ἐν ἑαυτῷ· ἀναβεβηκέναι τε πρὸς τὸν πάντα περιειληφότα ἐν δόξῃ, ᾗ ἀεὶ ἐτύγχανεν ὢν μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. 27.57 Ἀξιόπιστος δὲ καὶ αὐτός, περὶ οὗ ὁ λόγος, τῇ ἰδίᾳ μαρτυρῶν θεότητι καὶ κυριότητι καὶ λέγων παρὰ Ματθαίῳ μὲν πρὸς τὸν διάβολον· «οὐ μὴ πειράσῃς κύριον τὸν θεόν σου», παρὰ Ἰωάννῃ πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστόλους· «ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτε με· ὁ κύριος καὶ ὁ διδάσκαλος· καὶ καλῶς λέγετε· εἰμὶ γάρ». 27.58 Θωμᾶς δὲ καὶ τύπους ἥλων, οὓς ἔσχεν δι' ἡμᾶς παρ' ἡμῶν ὁ σωτὴρ ὡς φιλάνθρωπος, ψηλαφήσας οὐκ ἐταράχθη οὐδὲ καθυφῆκεν τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ ἀνωτάτω δόξης· 27.59 ἠπίστατο γάρ, ὡς μόνης τῆς αὐτοκρατορικῆς ἀπειροδυνάμου καὶ ἀγαθωτάτης φύσεως ἦν, οὐ μὴν δὲ κτιστῆς, τὸ μόνον οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἰδίων κτισμάτων παθεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ καθολικὴν ἥν φαμεν καὶ γενικὴν σωτηρίαν, καὶ ταύτην αἰωνίως, δωρήσασθαι. 27.60 τοιγάρτοι κἀντεῦθεν μᾶλλον ἐπιθαρσήσας ἀντεισφέρει αὐτῷ τὴν βεβαίαν πίστιν καὶ ἀνευφημεῖ· «ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου». 27.61 Καὶ ἐν ταῖς καθολικαῖς δὲ ἐπιστολαῖς ἐξ ἴσου καὶ ὁμοιολέκτως τὸν υἱὸν τῷ πατρὶ θεολογοῦντες ἔγραψαν, ὡς προελέχθη, Ἰωάννης μὲν ὁ πολὺς ἐν θεολόγοις· «καὶ οἴδαμεν», φησίν, «ὅτι ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ἥκει καὶ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν διάνοιαν, ἵνα γινώσκωμεν τὸν ἀληθινὸν θεόν· καὶ ἐσμὲν ἐν τῷ ἀληθινῷ, τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀληθινὸς θεὸς καὶ ζωὴ αἰώνιος». 27.62 ἄλλον, φησίν, μὴ ζήτει τῇ οὐσίᾳ θεὸν ἢ υἱὸν θεοῦ. 27.63 δὶς γὰρ εἶπόν σοι ἐπὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀληθινόν, ὅτι τε «υἱὸς ἀληθινὸς» καὶ «θεὸς ἀληθινός», δεδωκὼς διάνοιαν τοῖς λαβεῖν ἀξίοις· ὥστε ἔχειν εἰδέναι ὡς ἀληθῶς γεγέννηται καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐστι τῷ τεκόντι θεῷ ὁμοούσιος. 27.64 Ἰούδας δὲ ὁ εἰς τοὺς δυοκαίδεκα μονοκτήτορα ὡρίσατο αὐτὸν ὡς τὴν ἐπὶ πάντων καὶ διὰ πάντων καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν πατρικὴν διακληρωσάμενον θεότητα, οὑτωσί που τοῖς ἁπανταχοῦ γράψας· «παρεισέδυσαν γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι πάλαι προγεγραμμένοι εἰς τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα ἀσεβεῖς, τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριν μετατιθέντες εἰς ἀσέλγειαν καὶ τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἀρνούμενοι». 27.65 Ἀλλὰ καὶ Πέτρος ὁ ἐν ἀποστόλοις κορυφαῖος ἐν ταῖς πράξεσιν φαίνεται εἰπών· «τὸν λόγον, ὃν ἀπέστειλεν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ, εὐαγγελιζόμενος εἰρήνην διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ· οὗτός ἐστι πάντων
The Name of the Son and the Judgment of the Leaders§33
33Lord. Therefore, how or when could you be inserted into such clear, equal, and incomparable oracles of the Father? 28.n Concerning the bringing forth of all good by the Son and being 'sun of righteousness and healing' (Mal 4:2) and 'treasure of wisdom and knowledge' (Col 2:3) and 'light', and the believers becoming 'sons of light, not stumbling in him'.
28.1 For those having hymned about him differently, demonstrating to us his divinity and his perfect presiding over his own works, teach that he is the provider of every good and a light that is good-looking and good-making and an intellectual sun, by whom the eyes of the unerring and receptive souls are made brilliant by the light from himself, and leading them into an inward contemplation and making them see things which they had not previously seen through sin by themselves, or even making the whole complete man light-like, just as the sun makes the bodies in which it arises sun-like; and furthermore, that he also is an unexhaustible and all-sufficient healing and 'treasure of wisdom and knowledge'.
28.2 And those sincerely disposed toward him become sons of light just as they do concerning his Father, as sons of God the Father, just as Malachi proclaims: 'the sun of righteousness shall rise for you who fear my name, and healing in his wings' (Mal 4:2); 28.3 and Peter in the second epistle: 'until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts' (2 Pet 1:19); 28.4 and he was saying, I think, that the one from his second appearance is about to rise to the souls as a light and making everything held by darkness shine brightly; 28.5 and also elsewhere: 'and the glory of the Lord has risen upon you' (Luke 1:78); 28.6 33 And Zechariah prophesied: 'if there is anything good, of him, and if there is anything beautiful, it will be from him' (Zech 6:12). 28.7 And Paul to the Colossians about him said: 'in whom are all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge hidden' (Col 2:3), but to the Romans: 'for he says', he says.
“The Scripture says: ‘Everyone believing upon it will not be ashamed’ (Rom 10:9). For there is no distinction of Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is of all, rich toward all who call upon him. For everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved (Rom 10:12-13).”
What name do they call upon the Son, those not saying he is uncreated God or the Son consubstantial with the Father, but calling him the fine net, the savior of heaven and earth and sea? And John similarly says concerning him: “As you have light, believe into the light, so that you become sons of light” (John 8:12).
For after death, he says, there is no repentance, as David sings: “And in Hades, who will confess to you?” (Ps 16:10). And again from the Savior: “Having gone, announce to John what you see and hear: the blind see again, the lame walk, and the dead are raised, and the poor are evangelized; and blessed is he who is not scandalized in me” (Matt 11:4-6).
For what will he say concerning the erring ones and those who lead astray? Isaiah foretold: “My people, those blessing you lead you astray and trouble the path of your feet. But now the Lord will be established for judgment and will set the people for judgment. The Lord himself will come for judgment with the elders of the people and with his rulers. But you, what have you done to my vineyard?” (Isa 5:1-7).
And the Lord himself will come for judgment with the teachers and rulers, not as he himself is to be judged by another, but as one who will convict them, just as he speaks in another part: “Come, let us examine, says the Lord, what things have come to be from me to you and what things have come to be from you to me and to my servants” (Isa 43:26).
For he says “vineyard” regarding the world or the people, whom the heretical and Jewish interpreters made guilty through blasphemous teaching regarding the fire of Gehenna, while the rulers, not owning what belongs to him and having made use of the authority, wronged in various and diverse ways.
Greek · §33
κύριος». 27.66 τοῦ οὖν ἢ πῶς ἢ πότε τοσαύταις ἐναργέσι τε καὶ ἰσοτρόποις καὶ ἀπαραλλάκτοις τοῦ πατρὸς τετιμημένος χρῃσμωδίαις ἀνόμοιος εἰσκομισθείη; 28.ν Περὶ τοῦ τὸν υἱὸν πᾶν ἀγαθὸν ἀνατέλλειν καὶ εἶναι «ἥλιον δικαιοσύνης καί ἴασιν» καί «θησαυρὸν σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως» καί «φῶς», καὶ τοὺς πιστεύ οντας καί «μὴ σκανδαλιζομένους εἰς αὐτόν» «υἱοὺς φωτὸς γίνεσθαι». 28.1 Οἱ γοῦν περὶ αὐτοῦ ὑμνηκότες διαφόρως ἡμῖν τὴν θεότητα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ τελέως αὐτὸν προεστάναι τῶν οἰκείων ἔργων ἐπιδεικνύντες διδάσκουσιν, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστι παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ παρεκτικὸς καὶ φῶς ἀγαθοειδὲς καὶ ἀγαθοποιὸν καὶ ἥλιος νοητός, τῷ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ἀλήκτῳ φωτὶ ἀπολαμπρύνων τὰ ὄμματα τῶν ἀπλανῶν καὶ δεκτικῶν ψυχῶν καὶ εἴσω τῆς νοητῆς ἄγων περιωπῆς καὶ ποιῶν ὁρᾶν, ἃ μὴ πρότερον δι' ἁμαρτίας ὁρᾶν καθ' αὑτὰ ἐπεφύκει, ἢ καὶ ὅλον τὸν ἄρτιον ἄνθρωπον φωτοειδῆ ποιῶν, ὡς ὁ ἥλιος ἡλιοειδῆ τὰ σώματα τὰ ἐν οἷς παραγίνεται· ἔτι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἴασις καί «θησαυρὸς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως» ἀδαπάνητος καὶ πανταρκὴς τυγχάνει. 28.2 Καὶ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν εἰλικρινῶς διακείμενοι ὡς καὶ περὶ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ υἱοὶ φωτὸς γίνονται καθὰ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ πατρός, ὡς ἡνίκα διακηρύττουσιν Μαλαχίας μέν· «ἀνατελεῖ ὑμῖν τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομά μου ἥλιος δικαιοσύνης, καὶ ἴασις ἐν ταῖς πτέρυξιν αὐτοῦ»· 28.3 Πέτρος δὲ ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ· «ἕως οὗ ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ καὶ φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν»· 28.4 ἔλεγεν δέ, οἶμαι, τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς δευτέρας αὐτοῦ ἐπιφανείας ἀνίσχειν μέλλοντα ταῖς ψυχαῖς φωτισμὸν καὶ πάντα καταφαιδρύνοντα τὰ σκότῳ κεκρατημένα· 28.5 καὶ ἑτέρωθι· «καὶ ἡ δόξα κυρίου ἐπὶ σὲ ἀνατέταλκεν»· 28.6 33 Ζαχαρίας δὲ προεφήτευσεν· «εἴ τι ἀγαθόν, αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἴ τι καλόν, παρ' αὐτοῦ ἔσται». 28.7 καὶ Παῦλος πρὸς μὲν Κολοσσαεῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔφη· «ἐν ᾧ εἰσιν πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι», πρὸς δὲ Ῥωμαίους· «λέγει γάρ», φησίν, «ἡ γραφή· πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ἐπ' αὐτῷ οὐ καταισχυνθή σεται. οὐ γάρ ἐστι διαστολὴ Ἰουδαίου καὶ Ἕλληνος· ὁ γὰρ αὐτὸς κύριος πάντων πλουτῶν εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους αὐτόν. πᾶς γάρ, ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου, σωθήσεται». 28.8 ποῖον δὲ ὄνομα ἐπικαλοῦνται τοῦ υἱοῦ, οἱ μηδὲ θεὸν ἄκτιστον μηδὲ υἱὸν ὁμοούσιον τῷ πατρὶ λέγοντες αὐτὸν τὸν καλλίνικον, τὸν σωτῆρα οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης; 28.9 Καὶ Ἰωάννης ὁμοίως περὶ αὐτοῦ· «ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε». 28.10 μετὰ γὰρ θάνατον, φησίν, μετάνοια οὐκ ἔστιν, ὡς καὶ ∆αυῒδ ψάλλει· «ἐν δὲ τῷ ᾅδῃ τίς ἐξομολογήσεταί σοι;» καὶ πάλιν ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος· «πορευθέντες ἀπαγγείλατε Ἰωάννῃ, ἃ βλέπετε καὶ ἀκούετε· τυφλοὶ ἀνα βλέπουσιν, χωλοὶ περιπατοῦσιν καὶ νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται καὶ πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελί ζονται· καὶ μακάριός ἐστιν ὃς ἐὰν μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί». 28.11 Τί γὰρ λέξει περὶ τῶν πλανωμένων καὶ τῶν πλανώντων; 28.12 Ἠσαΐας προεῖπεν· «λαός μου, οἱ μακαρίζοντες ὑμᾶς πλανῶσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ τὴν τρίβον τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ταράσσουσιν. ἀλλὰ νῦν καταστήσεται εἰς κρίσιν κύριος καὶ στήσει τὸν λαὸν εἰς κρίσιν. αὐτὸς κύριος εἰς κρίσιν ἥξει μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων αὐτοῦ. ὑμεῖς δὲ τί ἐνεπυρίσατε τὸν ἀμπελῶνά μου;». 28.13 ἥξει δὲ αὐτὸς κύριος εἰς κρίσιν μετὰ τῶν διδασκάλων καὶ ἀρχόντων, οὐχ ὡς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἄλλου κριθησόμενος, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐλέγξων αὐτούς, καθάπερ διαλαλεῖ ἐν ἄλλῳ μέρει· «δεῦτε καὶ διακριθῶμεν, λέγει κύριος, οἷα», φησίν, «τὰ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ὑπῆρξεν ὑμῖν καὶ οἷα τὰ ἀφ' ὑμῶν γέγονεν εἰς ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς δούλους μου». 28.14 λέγει γάρ «ἀμπελῶνα» τὸν κόσμον ἢ τὸν λαόν, ὅντινα οἱ μὲν αἱρετικῶν καὶ Ἰουδαίων ἐξηγηταὶ διὰ τῆς βλασφήμου διδασκαλίας ἔνοχον ἐποίησαν τῷ τῆς γεέννης πυρί, οἱ δ' ἄρχοντες, οὐκ οἰκειωσάμενοι τὰ κατ' αὐτόν, ἀποχρησάμενοι δὲ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ, ποικίλως καὶ διαφόρως ἠδίκησαν. 28.15
The Trinity's Equality and Divine Drawing§34
34In this way, it is also said to the same prophet from the Lord's person: 'Who is the one judging me? Let him stand against me; and who is the one judging me? Let him draw near to me' (cf. Isaiah/Malachi allusion); instead of: if anyone has the right to speak, strengthened by works, let him be brought forward to me willing to do this and let him approach the words.
28.16 But some read it thus: 'Who is the one judging me? Against'—this is to say, both facing and from a distance—'let him stand to me' as one lacking sufficient resourceseses and for this reason being compared to me and to test the purest step as unworthy. 28.17 For to those worthy, if they should happen to be of the good, there is no envy; for they are prepared.
29. On the matter of the Son of God being the 'judge of living and dead' providing forgiveness of sins, and that 'in no other is salvation'. 29.1 For He himself is 'the judge of living and dead', that is, of the righteous and the sinners, the one providing forgiveness of sins to those believing in his name and saving us by his own glory and gift.
29.2 And 'in no other is salvation', since his nature is propitiatory and savior, in no way inferior to the propitiating and saving God and Father, as the other scriptures exhort and indeed Micah says: 'Who is a god like you, who removes iniquity and overcomes iniquities?' (Micah 7:18).
29.3 And Peter in the Acts says thus: 'And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify, that he is the one appointed by God as judge of living and dead. By this all the prophets testify, that everyone believing in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name' (Acts 10:42).
29.4 We have him then spoken of favorably, appointed by God because of his saving incarnation, in which he came 'to seek and to save the lost' (Luke 19:10). Through which also it is written, 'for the Father does not judge anyone, but has given all judgment to the Son' (John 5:22); 29.5 but as a judge having been removed from the created things.
29.6 For the creation does not judge, but is subject to law and judgment. 29.7 And again: 'This is the stone which was rejected by you, the builders, and has become the head of the corner. And in no other is salvation' (Psalm 118:22).
29.8 But also the second letter sends universally, having this among other things about him: 'how all things of his divine power are toward life and piety...'
Since a special glory and virtue have been granted through the knowledge of Him who called us, through which the greatest and most precious gospels have been granted to us, so that through them we might become partakers of the divine nature. Therefore also James, in general terms, said: 'One is the lawgiver and judge, who is able to save and to destroy' (James 1:17).
What, then, is the need for a multitude of scriptures for this? And the Samaritans, according to John the accurate divine seer, being men of good discernment, who did not reject the voices: 'For we ourselves have heard and we know that this is truly the Savior of the world, the Christ' (John 4:42), who says, he says, gently: 'Be of good courage, child, your sins are forgiven you' (Luke 7:50).
Concerning the revealing of the Son by the Father through the equality of the Trinity and drawing us to Him, and again the Son and the Holy Spirit presenting us to the Father. In the same way also concerning the confession of Peter, and that it is repentance.
For so that it might be demonstrated through all things the equality of the blessed Trinity regarding all things, the Father reveals to us His own Son and draws us through Himself to Him and admits us into His kingdom; and again the Son and the Holy Spirit present us to God and Father. For God would not have transferred us into a different substance or a greater, nor into subordinates like His own scepter.
Therefore the new covenant has fulfilled the old through the faith into the Son and the divine Spirit. And thus the God the Father says in Isaiah to the Son: 'Behold, those who come near shall come to you through me, and they shall reside with you, and upon you they shall take refuge' (Isaiah 60:3); and the Son in John: 'No one is able to come to me, unless the Father who is in heaven draws him, and I will raise him up on the last day' (John 6:44).
And again, regarding Peter saying, 'You are the Christ, the Son of the living God' (John 11:27), he said: 'Blessed are you, Peter, son of Jonah, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father who is in the heavens. And I say to you, that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. And I will give you the keys of the heavens, and whatever you shall bind upon the earth shall be bound in the heavens, and whatever you shall loose upon the earth shall be loosed in the heavens' (Matthew 16:17-19).
Greek · §34
Τοιουτότροπον γὰρ καὶ ἄλλο εἴρηται τῷ αὐτῷ προφήτῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσποτικοῦ προσώπου· «τίς ὁ κρινόμενός μοι; ἀντιστήτω μοι· καὶ τίς ὁ κρινόμενός μοι; ἐγγισάτω μοι»· ἀντὶ τοῦ· εἴ τις ἔχει δίκαια λέγειν, ὡς ἔργοις ὠχυρωμένος, ἀντενεχθήτω μοι θέλοντι τοῦτο καὶ πλησιασάτω τοῖς λόγοις. 28.16 ἔνιοι δὲ ἀναγινώσκουσι τοιῶσδε· «τίς ὁ κρινόμενός μοι; ἀντί» τοῦτ' ἔστι καταντικρὺ καὶ πόρρω που «στήτω μου» ὡς μὴ ἔχων ἐφόδια καλὰ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο συγκριθῆναί μοι καὶ ἐπιψαῦσαι τοῦ καθαρωτάτου βήματος ἀνάξιος. 28.17 τοῖς γὰρ ἀξίοις, εἰ τυγχάνοιεν τῶν καλῶν, οὐδεὶς φθόνος· αὐτοῖς γὰρ ἡτοίμασται. 29.ν Περὶ τοῦ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι «κριτὴν ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν» ἄφεσιν ἁμαρ τιῶν παρέχοντα, καὶ ὅτι «ἐν οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ ἐστὶν ἡ σωτηρία». 29.1 Αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστιν «ὁ κριτὴς ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν», τουτέστιν δικαίων καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν, ὁ παρέχων ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ καὶ σώζων ἡμᾶς ἰδίᾳ δόξῃ καὶ δωρεᾷ. 29.2 καί «ἐν οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ ἐστὶν σωτηρία», ἐπείπερ τὴν φύσιν ἐστὶν ἵλεως καὶ σωτήρ, εἰς οὐδὲν καταδεέστερος τοῦ ἵλεω καὶ σώζοντος θεοῦ καὶ πατρός, ὡς χρησμῳδοῦσιν αἵ τε ἄλλαι γραφαὶ καὶ μέντοι Μιχαίας λέγων· «τίς θεὸς ὥσπερ σὺ ἐξαίρων ἀνομίας καὶ ὑπερβαίνων ἀδικίας;» 29.3 Καὶ Πέτρος ἐν ταῖς πράξεσιν οὑτωσί· «καὶ παρήγγειλεν ἡμῖν κηρύξαι τῷ λαῷ καὶ διαμαρτύρασθαι, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ ὡρισμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κριτὴς ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν. τούτῳ πάντες οἱ προ φῆται μαρτυροῦσιν, ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν λαβεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ πάντα τὸν πιστεύοντα εἰς αὐτόν». 29.4 Ἔχομεν αὐτὸν τοίνυν εὐφημηθέντα, ὡρισμένον ὑπὸ 34 θεοῦ διὰ τὴν σωτήριον ἐνανθρώπησιν αὐτοῦ, ἐν ᾗ ἦλθεν «ζητῆσαι καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός». δι' ἣν καὶ τό «οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν τὴν κρίσιν δέδωκεν τῷ υἱῷ» γέγραπται· 29.5 κριτὴν δὲ ὡς ἐξῃρημένον τῶν κτισμάτων. 29.6 τὸ γὰρ κτίσμα οὐ κρίνει, ἀλλὰ νόμῳ καὶ κρίσει ὑπόκειται. 29.7 Καὶ πάλιν· «οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ λίθος ὁ ἐξουδενωθεὶς ὑφ' ὑμῶν τῶν οἰκοδόμων, ὁ γενόμενος εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας. καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία». 29.8 Ἀλλὰ καὶ καθολικὰ τὸ δεύτερον πέμπει γράμματα, μεταξὺ ἄλλων περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔχοντα καὶ τοῦτο· «ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ τὰ πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ εὐσέβειαν δεδωρημένης διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ καλέσαντος ἡμᾶς ἰδίᾳ δόξῃ καὶ ἀρε τῇ, δι' ὧν τὰ μέγιστα καὶ τίμια ἡμῖν εὐαγγέλματα δεδώρηται, ἵνα διὰ τού των γένησθε θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως». 29.9 ∆ιὸ καὶ Ἰάκωβος ἐν γενικοῖς χαράγμασιν ἔφη· «εἷς ἐστιν ὁ νομοθέτης καὶ κριτής, ὁ δυνάμενος σῶσαι καὶ ἀπολέσαι». 29.10 Τί δὲ πλήθους δεῖ γραφῶν εἰς τοῦτο λοιπόν; καὶ Σαμαρειτῶν παρὰ Ἰωάννῃ τῷ ἀκριβεῖ θεηγόρῳ, εὐγνωμόνων ἀνδρῶν, ἀφιέντων φωνάς· «αὐτοὶ γάρ», φησίν, «ἀκηκόαμεν καὶ οἴδαμεν, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου, ὁ Χριστός», ὁ λέγων, φησίν, ἠπίως· «θάρσει, τέκνον, ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι». 30.ν Περὶ τοῦ διὰ τὴν ἰσοτιμίαν τῆς τριάδος τὸν πατέρα ἀποκαλύπτειν ἡμῖν τὸν υἱὸν καὶ ἕλκειν ἡμᾶς πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ πάλιν αὐτὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα προσάγειν ἡμᾶς τῷ πατρί. ἐν ταὐτῷ καὶ περὶ τῆς ὁμολογίας Πέτρου, καὶ ὅτι ἔστιν μετάνοια. 30.1 Ἵνα γὰρ δι' ὅλων ἀποδειχθῇ τῆς μακαρίας τριάδος τὸ περὶ πάντα ἰσότιμον, ἀποκαλύπτει ἡμῖν τὸν ἴδιον υἱὸν ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ἕλκει ἡμᾶς δι' ἑαυτοῦ πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ μεθιστᾷ εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ· 30.2 καὶ πάλιν ὁ υἱὸς καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα προσάγει ἡμᾶς τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρί. 30.3 οὐκ ἂν γὰρ εἰς ἑτεροούσιον ἢ μείζονα οὐδ' εἰς ὑποκατερχόμενα ὥσπερ σκῆπτρα τῶν ἑαυτοῦ μετέθηκεν ἡμᾶς ὁ θεός. 30.4 τετελείωκεν γοῦν τὴν παλαιὰν διαθήκην ἡ νέα διὰ τὴν εἰς τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸ θεῖον πνεῦμα πίστιν. 30.5 Λέγουσι δὲ ὧδε ὁ μὲν θεὸς πατὴρ ἐν Ἠσαΐᾳ πρὸς τὸν υἱόν· «ἰδοὺ προσήλυτοι προσελεύσονταί σοι δι' ἐμοῦ καὶ παροικήσουσίν σοι καὶ ἐπὶ σοὶ καταφεύξονται»· 30.6 ὁ δὲ υἱὸς ἐν Ἰωάννῃ· «οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐὰν μὴ ὁ πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν, κἀγὼ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρα». 30.7 καὶ πάλιν πρὸς τὸν Πέτρον εἰπόντα «σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος» ἔφη· «μακάριος εἶ, Πέτρε βὰρ Ἰωνᾶ, ὅτι σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ' ὁ πατήρ μου ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. κἀγὼ δέ σοι λέγω, ὅτι σὺ εἶ Πέτρος, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, καὶ πῦλαι ᾅδου οὐ κατισχύ σουσιν αὐτῆς. καὶ δώσω σοι τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν, καὶ ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, καὶ ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς». 30.8
The Unending Kingdom of the Son§35
35How great is the faith and the confession that the true Son is God and not a creature, the only-begotten God the Word.
Peter did not hesitate seeing God indwelling on earth in flesh and blood; for this is that 'flesh and blood did not reveal to you' (Matt 16:17). He recognized the consubstantial and participating branch of God; in this he honored the root which was revealed to him, being self-begotten and unoriginated; he believed in his unity with the Father regarding divinity. He was made blessed by the only blessed Master. The churches were built upon this rock, whose 'gates of Hades' (Matt 16:18)—that is, the arguments of heretics—did not prevail; the keys of the heavens were handed to him, so that for those believing—as Peter himself seems to answer perfectly and as he heard from Christ along with the other apostles: 'baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit' (Matt 28:19)—they might be opened in the kingdom of God; but for those not thus glorifying the tri-blessed and most desirable entrance, he shall shut it.
For by this, by which he was made blessed, he himself accepted this glory, whereas those speaking against him were caught and cast out. Having truthfully confessed him as the Son of God, that is, genuine and consubstantial, he heard something nearby: 'Bar Jonah', which is interpreted: 'Son of Jonah' (Mark 8:29). Peter was by no means of a different substance to the one who begot him. Along with these things he received authority, and rather all through him, not to forbid those stumbling, but to receive those repenting. For no one is without sin, except he who permitted this authority to Peter, for this is: 'whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in the heavens' (Matt 18:18). He then cast off the inhumanity of Nauatus and Sabbatius.
And Paul, writing to the Galatians, follows these things: 'But when God, who set me apart from my mother's womb, was pleased to reveal his Son in me' (Gal 1:15); and to the Colossians: 'giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified us for the portion of the inheritance of the saints in light, who has rescued us from the power of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of the Son of his love, in whom...' (Col 1:13).
Therefore, 'the redemption, the forgiveness of sins' (1 Cor 15:22), and to the Corinthians: 'God is faithful, through whom you were called into the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord' (1 Cor 1:9), and to the Ephesians: 'and having come, he preached peace to you, the distant and peace to the near, because through him we both have the access in one Spirit to the Father' (Eph 2:17-18).
Concerning the fact that there is no end to the kingdom of the Only-begotten. And so, to be ashamed of heretics saying that after the general resurrection the Son is to hand over the kingdom to the Father, he proclaims that the power of the Son is without end, in this way: Gabriel, being announced by Luke regarding the Theotokos: 'and the Lord God will give to him the throne of David his father, and he will reign over the house of Israel forever, and of his kingdom there shall be no end' (Luke 1:32-33), says. And most truly; for if they are restored, in what kingdom of his and when shall we reign with him?
And Paul, writing to the Ephesians: 'every fornicator or unclean person or covetous man, who is an idolater, has no inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God' (Eph 5:5). Nevertheless, he speaks of the kingdom after the resurrection. When then, in fact, according to them, does he hand over the kingdom?
And to Timothy in the second epistle: 'I testify before God and Christ Jesus, who is to judge the living and the dead, and by his appearance and his kingdom: preach the word' (2 Tim 4:1). It is clear, then, that he speaks of a kingdom which he possesses indivisibly and without succession with the Father and the Holy Spirit, now and into the coming age.
And to the Hebrews: 'and to the angels he says: He who makes his angels spirits and his ministers a flame of fire; but to the Son: Your throne, O God, is unto the age of ages' (Heb 1:7, 8). And David in the 45th Psalm: 'Your throne, O God, is unto the age of ages; a scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom. You loved righteousness and hated iniquity. For this reason God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness among your companions' (Ps 45:6-7). Behold again his kingdom as boundless and his divinity as without beginning.
Greek · §35
Ὢ πόσα δύναται πίστις καὶ τὸ ἐξομολογῆσαι υἱὸν ἀληθινὸν εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ μὴ κτίσμα τὸν μονογενῆ θεὸν λόγον. 30.9 οὐκ ἐδίστασεν Πέτρος σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι θεὸν ἐπὶ γῆς ἐμφιλοχωροῦντα ὁρῶν· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὅτι «σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι»· 30.10 ἐπέγνω δὲ τὸν συμφυᾶ καὶ συναΐδιον κλάδον τοῦ θεοῦ· ἐτίμησεν ἐν τούτῳ τὴν ἀποκαλύψασαν αὐτῷ αὐτογενῆ καὶ ἄναρχον ῥίζαν· ἐπίστευσεν αὐτοῦ τῇ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα τῆς θεότητος ἑνότητι· 30.11 ἐμακαρίσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ μόνου μακαρίου δεσπότου. ᾠκοδομήθησαν ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν ταύτην αἱ ἐκκλησίαι, ὧντινων «πύλαι ᾅδου», τουτέστιν αἱρετικῶν συλλογισμοί, οὐ περιγένωνται· 30.12 ἐνεχειρίσθη τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἵνα τοῖς μὲν πιστεύουσιν–ὡς αὐτὸς Πέτρος ἀρτίως ἀποκρινάμενος φαίνεται καὶ ὡς παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἤκουσεν ἀποστόλοις· «βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύ ματος»– ἀνοίξῃ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ· 30.13 τοῖς δὲ μὴ οὕτω δοξάζουσιν τὴν τρισμακαρίαν καὶ εὐκταιοτάτην εἴσοδον ἀποκλείσῃ. 30.14 αὐτῷ γὰρ τούτῳ, ᾧ ἐμακαρίσθη, αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τῇδε τῇ δόξῃ ἐδέχθη, ὡς οἱ ἀπεναντίως λέγοντες 35 κατεψέχθησάν τε καὶ ἀπεβλήθησαν. 30.15 Ἀληθεύσας δὴ οὖν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ διωμολογηκὼς αὐτόν, τουτέστιν 30.15 γνήσιον καὶ ὁμοούσιον, παραπλήσια ἤκουσεν· Βὰρ Ἰωνᾶ, ὁ ἑρμηνεύεται· υἱὲ Ἰωνᾶ. 30.16 οὐκ ἦν δὲ πάντως ἑτεροούσιος τῷ τεκόντι αὐτὸν ὁ Πέτρος. 30.17 Πρὸς τούτοις ἔλαβεν ἐξουσίαν, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πάντες δι' αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀπαγορεύειν τοῖς πταίουσιν, ἀλλὰ δέχεσθαι μετανοοῦντας. 30.18 οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἀναμάρτητος, εἰ μὴ ὁ ταύτην ἐπιτρέψας τῷ Πέτρῳ τὴν αὐθεντείαν, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν· «ὃ ἐὰν λύσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς». 30.19 ἔρριψεν ἔκτοτε τὴν Ναυάτου καὶ Σαββατίου ἀπανθρωπίαν· 30.20 Τοῖς προκειμένοις δὲ αὖ ἕπεται καὶ Παῦλος Γαλάταις γράφων· «ὅτε δὲ εὐδόκησεν ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί», 30.21 καὶ Κολοσσαεῦσιν· «εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ πατρὶ τῷ ἱκανώσαντι ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν μερίδα τοῦ κλήρου τῶν ἁγίων ἐν τῷ φωτί· ὃς ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους καὶ μετέστησεν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν, τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν», 30.22 καὶ Κορινθίοις· «πιστὸς ὁ θεός, δι' οὗ ἐκλήθητε εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν», 30.23 καὶ Ἐφεσίοις· «καὶ ἐλθὼν εὐηγγελίσατο εἰρήνην ὑμῖν τοῖς μακρὰν καὶ εἰρήνην τοῖς ἐγγύς, ὅτι δι' αὐτοῦ ἔχομεν τὴν προσαγωγὴν οἱ ἀμφότεροι ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα». 31.ν Περὶ τοῦ μὴ εἶναι τέλος τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ μονογενοῦς. 31.1 Καὶ ὥστε αἱρετικοὺς λέγοντας, ὅτι μετὰ τὴν γενικὴν ἀνάστασιν ὁ υἱὸς παραδιδόναι μέλλει τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ πατρί, καταισχύνεσθαι, κηρύττουσι τὸ κράτος τοῦ υἱοῦ εἶναι ἀτελεύτητον οὑτωσί· 31.2 Γαβριὴλ μὲν παρὰ Λουκᾷ εὐαγγελιζόμενος τὴν θεοτόκον· «καὶ δώσει», φησίν, «αὐτῷ κύριος ὁ θεὸς τὸν θρόνον ∆αυῒδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ βασιλεύσει ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰσραὴλ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, καὶ τῆς βασι λείας αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔσται τέλος». 31.3 καὶ μάλα ἀληθῶς· εἰ γὰρ ἀποκαθίστησιν, ἐν ποίᾳ αὐτοῦ βασιλείᾳ καὶ πότε συμβασιλεύσομεν αὐτῷ; 31.4 Παῦλος δὲ γράφων πρὸς Ἐφεσίους μέν· «πᾶς πόρνος ἢ ἀκάθαρτος ἢ πλεονέκτης, ὅς ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης, οὐκ ἔχει κληρονομίαν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ». πάντως δὲ λέγει τὴν μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν. 31.5 πότε οὖν λοιπὸν κατ' ἐκείνους παραδίδωσι τὴν βασιλείαν; 31.6 Πρὸς δὲ Τιμόθεον τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ· «διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ μέλλοντος κρί νειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς, καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ· κήρυξον τὸν λόγον». 31.7 σαφὲς δέ, ὅτι βασιλείαν λέγει ἣν ἔχει ἀδιαίρετον καὶ ἀδιάδοχον μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος νῦν τε καὶ εἰς τὸν μέλλοντα αἰῶνα. 31.8 Πρὸς δὲ Ἑβραίους· «καὶ πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἀγγέλους λέγει· ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα· πρὸς δὲ τὸν υἱόν· ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ θεός, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος». 31.9 ∆αυῒδ δὲ ἐν μδʹ ψαλμῷ· «ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ θεός, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος· ῥάβδος εὐθύτητος ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας σου. ἠγάπησας δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐμίσησας ἀδικίαν. διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέν σε, θεέ, ὁ θεός σου ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου». 31.10 ἄθρει καὶ αὖθις τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ ἀπέραντον καὶ τὴν θεότητα ἄναρχον.
The Glory of God and the Witness of Creation§36
36Because of his inexpressible becoming-man, he brought forward 'thy God' (31.11). And in Psalm 144, 'thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion is in all generations' (31.12). And in Psalm 92, 'the Lord shall reign for ever and ever' (31.13). And to Peter, the Son gave the keys as Lord of the kingdom—not of this present age, for we do not yet possess it, but of the one to come, in which the heretics claim he is to be handed over, believing that his kingdom is to be received as something without ruler and without end, while those who do not cry out, as was said before regarding Nathanael: 'you are the Son of God, you are the King of the Christians' (John 1:49) (31.14). And the prophecy of Isaiah saying: 'I saw the Lord Sabaoth, the King, with my eyes' (Isa 6:1) (31.15). Paul indeed dedicated this by the Spirit of God, but John to the Only-begotten, because of the shared divinity and the single, non-transferable kingdom (31.15). For how can it be admitted, one ruling and the other being as a mere pastime among men, when the Father remains in the Son and the Son in the Father, and whenever the Spirit proceeds from the Father and remains with the Son divinely (31.16)?
Concerning the glorification of the Son of God (32.ν). Truly, let us also look at his glory, just as the saints testify again, saying of whom 'the world was not worthy' (Heb 2:9), teaching us those called sons by grace on the earth, to glorify the Only-begotten Son from the subsistence of the Father in equality, and to look toward the glory which he had with the Father before the world existed, with the Beloved who does not envy (32.1). For the divine is free from flattery and all passion (32.2). David in Psalm 105, whom we confess prophesied about Christ, says: 'his name shall be blessed for ever: his name shall endure before the sun, and before the moon generations of generations. And all the tribes of the earth shall be blessed in him, and all the nations shall call him blessed. Blessed indeed is the Lord our God of Israel, who does wonders alone, and blessed is the name of his glory for ever and ever, even unto the age of ages' (32.3).
And the whole earth shall be filled with his glory. May it be so. 'Blessed is the Lord God of Israel' (Ps 67:35) he said, instead of 'being glorified' or 'being praised'. For God is blessed by his works, that is, he is glorified; but he himself blesses the resident creatures, that is, he sanctifies them. It should be noted, as also the God of Israel, that he is the God of the fathers, just as his father was carried up.
And in the Psalm, presenting the almighty and all-powerful nature of the Only-begotten and how he ought to be glorified, he sings: 'All the nations, as many as you have made, shall come and worship before you, Lord, and shall glorify your name, because great you are and doing wonders; you are the only God' (Ps 22:27). And in the nineteenth Psalm: 'The heavens declare the glory of God' (Ps 19:1). How? By showing from the greatness and unexceeding beauty given to them, and glorifying the Creator, who is the God Word. For 'by the word of the Lord the heavens were established, and by the breath of his mouth their powers' (Ps 33:6). Therefore, they do not feel shame concerning the witness of the glory of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.
And in the twenty-third Psalm: 'Lift up your gates, O rulers, and be lifted up, everlasting gates, and the King of glory shall enter in' (Ps 24:7). He exhorts the lower creation to lift up the gates in his incarnation, and the upper in his ascension. And in the fifteenth Psalm: 'Praise the Lord, all you nations, and let all the peoples extol him' (Ps 106:1). And Isaiah: 'You shall see a king in glory' (Isa 60:1). And Ezekiel: 'Blessed is the glory of the Lord from his place' (Ezek 43:2) and 'this vision is the likeness of the glory of the Lord' (Ezek 43:12).
Then Paul: 'Professing to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for a likeness of an image of corruptible man' (Rom 1:23). And again to the Romans: 'Wherefore he handed them over to the desires of their hearts to uncleanness, so that their bodies might be dishonored among themselves, who exchanged the glory of God in falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever; Amen' (Rom 1:24-25). And who is the Creator of all, whom he says is blessed for...
Greek · §36
31.11 διὰ δὲ τὴν ἄρρητον αὐτοῦ ἐνανθρώπησιν ἐπήγαγεν τό «ὁ θεός σου». 31.12 Καὶ ἐν ρμδʹ. «ἡ βασιλεία σου βασιλεία πάντων τῶν αἰώνων καὶ ἡ δεσποτεία σου ἐν πάσῃ γενεᾷ καὶ γενεᾷ». 31.13 καὶ ἐν τῷ ιʹ ψαλμῷ· «βασιλεύσει κύριος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος». 31.14 Καὶ Πέτρῳ δὲ ὁ υἱὸς τὰς κλεῖς ὡς κύριος δέδωκεν τῆς βασιλείας–οὐ τοῦ νῦν αἰῶνος, οὔπω γὰρ τυγχάνομεν αὐτῆς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ μέλλοντος, ἐν ᾧ καὶ παραδιδόναι αὐτὸν τεκμαίρονται αἱρετικοί–ἐπὶ τὸ εἰσδεχθῆναι μὲν τοὺς ἄναρχον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπέραντον τὴν βασιλείαν εἶναι πιστεύοντας, ἀπωσθῆναι δέ, ὡς μικρῷ 36 πρόσθεν εἴρηται, τοὺς μὴ κράζοντας κατὰ τὸν Ναθαναήλ· «σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Χριστιανῶν». 31.15 Καὶ τὴν προφητείαν δὲ Ἠσαΐου τὴν λέγουσαν· «τὸν βασιλέα κύριον Σαβαὼθ εἶδον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου». Παῦλος μὲν τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνέθηκεν, Ἰωάννης δὲ τῷ μονογενεῖ, ὡς προείρηται, διὰ τὸ ἐπίκοινον τῆς θεότητος καὶ τῆς ἀδιαδόχου μιᾶς βασιλείας. 31.16 πῶς γὰρ καὶ ἐγχωρεῖ, τὸν μὲν ἄρχειν, τὸν δὲ ὡς ἐν ἀνθρώποις σχολαῖον εἶναι, ὅταν ὁ πατὴρ ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ἐν τῷ πατρὶ μένει καὶ ὁπότε τὸ πνεῦμα ἐκπορεύεται παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ μένει παρὰ τῷ υἱῷ θεϊκῶς; 32.ν Περὶ δοξολογίας αὐτοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ. 32.1 Τοιγαροῦν καὶ περὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ θέα, οἷα καὶ αὖθις μαρτυροῦσιν οἱ ἅγιοι, «ὧν», φησίν, «ὁ κόσμος οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος», διδάσκοντες ἡμᾶς τοὺς χάριτι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κληθέντας υἱούς, τὸν ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ πατρὸς μονογενῆ υἱὸν ἐν ἴσῃ καθάπερ αὐτὸν δοξάζειν δόξῃ καὶ ἀποβλέπειν εἰς τὴν δόξαν, ἣν εἶχεν πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι παρὰ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ μὴ φθονοῦντι τῷ ἀγαπητῷ. 32.2 βασκανίας γὰρ καὶ παντὸς πάθους τὸ θεῖον ἐλεύθερον. 32.3 ∆αυῒδ ἐν οαʹ ψαλμῷ, ὃν ὁμολογουμένως περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ προεφήτευσεν, «ἔσται», φησίν, «τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ εὐλογημένον εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· πρὸ τοῦ ἡλίου διαμενεῖ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ καὶ πρὸ τῆς σελήνης γενεὰς γενεῶν. καὶ ἐνευλογηθή σονται ἐν αὐτῷ πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη μακαριοῦσιν αὐτόν. εὐλογητὸς κύριος ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, ὁ ποιῶν θαυμάσια μόνος, καὶ εὐλογητὸν τὸ ὄνομα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος. καὶ πλη ρωθήσεται τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ πᾶσα ἡ γῆ. γένοιτο». 32.4 «εὐλογητὸς κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ» εἶπεν ἀντὶ τοῦ· «δοξαζόμενος» ἢ «αἰνούμενος». 32.5 ὁ γὰρ θεὸς εὐλογεῖται μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ, τουτέστιν δοξάζεται· εὐλογεῖ δὲ αὐτὸς τὰ οἰκεῖα κτίσματα, τουτέστιν ἁγιάζει. 32.6 ἐπισημαντέον δέ, ὡς καὶ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ, ὅ ἐστι θεὸς τῶν πατέρων, καθὰ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἀνείρηται. 32.7 Καὶ ἐν πεʹ ψαλμῷ τὸ παγκρατορικὸν καὶ πανδύναμον τοῦ μονογενοῦς καὶ ὡς ὀφείλεται δοξάζεσθαι παριστῶν ψάλλει· «πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ὅσα ἐποίησας, ἥξουσιν καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιόν σου, κύριε, καὶ δοξάσουσιν τὸ ὄνομά σου, ὅτι μέγας εἶ σὺ καὶ ποιῶν θαυμάσια· σὺ εἶ ὁ θεὸς μόνος». 32.8 Καὶ ἐν ιηʹ· «οἱ οὐρανοὶ διηγοῦνται δόξαν θεοῦ». 32.9 πῶς; τῷ δεικνύναι ἀπὸ τῆς δοθείσης αὐτοῖς μεγαλειότητος καὶ ὡραιότητος ἀνυπέρβλητον καὶ δοξαζόμενον τὸν δημιουργήσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς λόγος. 32.10 «τῷ» γάρ «λόγῳ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν». 32.11 οὔτε οὖν τὴν τῶν ἀψύχων αἰσχύνονται περὶ τῆς δόξης τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μαρτυρίαν. 32.12 Καὶ ἐν κγʹ· «ἄρατε πύλας, οἱ ἄρχοντες, ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπάρθητε, πύλαι αἰώνιοι, καὶ εἰσελεύ σεται ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς δόξης». 32.13 παρακελεύεται τῇ μὲν κάτω κτίσει ἆραι τὰς πύλας ἐν τῇ ἐνανθρωπήσει αὐτοῦ, τῇ δὲ ἄνω ἐν τῇ ἀναλήψει. 32.14 Καὶ ἐν ριϛʹ· «αἰνεῖτε τὸν κύριον, πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ λαοί». 32.15 Ἠσαΐας δέ· «βασιλέα μετὰ δόξης ὄψεσθε». 32.16 Ἐζεκιὴλ δέ· «εὐλογημένη ἡ δόξα κυρίου ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ» καί «αὕτη ἡ ὅρασις ὁμοίωμα δόξης κυρίου». 32.17 Εἶτα Παῦλος· «φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ ἐμωράνθησαν καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρ του θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου». 32.18 καὶ πάλιν Ῥωμαίοις· 32.18 «διὸ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρ σίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς. οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογημένος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἀμήν». 32.19 τίς δὲ ὁ πάντων δημιουργός, ὃν εἶναι λέγει εὐλογητὸν εἰς 37
Witnesses to the Glory of Christ§37
37The ages, if not the Only-begotten? Who are those who have exchanged his glory? They are those who say, 'glory to the Father through the Son in the Holy Spirit,' who also glorify him as a creature and not even as an eternal king.
Then he says to the same people, 'in order that they might be without excuse, because having known God, they did not glorify him as God or gave thanks, but were made vain in their reasonings, and their foolish heart was darkened' (2 Cor 5:21). But what is the God who has been known yet not fully known by heretics and Jews and Greeks, if not the Word of God who appeared in the flesh?
And he shows to the Corinthians in the first letters that the Lord of glory is by nature himself, thus writing: 'for if we had known, we would not have crucified the Lord of glory' (1 Cor 2:8), and also: 'that in the name of Jesus Christ every knee should bend and every tongue confess, that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father' (Phil 2:10-11), instead of saying: he exists in that paternal glory.
And again: 'for we see Jesus, him who was humbled, being crowned with glory and honor through the passion of death' (Heb 1:3). This is said out of order. For he says: we see Jesus, whom some think is being humbled through the passion of death, being crowned with glory and honor.
But he also calls him glory, even though being naturally a radiance of the paternal glory, through which he says: 'the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory.' And he said God of the unspeakable incarnation, and Father of the unoriginate generation.
And again John says: 'we have beheld his glory, a glory as of the only-begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth' (John 1:14). And again from Mark, from the Savior: 'when the Son comes in the glory of his Father' (Mark 8:38), presenting it as if his own glory is equal to the glory of the Father; but according to Matthew: 'when the Son of Man comes in his glory and all the angels with him' (Matt 25:31). And again...
Indeed, John, establishing that He is in glory and that glory is owed to Him from all, said: 'And yet, despite so many signs performed by Jesus, the Jews did not believe in Him, so that the word spoken through Isaiah might be fulfilled: You shall indeed hear by hearing, and you will not understand' (Isa 6:9). 32.35 And he proceeds: 'These things He said when He had seen His glory, and He spoke about Him' (John 1:14). 32.36 And Peter, in the first epistle: 'Rejoice according to how you share in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may also rejoice in the revelation of His glory, exulting greatly' (1 Pet 4:13); 32.37 in the second: 'as all things pertaining to divine power have been granted to us for life and godliness through the knowledge of Him who called us by His own glory and excellence' (2 Pet 1:3) instead of: 'the glory of the Only-Begotten, that of nature, that of wonders, that of the kingdom, and that of doxology itself, is similar and equal to the glory of the Father, from whom He has naturally and without separation been begotten, and He holds all things in Himself as the Only-Begotten, so that even having become flesh, He did not undergo any change or diminution.' 32.38 In this way also the three youths were not being consumed by the fire of Babylon, but were being consumed by longing for the Creator and Benefactor; rather than paying attention to the furnace surrounding them, prepared for the idol-worshippers in Gehenna, they submitted themselves to the Creation to give glory to the One appearing with them in the furnace, concerning whom it has been written, 'the vision of the fourth was like a Son of God' (Dan 3:25): 32.39 'Bless the Lord, all His works, O Lord; praise and exalt Him forever' (Ps 148:1, 13). 32.40 And while they were being reviled, he says, and while they were being struck against the children and the crowds because they were glorifying Jesus as God, saying, 'Hosanna in the highest; blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord' (Matt 21:9), he reminded them of the saying of the Scripture: 'Out of the mouths of infants and nursing babies You have perfected praise' (Ps 8:2), applying this word to himself and showing that glory is not to be brought to Him inappropriately. 32.41 And angels, he says,
Greek · §37
τοὺς αἰῶνας, εἰ μὴ ὁ μονογενής; 32.20 τίνες δὲ οἱ ἀλλάξαντες τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ; 32.21 οἱ λέγοντες· «δόξα πατρὶ δι' υἱοῦ ἐν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι», οἱ καὶ κτίσμα αὐτὸν καὶ οὐδὲ βασιλέα αἰώνιον δοξάζοντες. 32.22 Εἶτα τοῖς αὐτοῖς φησιν· «εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους, διότι γνόντες θεὸν οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξα σαν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν, ἀλλ' ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία». 32.23 ποῖος δὲ ὁ γνωσθεὶς θεὸς καὶ μὴ ἐπιγνωσθεὶς παρὰ αἱρετικῶν καὶ Ἰουδαίων καὶ Ἑλλήνων, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἐπιφανεὶς σαρκὶ θεὸς λόγος; 32.24 Καὶ Κορινθίοις δὲ ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις γράμμασι κύριον δόξης κατὰ φύσιν εἶναι δεικνὺς αὐτὸν ἐπιστέλλει οὕτως· 32.25 «εἰ γὰρ ᾔδεσαν, οὐκ ἂν τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης ἐσταύρωσαν», 32.26 καὶ ἑτέρωθι· «ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξο μολογήσεται, ὅτι κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς εἰς δόξαν θεοῦ πατρός», ἀντὶ τοῦ· ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πατρικῇ δόξῃ ὑπάρχει. 32.27 Καὶ ἔτι· «τὸν γὰρ ἠλαττωμένον βλέπομεν Ἰησοῦν διὰ τὸ πάθημα τοῦ θανάτου δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφανωμένον». 32.28 ὑστεροπρώτως εἴρηται. φησὶν γάρ· τὸν δοκοῦντά τισιν διὰ τὸ πάθημα τοῦ θανάτου ἠλαττῶσθαι Ἰησοῦν βλέπομεν δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφανωμένον. 32.29 Ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξαν αὐτὸν καλεῖ ἅτε φυσικῶς ἀπαύγασμα ὄντα τῆς πατρικῆς δόξης, δι' ὧν γράφει· «ὁ θεὸς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὁ πατὴρ τῆς δόξης». 32.30 θεὸν δὲ εἶπεν τῆς ἀρρήτου σαρκώσεως, πατέρα δὲ τῆς ἀνάρχου γεννήσεως. 32.31 Καὶ πάλιν Ἰωάννης· «ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας». 32.32 καὶ πάλιν παρὰ Μάρκῳ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος· «ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ υἱὸς ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ» παριστῶν, ὡς ἡ αὐτοῦ δόξα ἰσότιμος τῆς δόξης ἐστὶν τοῦ πατρός· 32.33 παρὰ δὲ Ματθαίῳ· «ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετ' αὐτοῦ». 32.34 Καὶ αὖθις γοῦν Ἰωάννης συνιστῶν τὸ ἐν δόξῃ εἶναι αὐτὸν καὶ παρὰ πάντων δόξαν ὀφείλεσθαι αὐτῷ εἶπεν· «τοσαῦτα δὲ σημεῖα πεποιηκότος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἠσαΐου· ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε». 32.35 καὶ μεταξὺ ἐπάγει· «ταῦτα δὲ εἶπεν, ὅτε εἶδεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐλάλησεν περὶ αὐτοῦ». 32.36 Καὶ Πέτρος δὲ ἐν μὲν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «καθ' ὃ κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν χαίρετε, ἵνα καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ χαρῆτε ἀγαλλιώμενοι»· 32.37 ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ· «ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ τὰ πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ εὐσέβειαν δεδωρημένης διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ καλέσαντος ἡμᾶς ἰδίᾳ δόξῃ καὶ ἀρε τῇ» ἀντὶ τοῦ· «ἡ δόξα τοῦ μονογενοῦς ἡ τῆς φύσεως, ἡ τῶν θαυμάτων, ἡ τῆς βασιλείας καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς δοξολογίας ὁμοία ἐστιν καὶ ἴση τῆς δόξης τοῦ πατρός, παρ' οὗ φυσικῶς καὶ ἀδιαστάτως γεγέννηται, καὶ ὅλα ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχει ὡς μονογενής, ὥστε καὶ γενόμενον σάρκα μηδεμίαν τροπὴν ἢ μείωσιν ὑπομεῖναι». 32.38 Οὕτω καὶ οἱ τρεῖς παῖδες οὐ τῇ Βαβυλωνίᾳ φλογί, ἀλλὰ τῷ περὶ τὸν κτίστην καὶ εὐεργέτην πυρακτούμενοι πόθῳ καὶ οὐ μᾶλλον τὴν περιβάλλουσαν αὐτοὺς κάμινον τῆς ἡτοιμασμένης τοῖς κτιστολάτραις γεέννης προσέχοντες ὑπέβαλλον τῇ κτίσει δοξολογεῖν τὸν φανέντα σὺν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ καμίνῳ περὶ οὗ γέγραπται «ἡ δὲ ὅρασις τοῦ τετάρτου ὁμοία υἱῷ θεοῦ»: 32.39 «εὐλογεῖτε, πάντα τὰ ἔργα κυρίου, τὸν κύριον· ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας». 32.40 Ἀχθομένων δέ, φησίν, καὶ τῶν κυριοκτόνων πρὸς τὰ παιδία καὶ τοὺς ὄχλους ὅτι ὡς θεὸν τὸν Ἰησοῦν δοξάζοντες ἔλεγον· «ὠσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις· εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου», ὑπέμνησεν αὐτοὺς τῆς λεγούσης γραφῆς· «ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων κατηρτίσω αἶνον» ἑαυτῷ ἁρμόσας τὸ ῥητὸν τοῦτο καὶ δείξας μὴ ἀνοικείως προσάγεσθαι αὐτῷ δόξαν. 32.41 καὶ ἄγγελοι δέ, φησίν,
Equality of the Son and Spirit with the Father§38
38They said at his birth: 'Glory to God in the highest and peace on earth.'
A summary concerning worship. We have seen, therefore, him being glorified, we have seen him also being worshipped. Both are fitting and owed to God, not to a creature, just as the submissive saints write. David in Psalm 44 says: 'Come, let us worship and bow down to him, and let us weep before the Lord who made us, for he is our God and we are the people of his pasture and the sheep of his hand.' And in Psalm 72: 'All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the Lord, and all the families of the nations shall worship before him, for the kingdom belongs to the Lord and he himself is ruler of the nations.' What then will those say who assign the name 'God' separately to the Father, and 'Lord' to the Son, while they include here the Lord to be worshipped and to rule and his being the kingdom? And again in Psalm 29: 'And I will worship you, Lord, my strength.' And in Psalm 132: 'Let us worship toward the place where his feet stood.' Paul writes from the song of Deuteronomy: 'When he brings the firstborn into the inhabited world, he says: and let all the angels of God worship him.' And the evangelist says, 'the magi said: we saw his star in the east and we came to worship him.' And again, 'behold,' he says, 'a leper came and worshipped him.' And again according to Matthew he says: 'the wind ceased. And they in the ship worshipped him, saying: truly you are the Son of God,' and not, he says, those called sons by a cheap gift among us. And: 'a certain ruler worshipped him.' And after his resurrection on the mountain he says: 'the apostles, having seen him, worshipped him.'
A summary concerning faith toward God the Father. Therefore, according to the Scripture, saying much more or about the Father, it says much about the Son, declaring him almighty, and creator of the ages, and creator of all things, and true God, and not having a God before him, and over all, and a great and above all God, to whom no other will be reckoned, and sitting at the right hand...
Being in the bosom of the Father, and being the eternal life, the true light, Lord of all, only Sovereign and Authority, whose peace has no limit but exceeds all understanding, whose kingdom is unending, who alone is salvation, and who draws the worthy toward the Son; the Father is not considered in any way inferior—may it never be—to His Spirit.
One who theologizes about the Father in such an equal manner ought not to consider the Only-begotten or the Holy Spirit as lesser or unlike. For no creature has the power—only the Uncreated—to do the things mentioned: to create essence out of non-existence, both irrational and rational, to give life, to forgive sins, to call creation His own, to know the Father from equal things as He is known by Him, to be equal to the Father, to be in the Father and the Father in Him by equality, to be ministered to by angels, and for the Only-begotten to be testified as even surpassing these: God, Light from Light, Eternal Life, Truth, and Savior, being everywhere present and all things being established in Him, and for Him to possess the kingdom of heaven and divine peace, to grant it unshakeably to all, and to provide security in the continuous salvation to those who call upon Him.
For those who call the true Son of God and the Holy and life-giving Spirit 'creature' and 'not without a ruler' do not believe in these Hypostases, even if they say they believe; perhaps they do not even believe in the Father. For they transgress the command of the commanding Father: 'Hear, my people, and I will speak to you, O Israel; and I testify to you, if you listen to me: there shall not be among you a strange god, nor shall you worship a god other than the true one' (Deuteronomy 6:4, 14) instead of the truth that there is never a non-existent or heterousian one; and 'You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him alone shall you serve' (Deuteronomy 6:13); and 'There shall not be to you other gods besides me' (Exodus 20:3); and 'Cursed is everyone who puts his hope in man' (Jeremiah 17:5), that is, in a work of art. This is what the Son says in Matthew: 'No one can serve two masters' (Matthew 6:24), that is, two natures or two lordships; and in Paul to the Romans...
Greek · §38
ἔλεγον τεχθέντος αὐτοῦ· «δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη». 38 33.ν Περὶ προσκυνήσεως ἀνακεφαλαίωσις. 33.1 Εἴδομεν τοίνυν αὐτὸν δοξαζόμενον, εἴδομεν αὐτὸν καὶ προσκυνούμενον. 33.2 ἀμφότερα δὲ θεῷ ἐστιν πρέποντα καὶ ὀφειλόμενα, οὐχὶ δὲ κτίσματι, καθὰ γράφουσιν οἱ ὑποτεταγμένοι ἅγιοι· 33.3 ∆αυῒδ ἐν ϟδʹ ψαλμῷ· «δεῦτε προσκυνήσωμεν καὶ προσπέσωμεν αὐτῷ καὶ κλαύσωμεν ἐναντίον κυρίου τοῦ ποιήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν καὶ ἡμεῖς λαὸς νομῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ πρόβατα χειρὸς αὐτοῦ» 33.4 καὶ ἐν καʹ· «μνησθήσονται καὶ ἐπιστραφήσονται πρὸς κύριον πάντα τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὅτι τοῦ κυρίου ἡ βασιλεία καὶ αὐτὸς δεσπόζει τῶν ἐθνῶν». 33.5 τί ἐροῦσιν ἄρα οἱ ἀπονέμοντες ὄνομα κεχωρισμένως τῷ μὲν πατρὶ τό «θεός», τῷ δὲ υἱῷ τό «κύριος», ἐπαΐοντες ἐνθάδε τὸν κύριον προσκυνεῖσθαι καὶ δεσπόζειν καὶ αὐτοῦ εἶναι τὴν βασιλείαν; 33.6 Καὶ πάλιν ἐν θʹ ψαλμῷ· «καὶ προσκυνήσω σε, κύριε, ἡ ἰσχύς μου»· 33.7 καὶ ἐν ρλαʹ· «προσκυνήσωμεν εἰς τὸν τόπον, οὗ ἔστησαν οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ»· 33.8 Παῦλος ἐκ τῆς ᾠδῆς τοῦ ∆ευτερονομίου γράφων· «ὅταν δὲ εἰσαγάγῃ τὸν πρωτότοκον εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην, λέγει· καὶ προσκυ νησάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ»· 33.9 καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστής «εἶπον», φησίν, «οἱ μάγοι· εἴδομεν αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ καὶ ἤλθο μεν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ»· 33.10 καὶ πάλιν «ἰδού», φησίν, «λεπρὸς ἦλθεν καὶ προσεκύνει αὐτῷ»· 33.11 καὶ πάλιν παρὰ Ματθαίῳ φησίν· «ἐκόπασεν ὁ ἄνεμος. οἱ δὲ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ λέγοντες· ἀλη θῶς θεοῦ υἱὸς εἶ», καὶ οὐ καθ' ἡμᾶς, φησίν, τοὺς ἀφθόνῳ δωρεᾷ ἐπικληθέντας υἱούς. 33.12 Καί· «ἄρχων τις προσεκύνει αὐτῷ». 33.13 καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ ὄρει φησίν· «οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἰδόντες αὐτὸν προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ». 34.ν Περὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν θεὸν πατέρα πίστεως. 34.1 Καθὰ τοίνυν τῆς γραφῆς μείζονα ἢ περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς κατὰ τὸ φαινόμενον λεγούσης πολλὰ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ δηλούσης αὐτὸν παντοκράτορα, καὶ ποιητὴν τῶν αἰώνων, καὶ πάντων δημιουργόν, καὶ ἀληθινὸν θεόν, καὶ οὐκ ἔχοντα πρὸ αὐτοῦ θεόν, καὶ ἐπάνω πάντων, καὶ μέγαν καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων θεόν, πρὸς ὃν οὐ λογισθήσεται ἕτερος, καὶ ἐκ δεξιῶν συγκαθεζόμενον τῷ πατρί, καὶ εἰς τὸν κόλπον αὐτοῦ ὄντα, καὶ αὐτὸν εἶναι τὴν αἰώνιον ζωήν, καὶ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, καὶ πάντων κύριον, καὶ μόνον δεσπότην, καὶ ἐξουσιαστήν, οὗτινος ἡ μὲν εἰρήνη οὐκ ἔχει ὅριον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπερέχει πάντα νοῦν, ἡ δὲ βασιλεία ἀτελεύτητος, καὶ ἐν μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ εἶναι τὴν σωτηρίαν, καὶ τὸν πατέρα ἕλκειν πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν τοὺς ἀξίους· κατ' οὐδὲν ὑποδεέστερος–μὴ γένοιτο– νομίζεται ὁ πατὴρ ἢ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ. 34.2 Τὸν ἴσον τρόπον θεολογούσης περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑψηλὰ οὐκ ὀφείλει ὡς μικρότερος ἢ ἀνόμοιος λογίζεσθαι ὁ μονογενὴς ἢ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. 34.3 οὐδεμίας γὰρ κτιστῆς δυνάμεώς ἐστιν, μόνης δὲ τῆς ἀκτίστου τά τε μνημονευθέντα καὶ τὸ δημιουργεῖν οὐσίαν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων, ἄλογόν τε καὶ λογικήν, 34.4 ζωοποιεῖν τε, ἁμαρτίας τε συγχωρεῖν, καὶ τὴν κτίσιν ἰδίαν λέγειν, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἴσων γινώσκειν τὸν πατέρα, ὡς γινώσκεται ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἰσουργεῖν τῷ πατρί, καὶ εἶναι ἐν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τὸν πατέρα ἐν αὐτῷ ἐξ ἴσου, ὑπὸ ἀγγέλων τε ὑπηρετεῖσθαι, καὶ τὸ ἔτι τούτων ὑπερτεροῦν τὸ μονογενῆ υἱὸν καὶ θεὸν καὶ φῶς ἐκ φωτὸς καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον καὶ ἀλήθειαν καὶ σωτῆρα μαρτυρεῖσθαι καὶ πανταχοῦ παρεῖναι καὶ πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ ἐστηρίχθαι, βασιλείαν τε οὐρανῶν καὶ τὴν θεϊκὴν εἰρήνην ὡς αὐτοῦ τυγχάνουσαν ἀβασκάνως πᾶσιν δωρεῖσθαι καὶ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐπικαλουμένοις αὐτὸν τὴν ἐπὶ τῇ διηνεκεῖ σωτηρίᾳ παρέχειν ἀσφάλειαν. 34.5 Οἱ γὰρ κτίσμα καὶ οὐκ ἄναρχον καλοῦντες τὸν ἀληθινὸν υἱὸν θεοῦ καὶ τὸ ἅγιον καὶ ζωοποιὸν πνεῦμα οὐ 39 πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὰς ὑποστάσεις ταύτας, κἂν λέγωσι πιστεύειν· τάχα δὲ οὐδὲ εἰς τὸν πατέρα. 34.6 παραβαίνουσι γὰρ τὴν ἐντολὴν μὲν τοῦ παραγγέλλοντος πατρός· «ἄκουσον, λαός μου, καὶ λαλήσω σοι, Ἰσραήλ, καὶ διαμαρτυροῦμαι σοι, ἐὰν ἀκούσῃς μου· οὐκ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ θεὸς πρόσφατος οὐδὲ προσκυνήσεις θεῷ ἀλ λοτρίῳ» ἀντὶ τοῦ· οὐκ ὄντι ποτὲ ἢ ἑτεροουσίῳ· 34.7 καὶ «κύριον τὸν θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις» 34.8 καί «οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ» 34.9 καί «ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς, ὃς ἔχει τὴν ἐλπίδα ἐπ' ἄνθρωπον», τουτέστιν ἐπὶ ποίημα. 34.10 Τοῦτο δὲ τοῦ λέγοντος υἱοῦ ἐν Ματθαίῳ μέν· «οὐδεὶς δύναται δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν», τουτέστιν δύο φύσεσιν ἢ δεσποτείαις· ἐν Παύλῳ δὲ Ῥωμαίοις
Understanding Scriptural Theology§39
39instead of the Creator
The great and small, the temporal and the heterousious fear of demons. How one must intellectually grasp the theologies of the Scriptures.
I, unworthy as I am, have contended with the theologies concerning the only-begotten Son and the Holy Spirit, without even in thought harming the unutterable glory concerning God and the Father—for it has not been unknown, even if it has not been revealed beforehand regarding both of the aforementioned divine hypostases, that nevertheless both hypostases are naturally and inherently from Him, the one of the Son by way of generation, and the other of the Spirit by way of procession—but I am preparing and setting forth the heretics' harmful interpretations which they seem to honor the Father more than the Scripture does, and through these they both grieve Him and His only-begotten Son and insult the Spirit.
And this is about the same. Therefore, those who wish to engage with the orthodox, even regarding the small work of God—if they dare to say a small work is of God—need words, and works before words, and faith before both these, and much reverence and understanding of the listener, so that through these, having been made worthy to know, even the small is not graspable by the intellect, but is infinite and surpasses even human things—for if it is the work of God, even if it seems small, it is great as being of God: 'How could anyone catch the great things with small labors? An ignorant man,' they say, 'and to will these things'—but much more the discourse concerning the unutterable God, surpassing the perception of archangels, should cause them to withdraw from the unstable inquiries, leaving them to be known by God alone, and with the apostle saying: 'I believed, therefore I also spoke' (2 Cor 4:13).
The theologies of the Scriptures are not to be understood in this way: that when they speak from one person, it is because of the one nature and will; when from both, it is because the personal property of the holy and incorruptible Trinity is being shown; for when Isaiah says: 'I, the Lord, have stretched out the heavens and spread out the earth' (Isa 40:22) and again: 'I am, and there is no other God besides me' (Isa 44:6), it is because of the one divinity and harmony, as it is foretold; when the Holy Spirit is not mentioned in glory, it is because He is contained within God, of whom He happens to be the Spirit; when the mystery...
Greek · §39
ἐπιστέλλοντι· «ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα». 34.11 Τοῦτο δὲ τοῦ νομοθετήσαντος Μωυσέως· «ὁ θυσιάζων θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις λιθοβοληθήσεται, πλὴν κυρίῳ μόνῳ». 34.12 πρόσφατος δὲ καὶ ἀλλότριος θεὸς ὁ μὴ ὁμοούσιος τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρὶ ὢν καὶ ποτὲ μὴ ὑπάρξας. 34.13 Καὶ οἱ λέγοντες «δόξα πατρὶ δι' υἱοῦ ἐν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι» οὐ δοξάζουσι τὸν υἱὸν ἢ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. 34.14 ἄλλῳ γὰρ δι' ἄλλου ἐν ἄλλῳ ἀναπέμπουσι τὴν δόξαν, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδ' ὁποτέρῳ. 34.15 καὶ παρατιτρώσκουσι τοῦτο μὲν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρὸς λέγοντος· «τὴν δόξαν μου ἑτέρῳ οὐ δώσω» ἀντὶ τοῦ ἑτεροφυεῖ οὐ δώσω, βουλομένου δὲ τιμᾶσθαι τὸν υἱὸν ὁμοίως αὐτοῦ, τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τὴν παράδοσιν τοῦ υἱοῦ, 34.16 ὅμοια πάσχοντες τῶν Χριστὸν μὲν αὐτὸν τῷ στόματι καλούντων, ταῖς δὲ χερσὶ τυπτόντων καὶ κραζόντων· «προφήτευσον ἡμῖν, Χριστέ, τίς ἐστιν ὁ παίσας σε;» τῶν καὶ λεγόντων οὕτως· «πιστεύομεν ὡς Μωϋσῆς καὶ οἱ προφῆται», αὐτὸν δὲ τὸν προφητευθέντα σταυρωσάντων. 34.17 Ὅτε οὖν καὶ ὁ θεὸς πατὴρ σὺν τῷ μονογενεῖ θεῷ παρακούεται καὶ ἡ εἰς κτίσμα πίστις ἀνωφελής ἐστιν, βλάπτειν μᾶλλον ἢ σώζειν δυναμένη, αὐτοὶ λογιζέσθωσαν, εἰ ἀκίνδυνον ἔχουσι πίστιν τὴν σωτηρίαν ἀρνούμενοι· δεῖ γὰρ σωθῆναι ὀρθῶς πιστεύοντα· καλὸν γάρ, φασί, τὸ σωθῆναι, τἄλλα δέ ἐστιν ἄλλος λόγος. 34.18 Καὶ Μακεδονίου δὲ παῖδες ὡς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος οὕτω καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς τὴν δόξαν οὐ σώζουσιν ὁμοιούσιον τῷ πατρὶ καὶ οὐχὶ ὁμοούσιον λέγοντες αὐτὸν ὡς νοεῖσθαι, ὅτι ἄλλης ὁμοίας οὐσίας ἐστίν. 34.19 Ὥστε λείπεται αἱρετικοὺς ἢ ἀμεῖψαι ἐν ταῖς θρησκείαις αὐτῶν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς ὡς τῇ ἀληθείᾳ παρ' αὐτοῖς οὐκ ὄντος πατρός, ἔτι μὴν καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς τοῦτο οὐκ ὄντος–συγγνώτω δὲ ἡμῖν ἡ ἁγία καὶ σεπτὴ καὶ παρ' ἡμῶν δοξαζομένη ὁμοούσιος τριάς–, ἀμεῖψαι δὲ πρό γε πάντων τὸ ἑαυτῶν ὄνομα καὶ μήτε καλεῖσθαι Χριστιανοὺς ἢ πνευματικούς, μήτε διακεῖσθαι ὡς ὄντες αὐτοὶ ἐκεῖνοι ὁμογενεῖς υἱοὶ τῶν ἰδίων πατέρων, ἢ μὴ ἐξαλλάττειν τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς θεότητος καὶ δόξης τὸν ἀληθινὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ. 34.20 ἴδιον γὰρ Ἰουδαίων μὲν τὸ τὸν πατέρα μόνον τιμᾷν, Ἑλλήνων δὲ τὸ πλῆθος δαιμονίων μέγα καὶ μικρὸν καὶ χρονικὸν καὶ ἑτεροούσιον σέβειν. 35.ν Ὅπως χρὴ νοεῖν τὰς θεολογίας τῶν γραφῶν. 35.1 Συναγωνίσασθαι δὲ ὁ ἀνάξιος ἐγὼ ταῖς περὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος θεολογίαις προήχθην οὐδὲ κατὰ ἔννοιαν παραβλάπτων τὴν περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς ἄφραστον δόξαν–οὐ γὰρ ἠγνόηται, ὡς εἰ καὶ μὴ πρὸ ἀμφοῖν δεδήλωται τῶν εἰρημένων θείων ὑποστάσεων, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἄμφω αἱ ὑποστάσεις ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατὰ φύσιν συμφυῶς εἰσιν, ἡ μὲν τοῦ υἱοῦ γεννητικῶς, ἡ δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ ἐκπορευτικῶς–, ἀλλ' αἱρετικῶν τὰς πανολεθρίους ἐξηγήσεις ἀποσκευαζόμενος καὶ συνιστάμενος, ὅδι δι' ὧν δοκοῦσι παρὰ τὴν γραφὴν πλέον 40 τιμᾶν τὸν πατέρα, διὰ τούτων αὐτόν τε λυποῦσι καὶ τὸν μονογενῆ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα ἐνυβρίζουσιν. 36.ν Καὶ τοῦτο περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ. 36.1 Τοὺς τοίνυν ὀρθοδόξους χρὴ εἰδέναι μέν, ὡς καὶ περὶ μικροῦ ἔργου τοῦ θεοῦ–εἰ τολμήσαντα μικρὸν ἔργον ἔστι φάναι θεοῦ–τοῖς διαλαβεῖν ἐθέλουσι χρεία λόγων, καὶ ἔργων πρὸ τῶν λόγων, καὶ πίστεως πρὸ ἀμφοῖν τούτων, καὶ πολλῆς εὐλαβείας καὶ κατανοήσεως ἀκροτάτης, ἵνα διὰ ταῦτα γνῶναι ἀξιωθέντες, ὡς καὶ τὸ μικρὸν οὐχ ἁλώσιμον τῇ διανοίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἀπείρως καὶ αὐτὸ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ὑπερφέρει ἐπιβολῶν–εἰ γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ ἔργον, κἂν μικρὸν δοκῇ, μέγα ὡς θεοῦ· «μικροῖς δὲ τὰ μεγάλα πῶς ἕλοι τις ἂν πόνοισιν; ἀμαθές», φασίν, «καὶ τὸ βούλεσθαι τάδε»–, πολλῷ δὲ μᾶλλον ἡ περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἀφράστου θεοῦ διάληψις ὑπερβαίνουσα καὶ ἀρχαγγέλων αἴσθησιν τῶν μὲν σφαλερῶν ζητήσεων ἀναχωρήσωσινʹ, γινώσκειν αὐτὰ μόνῳ τῷ θεῷ ἀφιέντες, σὺν τῷ ἀποστόλῳ δὲ εἴπωσιν· «ἐπίστευσα, διὸ καὶ ἐλάλησα»· 36.2 τὰς δὲ θεολογίας τῶν γραφῶν νοεῖν οὑτωσί, ὅτιπερ, ὅταν ἀπὸ ἑνὸς προσώπου λέγουσιν, διὰ τὴν μίαν φύσιν καὶ θέλησιν· ὅταν ἀπὸ ἀμφοῖν, διὰ τὸ δείκνυσθαι τὸ ἰδιοσύστατον τῆς ἁγίας καὶ ἀκηράτου τριάδος· 36.3 ὅταν γὰρ Ἠσαΐας λέγῃ· «ἐγὼ κύριος ἐξέτεινα τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐστερέωσα τὴν γῆν» καὶ πάλιν· «ἐγώ εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλος θεὸς πλὴν ἐμοῦ», διὰ τὴν μίαν θεότητα καὶ συμφωνίαν, ὡς προείρηται· 36.4 ὅταν δόξῃ μὴ μνημονεύεσθαι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, διὰ τὸ συμπεριέχεσθαι αὐτὸ τῷ θεῷ, οὗ πνεῦμα τυγχάνει ὄν· ὅταν τὴν μυσταγωγίαν
The Incomprehensibility of the Holy Trinity§40
40The master, having handed over, says: 'baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit' (Matt 28:19), because of the equal, equally-powerful, and consubstantial nature and the clarity of the hypostases. When what is now said concerning God and Father is remembered differently concerning the Only-begotten or the Holy Spirit, it is because of the reasons previously stated. When the hypostases teach differently that the same works perform the same energy, it is because of what is said before. When God and Father has pleased, each hypostasis being able to create and do all things, to sustain all things through the Son and God, and to sanctify through the Holy Spirit, it is because of the single will of the Trinity and the showing that all beautiful things are supplied from it, and because it sends to us thanksgiving and doxology common and equal to itself. When the same names are used for the blessed Trinity, such as 'God,' 'Lord,' 'Holy,' 'Just,' 'Good,' and others—except that 'the Father' is alone and always Father, and 'the true Son and God' is the Son and God without beginning, and 'the Holy Spirit' is the one and the same Spirit of God without beginning—it is because of the shared nature, authority, and all things. This, however, is upon it alone: when they discourse in secret, because the mystery of the faith is always kept to be revealed only to the faithful. When they say the Father God begat, the Son the Word being begotten, and the Holy Spirit proceeding, it is because of the divine thinking from the hypostasis of the Father as being without beginning and without passion, and having already preceded and being unified, not as near to creatures.
When he says, 'the Father who sent me is greater than I' (John 14:28) and whatever has been thought to be small regarding divinity, it is because of his inexpressible and voluntary economy for our sake and on behalf of you. For upon divinity, neither the small nor the non-omnipresent has place. When the Son says, 'My Father has given me a commandment, what shall I say and what shall I speak, and from myself I have not spoken' (John 14:10), and concerning the Holy Spirit, 'he will not speak from himself' (John 16:13) and such things, it is because of the harmony of the divine hypostases and because the teachings and gifts of the blessed Trinity are common and not different...
Those striving to be a temple, however worthy of the Holy Spirit dwelling in the faithful, as having once received the inaccessible light shining in them, glorify equally—as the Master established in the mystery of baptism—the self-generated God and Father, and the beloved and only-begotten Word Son co-existing with Him, and the mentioned Holy Spirit proceeding from His only hypostasis unoriginally and without distinction.
They do not disbelieve in the consubstantiality of the Trinity, nor do they seek a way or difference of generation and procession; because even regarding the heavenly liturgical powers, He has established this as unknown, inexpressible, and fearsome to remember; and how the Holy Trinity, having itself existed unoriginally, always possesses likewise and in such ways; and how, being seated upon the eternal throne, it looks upon the abysses, and while silencing, hears, and while hearing, remains silent; and knowing the future before the actual; and by word, and even more than word, by the mere will to lead all things; and before one scratches in the heart, it immediately provides the vote upon the request; and it accords all things at all times for benefit; and to be slow for wrath, but ready for goodness; and to be angry through our deficiency, but to remit the punishment through its own philanthropy.
And moreover, it is still incomprehensible how it has one will, and speaks, and provides common things of itself; and it overshadows not so much for the well-being of bodies, but the crushed heart itself. And indeed also this, how it exists invisible and ungraspable by seraphic eyes, uncontainable by word and place, undivided in power, unsearchable, immeasurable, simple, and unyielding; all-seeing, all-hearing, and the hope of all; far more luminous than heavenly light, and higher than all height, as much as cannot be said, and more intellectual by an infinite word than every mind.
For how could the things of the Trinity not be incomprehensible to all, when it is the creator of all and higher than all noetic, and even more so than noetic creation, beyond which is absolutely nothing, and all things...
Greek · §40
παραδοὺς ὁ δεσπότης λέγῃ· «βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος», διὰ τὸ ἰσότιμον καὶ ἰσοσθενὲς καὶ ὁμοούσιον καὶ τὴν εὐκρινίαν τῶν ὑποστάσεων· ὅταν τὸ νῦν περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς λεχθὲν ἑτέρωθι περὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς ἢ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀπομέμνηται, διὰ τὰς προλεχθείσας αἰτίας· 36.5 ὅταν τὰ αὐτὰ ἔργα τὴν αὐτὴν ἐνέργειαν ἀμφοτέρας ποιεῖν τὰς ὑποστάσεις διαφόρως διδάσκωσιν, διὰ τὸ ὡς προείρηται· 36.6 ὅταν ἑκάστης ὑποστάσεως δυναμένης δημιουργῆσαι καὶ πάντα ποιῆσαι εὐδόκησεν ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ διὰ μὲν τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ θεοῦ ὑποστῆναι πάντα, διὰ δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἁγιασθῆναι, διὰ τὸ ἓν θέλημα τῆς τριάδος καὶ τὸ δείκνυσθαι ἐξ αὐτῆς χορηγεῖσθαι πάντα τὰ καλὰ καὶ διὰ τὸ ἡμᾶς κοινὴν αὐτῇ καὶ ἴσην ἀναπέμπειν εὐχαριστίαν καὶ δοξολογίαν· 36.7 ὅταν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὀνόμασι κέχρηνται ἐπὶ τῆς μακαρίας τριάδος, οἷον «θεὸς», «κύριος», «ἅγιος», «δίκαιος», «ἀγαθὸς» καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, –πλὴν ὅτι «ὁ πατήρ», μόνος καὶ ἀεὶ πατήρ», καὶ «ὁ ἀληθινὸς υἱὸς καὶ θεός», ἀνάρχως υἱὸς καὶ θεός», καὶ «τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα» ἀνάρχως ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ», –διὰ τὴν τῆς φύσεως καὶ βασιλείας καὶ πάντων κοινωνίαν· τοῦτο δὲ ἐπὶ αὐτῆς μόνης· ὅταν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ διαλέγωνται, διὰ τὸ ἀεὶ τὸ μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως φυλάττεσθαι μόνοις ἀποκαλυπτόμενον πιστοῖς· ὅταν λέγωσιν τὸν μὲν θεὸν πατέρα γεννήσαντα, τὸν δὲ υἱὸν λόγον γεννηθέντα, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐκπορευόμενον, διὰ τὸ θεϊκῶς νοεῖν ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ πατρὸς ἀνάρχως καὶ ἀπαθῶς καὶ μὴ παραπλησίως τῶν κτισμάτων προεληλυθέναι τε καὶ ἡνῶσθαι. 36.8 ὅταν λέγῃ· «ὁ πέμψας με πατὴρ μείζων μού ἐστιν» καὶ ὅσα νενόμισται πρὸς θεότητα εἶναι μικρά, διὰ τὴν δι' ἡμᾶς καὶ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἄρρητον καὶ ἑκούσιον αὐτοῦ οἰκονομίαν. ἐπὶ γὰρ τῆς θεότητος οὔτε τὸ μικρὸν οὔτε τὸ μὴ εἶναι πανταχοῦ χώραν ἔχει. 36.9 ὅταν λέγῃ ὁ υἱὸς ὅτι «ὁ πατήρ μου ἐντολήν μοι δέδωκεν, τί εἴπω καὶ τί λαλήσω, καὶ ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλάλησα», περὶ δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος· «ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐ λαλήσει» καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, διὰ τὴν 41 συμφωνίαν τῶν θείων ὑποστάσεων καὶ διὰ τὸ κοινὰ εἶναι τῆς μακαρίας τριάδος τὰ διδάγματα καὶ χαρίσματα καὶ οὐ διαφωνοῦντα ὡς τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Περὶ τοῦ τὴν ἁγίαν τριάδα ἀκατάληπτον εἶναι. 1.1 Οἱ σπουδάζοντες εἶναι ναὸς κἂν ποσῶς ἄξιος τοῦ οἰκοῦντος ἐν τοῖς πιστοῖς ἁγίου πνεύματος, ὡς ἅπαξ ἔχοντες ἐλλάμπον αὐτοῖς τὸ ἀπρόσιτον φῶς, δοξάζουσιν, ὡς ὁ δεσπότης ἐν τῇ μυσταγωγίᾳ τοῦ βαπτίσματος ἐθέσπισεν ἰσοτίμως, τόν τε αὐτογενῆ θεὸν καὶ πατέρα καὶ τὸν ἐξ αὐτοῦ συνυπάρχοντα αὐτῷ ἀγαπητὸν καὶ μονογενῆ υἱὸν λόγον καὶ τὸ μνημονευθὲν ἅγιον πνεῦμα τὸ μόνον ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ ἀνάρχως καὶ ἀδιαστάτως ἐκπορευθέν· 1.2 τῷ μὲν ὁμοουσίῳ τῆς τριάδος μὴ ἀπιστοῦντες, τρόπον δὲ καὶ διαφορὰν γεννήσεως καὶ ἐκ πορεύσεως οὐ ζητοῦντες· ἐπειδὴ καὶ ταῖς οὐρανίοις λειτουργικαῖς δυνάμεσιν ἄγνωστον, ἄφραστον καὶ φοβερὸν ἐνθυμήσει καθέστηκεν τοῦτο· καὶ τὸ πῶς ἑαυτῇ συνυφέστηκεν ἀνάρχως ἡ ἁγία τριὰς ἔχουσα ἀεὶ ὡσαύτως καὶ κατὰ ταὐτά· καὶ οἷά τε οὖσα ἐπὶ τοῦ αἰωνίου καθημένη θώκου ἐπιβλέπειν ἀβύσσους καὶ σιωπῶσα ἀκούεσθαι καὶ σιωπώντων ἀκούειν· 1.3 καὶ πρὸ τοῦ πρακτέου ἐπίστασθαι τὸ μέλλον· καὶ λόγῳ, καὶ θᾶττον λόγου καὶ μόνῳ τῷ θέλειν πάντα παραγαγεῖν· καὶ πρὶν διαθρήσῃ τις ἐν τῆς καρδίᾳ μόνον δὲ πιστῶς καὶ δικαίως, τὴν ψῆφον εὐθὺς τὴν ἐπὶ τῇ αἰτήσει παρέχειν· καὶ πᾶσι καιρὸν εἰς εὐεργεσίαν ἁρμόζεσθαι· καὶ βραδείαν μὲν εἶναι εἰς ὀργήν, εἰς εὐποιίαν δὲ ἕτοιμον· καὶ χαλεπαίνειν μὲν δι' ἡμετέραν πλημμέλειαν ἀφιέναι δὲ δι' οἰκεῖαν φιλανθρωπίαν τὴν τιμωρίαν· 1.4 ἔτι γε μὴν ἀκατάληπτον αὐτῆς ἐστιν καὶ τὸ πῶς ἓν ἔχει θέλημα, καὶ λαλεῖ καὶ παρέχει κοινὸν ἑαυτῆς· καὶ ἐπισκέπτεται οὐ μᾶλλον εὐεξίαν σωμάτων, ἀλλ' αὐτὴν συντετριμμένην καρδίαν. 1.5 καὶ μὲν δὴ καὶ τοῦτο, πῶς ὑπάρχει ἀόρατος καὶ σεραφικοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἀπερίληπτος, λόγῳ καὶ τόπῳ ἀχώρητος, δυνάμει ἀμερής, ἀναφής, ἀμεγέθης, ἀμαθής, ἀπλατής, ἀνείδεος· παντεπίσκοπος, παντεπήκοος καὶ πάντων ἐλπίς· φωτὸς οὐρανίου ὑπὲρ τὸ πολὺ φωτεινοτέρα καὶ παντὸς ὕψους, ὅσον οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὑψηλοτέρα, καὶ παντὸς νοῦ ἀπείρῳ λόγῳ νοητικωτέρα. 1.6 πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἔμελλεν τὰ τῆς τριάδος πᾶσιν ἀκατάληπτα τυγχάνειν, ὅτε αὐτὴ πάντων ἐστὶ γενεσιουργὸς καὶ ἀνωτάτω πάσης νοερᾶς, ἔτι μὴν καὶ νοητῆς κτίσεως, μεθ' ἣν ἐπέκεινα παντελῶς οὐδέν, πάντα δὲ
The Work of the Spirit and the Divine Nature§41
41Rather through her, and by her, and under her feet as works; for the Father, having willed, began, and the Only-begotten Son created, and the Spirit of God sanctified and through his sanctification completed, enlightened, empowered, and gave life.
Being wholly present in all and in each one, and wholly participating and being contained by all through goodness, and not being divided, nor changing or transforming; but always breathing upon all similarly, and not in parts, and guarding the inherent purity from the defilement of bodies, illuminating all with divinity and everywhere multiplying sanctification, love, peace, wisdom, joy, safety, and every good, as they flashed forth from the source subsisting in the Father.
Through which also the God and Father approaches us, with whom he is in the heavens and remains with us; each divine hypostasis being able to do all things perfectly without hindrance, so that the shared and unalterable nature of them might be shown, as well as the worship, glory, and thanksgiving which ought to come from us, because of this, since creation is fulfilled by the Holy Trinity.
Thus presenting that creation is triadically ordered, he sings: 'By the word of the Lord the heavens were made, and by the spirit of his mouth all their strength' (Psalm 33:6). For he said 'Lord' regarding God the Father, 'Word' regarding the Only-begotten Son, through whom also they were created, and 'Spirit' regarding the hypostatic Holy Spirit of God, through whom, having been sanctified, they were empowered.
For it is the divine name, the almighty and surpassing title, being remembered and co-glorified with Father and Son; the sanctifying and life-giving and communicator of heavenly light; the guardian of each one's abiding in identity; that echoed in the prophets and apostles, and strengthened the martyrs to stand against tyrannical violence; that renews...
And they free us as Lord, and make us sons of God through the spirit of adoption; that which drives away the swarm of demons by the light, and scatters the adversary; that which opens for us the gates of the heavens, and leads us to the entrance of salvation, and working as a participant in the life and hymnody of the angels.
1.11 That which carries the tribulation happening to us toward the heavenly God and Father; the self-governing and surpassingly calm appearance; the fruitful, inexperienced, and saving power; the immeasurable, incomparable, and pure hypostasis; the stainless, stable, and all-pure glory; the divine grace which replenishes what is lacking and heals the weak; the unspeakable and eternal goodness; the source of inexhaustible gifts and the procession of every good mind; the true manifestation of things to come and unknown.
1.12 The saving seal and the divine anointing, the pledge of eternal good things, through whom all creation, visible and invisible, rational and irrational, is strengthened; through whom for us is the divine rebirth, the forgiveness of lawlessness, the covering of sins, and the drawing near to God; and both a crown and the reception of good things for the righteous; and a heavenly sustenance and life without end and the inheritance of the kingdom of God eternally.
1.13 He who, through regeneration, becomes a participant in the fellowship of these mentioned good things, and toward the catholic epistles is a participant in the divine nature. For having received the incorruptible and eternal light, he remains in youth and freshness according to the intelligible, and is made like the only one having immortality and dwelling in light that is inaccessible.
1.14 For they know that the priests of the old and new covenant are the Holy Spirit of the one supreme divine sacrifice. Immediately, indeed, they testify: 2.N On the Holy Spirit being of God; and concerning the heretical opposition 2.1 First, that it is a spirit of God and from God, even if not with...
Greek · §41
μᾶλλον ὑπ' αὐτῇ, καὶ δι' αὐτὴν καὶ ὑπὸ πόδας αὐτῆς ὡς ποιήματα; προκατήρξατο γὰρ εὐδοκήσας ὁ πατήρ, ἐδημιούργησεν δὲ ὁ μονογενὴς υἱός, ἡγίασεν δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῷ ἁγιασμῷ αὐτοῦ ἐτελείωσεν, ἐφώτισεν, ἐδυνάμωσεν, ἐζωοδότησεν· 1.7 ἐν πᾶσιν καὶ ἐν ἑκάστῳ ὅλον ὑπάρχον, καὶ ὑπὸ ὅλων ὅλον μετεχόμενον καὶ χωρούμενον δι' ἀγαθότητα· καὶ μὴ μεριζόμενον, μήτε μετερχόμενον ἢ μεταβαλλόμενον· ἀλλ' ἀεὶ πᾶσιν ἐπιπνέον ὁμοίως, καὶ οὐκ ἐν μέρει, καὶ φυλάττον τὴν οἰκείαν ἄχραντον ἀπὸ τῶν σωμάτων καθαρότητα, πάντα τε θείως καταλάμπον καὶ πανταχοῦ πληθύον ἁγιασμόν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην, σοφίαν. χαράν, ἀσφάλειαν καὶ πᾶν ἀγαθόν, ἅτε ἐκ τῆς πατρικῆς ἐνυποστάτως ἔκλαμψαν πηγῆς· 1.8 δι' οὗ καὶ δι' ὃ ἡμῖν πλησιάζει ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατήρ, μεθ' οὗ καὶ ἐν οὐρανοῖς ἐστιν καὶ παρ' ἡμῖν μένει· δυναμένης μὲν ἑκάστης θείας ὑποστάσεως ἀπροσδεῶς πάντα ποιῆσαι τελείως, ἵνα δὲ δειχθῇ τὸ συμπρακτικὸν καὶ ἀπαράλλακτον τῆς τε οὐσίας αὐτῶν τῆς τε προσκυνήσεως καὶ δόξης καὶ εὐχαριστίας τῆς ὀφειλούσης παρ' ἡμῶν γίνεσθαι, διὰ τοῦτο κοινῇ παρὰ τῆς ἁγίας τριάδος τῆς κτίσεως πληρωθείσης. 1.9 παριστῶν γοῦν τὸ τριαδικῶς διακεκοσμῆσθαι τὴν κτίσιν ψάλλει· «τῷ λόγῳ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν, καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν.» εἶπεν γὰρ «κύριον» μὲν τὸν θεὸν πατέρα, «λόγον» δὲ τὸν μονογενῆ υἱόν, δι' οὗ καὶ 42 παρ' οὗ ἐκτίσθησαν, «πνεῦμα» δὲ τὸ ἐνυπόστατον ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ, παρ' οὗ ἁγιασθέντες ἐνεδυναμώθησαν. 1.10 αὐτὸ γάρ ἐστιν τὸ θεϊκὸν ὄνομα, τὸ παντοκρατορικὸν καὶ ὑπερέχον ἀξίωμα, τὸ σὺν πατρὶ καὶ υἱῷ μνημονευόμενον καὶ συνδοξαζόμενον· τὸ ἁγιαστικὸν καὶ ζωοποιὸν καὶ φωτὸς οὐρανίου μεταδοτικόν· τὸ φρουρητικὸν ἑκάστων τῆς ἐν ταυτότητι διαμονῆς· τὸ προφήταις καὶ ἀποστόλοις ἐνηχῆσαν, καὶ μάρτυρας ἀντιστῆναι τυραννικῇ ὠμότητι ἐνισχύσαν· τὸ ἀνακαινίζον καὶ ἐλευθεροῦν ὡς κύριος, καὶ υἱοὺς θεοῦ ἡμᾶς ποιοῦν ὡς πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας· τὸ ἀπελαῦνον τῷ φωτίσματι δαιμόνων στίφη, καὶ τὸν ἀντικείμενον καταισχύνον· τὸ ἀναπετάζον ἡμῖν τὰς οὐρανῶν πύλας, καὶ ἄγον ἐπὶ τὴν εἴσοδον τῆς σωτηρίας, καὶ τῆς ἀγγέλων πολιτείας καὶ ὑμνῳδίας ἐργαζόμενον κοινωνούς· 1.11 τὸ γινόμενον ἡμῖν τρίβος ἀποφέρουσα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπουράνιον θεὸν καὶ πατέρα· ἡ αὐτεξούσιος καὶ ὑπερβάλλουσα γαληνοτάτη ἐπιφάνεια· ἡ γόνιμος καὶ ἄπειρος καὶ σωστικὴ δύναμις· ἡ ἀμεγέθης καὶ ἀσύγκριτος καὶ σεπτὴ ὑπόστασις· ἡ ἄχραντος καὶ ἔγκριτος καὶ πάναγνος δόξα· ἡ θεία χάρις ἡ τὰ λείποντα ἀναπληροῦσα καὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ ἰωμένη· ἡ ἄρρητος καὶ ἀίδιος ἀγαθότης· ἡ πηγὴ τῶν ἀνεκλείπτων χαρισμάτων καὶ παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ νοῦ πρόοδος· ἡ μελλόντων καὶ ἀγνώστων ἀληθὴς φανέρωσις· 1.12 ἡ σωτήριος σφραγὶς καὶ τὸ θεῖον χρῖσμα, ὁ ἀρραβὼν τῶν ἀιδίων ἀγαθῶν, παρ' οὗ πᾶσα κτίσις, ὁρατὴ καὶ ἀόρατος, λογικὴ καὶ μὴ λογική, ἐνδυναμοῦται· παρ' οὗ ἡμῖν ἡ θεία ἀναγέννησις καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν ἡ ἄφεσις καὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡ ἐπικάλυψις καὶ ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν οἰκείωσις· στέφανός τε δικαίοις καὶ ἀγαθῶν ἀπόληψις· οὐράνιόν τε ἐνδιαίτημα καὶ ζωὴ ἀτηλεύτητος καὶ βασιλείας θεοῦ κληρονομία αἰώνιος· 1.13 οὗτινος τῆς κοινωνίας διὰ τῆς παλιγγεννεσίας ὁ μετέχων τυγχάνει τῶν μνημονευθέντων ἀγαθῶν καὶ πρὸς τὰς καθολικὰς ἐπιστολὰς θείας ἐστὶ κοινωνὸς φύσεως. ὁ γὰρ ἀφθάρτου καὶ ἀιδίου φωτίσματος μετειληφὼς ἀγήρως κατὰ τὸ νοητὸν μένει ἐν νεότητι καὶ ἠπιότητι, καὶ ἐξομοιοῦται τῷ μόνῳ ἔχοντι ἀθανασίαν καὶ φῶς οἰκοῦντι ἀπρόσιτον. 1.14 οἱ γὰρ τῆς ἀρχαίας καὶ νέας διαθήκης ἱερομάνται τῆς ἀνωτάτω μιᾶς θείας θύσεως εἶναι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐπίστανται. αὐτίκα γοῦν μαρτυροῦσιν· 2.ν Περὶ τοῦ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ· καὶ περὶ αἱρετικῆς ἀντιθέσεως 2.1 Πρῶτον μέν, ὅτι πνεῦμά ἐστι τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰ καὶ μὴ μετ'
The Spirit as Uncreated Revealer§42
42They say that He, knowing only the things of God and being present over all, is such: 2.2 Moses in Genesis speaks from the face of God, saying, 'My spirit shall not remain in these men forever because they are flesh.' Haggai similarly speaks from a divine voice, 'I am with you, and my spirit has stood in your midst.' 2.3 Zechariah similarly says, 'But listen to my words, and receive my statutes, which I command by my spirit to my servants the prophets.' 2.4 Isaiah speaks of the Son from the Father, 'My spirit is upon you, and the words which I have given into your mouth shall not fail from your mouth and from the mouth of your seed'; he calls them 'seed', whom he also called to sonship. 2.5 And again from the Son, 'The Spirit of the Lord is upon me.' To complete these things in the economy, Matthew said thus, 'So that what was said through the prophet Isaiah might be fulfilled, saying: "Behold my servant whom I have loved, my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased; I will put my spirit upon him."' 2.6 And again from the Father, 'For a spirit shall proceed from me.' 2.7 And in Ezekiel, the Most High Father names our spirit 'your' spirit, but names the Holy Spirit his own, since it has proceeded from him according to nature: 'And I will give you a new heart and a new spirit; and I will take the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh, and I will give my spirit in you.' 2.8 And in Joel, 'I will pour out from my spirit upon all flesh.' 2.9 And Paul wrote to Titus that these things have been accomplished: 'When the grace of our salvation appeared, not according to works which we ourselves did, but according to his great mercy, having regenerated us through the bath of rebirth and renewal of the Holy Spirit, which he poured out upon us richly through Jesus Christ.' 2.10 And when did he pour out? When Christ, breathing, was saying, 'Receive the Holy Spirit.' And also the 'poured out', since water from him proceeds similarly and divine myrrh, which will be shown to us in the fitting places at the right time. 2.11 And the 'upon all flesh.' For these words fit the shared essence of the Holy Trinity, not the unshared created rational nature; for not...
...
What is written does not say, 'I will pour out from the archangel,' but 'from my spirit,' and not in such a broad manner, but 'upon all flesh.' David, entreating, cries, 'Do not take your holy spirit from me' (Psalm 51:11), and again, 'Your holy spirit shall guide me in a straight path' (Psalm 139:24). Matthew says from the Son, 'It is not you who speak, but the spirit of my Father speaking in you' (Matthew 10:20), which is to say: not you the creatures, but the uncreated spirit of God.
Paul also writes to the Corinthians in the first epistle, 'What eye has not seen, and what ear has not heard, and what has not come up upon the heart of man: what God has prepared for those who love him, which God has revealed to us through his spirit. The spirit searches all things, even the depths of God. For what does a man know of the things of the man, if not the spirit of the man that is in him? In the same way, no one knows the things of God, if not the spirit of God. But we have not received a spirit of the world, but the spirit which is from God, so that we may know the things granted to us by God' (1 Corinthians 2:9-12).
The 'prepared' good things from God, he said, that 'the spirit' 'revealed' as a companion; and 'his spirit' by antithesis to our own spirit. And securing again that it not be thought of as an angel or some other created spirit, he brought forward: 'we have not received a spirit of the world'—that is, a generated one—'but the spirit which is from God'—that is, from the remaining essence, the one proceeding from the subsistence of God; and as it alone knows the things of God, as Lord, and having likewise toward the Father according to nature. For the 'servant,' as it says in the Gospel, 'does not know what his lord does' (Luke 12:30).
No longer, however, did he speak as if regarding the man who dwells 'in God,' so that the uncomposed God might be thought of as composite. To the Ephesians: 'Do not grieve the holy spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption' (Ephesians 4:30); to the Romans: 'you are not in the flesh, but in the spirit, if the spirit of God dwells in you; but if anyone does not have the spirit of Christ, he is not his' (Romans 8:9); to the Galatians: 'because you are sons, God has sent the spirit of his son into your hearts, crying Abba Father' (Galatians 4:6); to the Philippians: 'for I know that...'
Greek · §42
αὐτόν, καὶ μόνον εἰδὸς τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τυγχάνον, λέγουσι τοιάδε· 2.2 Μωυσὴς μὲν ἐν τῇ γενέσει ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ· «οὐ μὴ καταμείνῃ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς σάρκας». Ἀγγαῖος ὁμοίως ἀπὸ θεϊκῆς φωνῆς· «ἐγώ εἰμι μεθ' ὑμῶν, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐφέστηκεν ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν·» 2.3 Ζαχαρίας ὁμοίως· «πλὴν ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους μου, καὶ τὰ νόμιμά μου δέχεσθε, ἃ ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι ἐν πνεύματί μου τοῖς δούλοις μου τοῖς προφήταις·» 2.4 Ἠσαίας ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τὸν υἱόν· «πνεῦμα τὸ ἐμόν, ὅ ἐστιν ἐπὶ σοί, καὶ τὰ ῥήματα, ἃ δέδωκα εἰς τὸ στόμα σου, οὐ μὴ ἐκλείπῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ σπέρματός σου·» σπέρμα λέγων αὐτοῦ τοὺς πιστούς, οὓς καὶ εἰς υἱοθεσίαν ἐκάλεσεν. 2.5 καὶ πάλιν ἀπὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ· «πνεῦμα κυρίου ἐπ' ἐμέ.» ἐκπεπεράνθαι σὲ ταῦτα ἐν τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ Ματθαῖος οὕτως εἶπεν· «ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· "4ἰδοὺ ὁ παῖς μου, ὃν ᾑρέτισα, ὁ ἀγαπητός μου, εἰς ὃν εὐ δόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου· θήσω τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπ' αὐτόν·"5» 2.6 καὶ πάλιν ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρός· «πνεῦμα γὰρ ἐξ ἐμοῦ ἐξελεύσεται.» 2.7 καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιὴλ ὁ ὕψιστος πατὴρ τὸ μὲν ἡμέτερον πνεῦμα «ὑμῶν» πνεῦμα, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἴδιον ἐξονομάζει, ἅτε ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐκπορευθὲν κατὰ φύσιν· «καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρδίαν καινὴν 43 καὶ πνεῦμα καινόν· καὶ ἀφελῶ τὴν καρδίαν τὴν λιθίνην ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν, καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρδίαν σαρκίνην, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῖν·» 2.8 καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἰωήλ· «ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα·» 2.9 καὶ ταῦτα τετελέσθαι Παῦλος ἔγραψεν Τίτῳ· «ὅτε ἐπεφάνη ἡ χάρις ἡ σωτήριος ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ὧν ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀνα γεννήσας ἡμᾶς διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώ σεως πνεύματος ἁγίου, οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς πλουσίως διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.» 2.10 πότε δὲ ἐξέχεεν; ὅτε ὁ Χριστὸς ἐμφυσῶν ἔλεγεν· «λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον,» εὖ δὲ καὶ τὸ «ἐξέχεεν», ἅτε ὕδωρ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ὁμοουσίως ἐκπορευθὲν καὶ μύρον θεϊκόν, καθὰ εὐκαίρως ἐν τοῖς ἁρμόζουσιν τόποις δειχθήσεται πρὸς ἡμῶν· 2.11 καὶ τὸ «ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα.» αἱ γὰρ λέξεις αὗται ἐπὶ τῆς ἐν ὁμάδι μεθεκτῆς οὐσίας τῆς ἁγίας τριάδος ἁρμόζουσιν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπὶ κτιστῆς ἀμεθέκτου λογικῆς φύσεως· οὐ γάρ που ἐγράφη οὔτε λέγειν πιθανόν· «ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρχαγγέλου», ἀλλ' ἀπὸ πνεύματός μου, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἀπολελυμένως, ἀλλ'· «ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα». 2.12 καὶ ∆αυὶδ δὲ ἱκετεύων βοᾶ· «τὸ πνεῦμά σου τὸ ἅγιον μὴ ἀντανέλῃς ἀπ' ἐμοῦ» καὶ πάλιν· «τὸ πνεῦμά σου τὸ ἅγιον ὁδηγήσει με ἐν γῇ εὐθείᾳ.» καὶ Ματθαῖος ἀπὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ· «οὐ ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ λαλοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ πατρός μου τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ὑμῖν», ὅ ἐστιν· οὐχ ὑμεῖς οἱ κτιστοί, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἄκτιστον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. 2.13 γράφει δὲ καὶ Παῦλος πρὸς μὲν Κορινθίους ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδεν, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσεν, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη· ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν, ἡμῖν δὲ ἀπεκάλυψεν ὁ θεὸς διὰ τοῦ πνεύ ματος αὐτοῦ. τὸ πνεῦμα πάντα ἐρευνᾷ καὶ τὰ βάθη τοῦ θεοῦ. τίς γὰρ οἶδεν ἀνθρώπων τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ; οὕτω καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐ πνεῦμα τοῦ κόσμου ἐλάβομεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ· ἵνα ἴδωμεν τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν.» 2.14 τὰ «ἡτοιμασμένα» παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀγαθὰ εἶπεν, ὅτι «τὸ πνεῦμα» «ἀπεκάλυψεν» ὡς συνδοτήρ· καὶ «τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ» κατὰ ἀντιπαράθεσιν τοῦ ἡμετέρου πνεύματος. καὶ ἐπασφαλιζόμενος αὖθις τὸ μὴ νομίζεσθαι αὐτὸ ὡς ἄγγελον ἢ ἄλλο πνεῦμα κτιστόν, ἐπήγαγεν· «οὐ πνεῦμα τοῦ κόσμου ἐλάβομεν»–τουτέστιν γενητόν–»ἀλλὰ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ»–τουτέστιν ἐξ ὑπολειπομένων, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ὑποστάσεως ἐκπορευθέν· καὶ ὡς αὐτὸ μόνον οἶδεν τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς κύριος, καὶ ἔχον ὡσαύτως τῇ φύσει πρὸς τὸν πατέρα. ὁ γάρ· «δοῦλος», –ὡς ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ λέγει, –»οὐκ οἶδεν τί ποιεῖ ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ.» 2.15 οὐκέτι δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου εἶπεν τὸ κατοικοῦν «ἐν τῷ θεῷ», ἵνα μὴ σύνθετος νομισθείῃ ὁ ἀσύνθετος θεός. 2.16 πρὸς δὲ Ἐφεσίους· «μὴ λυπεῖτε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἐσφρα γίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀναπολυτρώσεως»· 2.17 πρὸς δὲ Ῥωμαίους· «ὑμεῖς οὔκ ἐστε ἐν σαρκί, ἀλλ' ἐν πνεύματι, εἴπερ πνεῦμα θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν· εἰ δέ τις πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ οὐκ ἔχει, οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ»· 2.18 πρὸς δὲ Γαλάτας· «ὅτι δέ ἐστε υἱοί, ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, κράζον ἀββᾶ ὁ πατήρ»· 2.19 πρὸς δὲ Φιλιππησίους· «οἶδα γὰρ, ὅτι
The Spirit as Uncreated God§43
43This will result to me for salvation, through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ. Therefore, look, just as the saying 'Spirit of God' alone, and the addition of 'of' and 'your', has clearly signified this, that it is also uncreated and is God, having a name that is not acquired, but is naturally what is also attributed to it
And the fact that it is written 'Spirit of the Son' similarly demonstrated the communion of nature toward him, so that it might not be considered a creature of his. For how could the Son have created that which is and has also been written 'Spirit of God' to his own Father, as if he did not have it from himself before this? Which is not only blasphemous, but also a lie. 'Spirit of Christ' might be understood, that is, the power of Christ, in the manner that it has been said, 'the power of Christ and the wisdom of God.' For since the blessed Hypostases themselves proceeded from the nature of one Father and not by a creative energy, they lead back to the same one.
In order that no one might suspect his being a beginning or an end, but might truly believe that it is the Spirit of God, proceeding according to his nature, breathed uncaused and not becoming, as one of the other functional spirits, the Lord teaches in the Gospel according to John, saying: 'the Spirit of truth, which proceeds from the Father' (John 15:26). And he did not say 'is created.' For every birth and procession is accomplished through equal and similar things; but most distinctly is the birth and procession from the one Father through the union of his own divinity.
But regarding creatures, the prototype leads in time; but regarding God, it is not so, but co-essential and co-proceeded. And agreeing with the Lord, John proclaimed the Holy Spirit, which is equal and unalterable to the Father, and as a partial grace of him, encompassing, as one might say, the undefinable God the Father, and showing it as a partial grace found among the faithful, saying: 'For by this we know that we abide in him, and he in us, by the Spirit he has given us' (1 John 4:13). In the manner that the Son said: 'He who has seen me has seen the Father' (John 14:7/14:9); and: 'I proceeded from the Father' (John 16:28). For nothing at all according to essence...
not by divisions of cutting
Greek · §43
τοῦτο μοι ἀποβήσεται εἰς σωτηρίαν, διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως καὶ ἐπιχορηγίας τοῦ πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ»· 2.20 ἄθρει δὴ οὖν, ὡς καὶ μόνον τὸ φάναι αὐτὸ «πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ», καὶ ἡ προσθήκη δὲ τοῦ «μοῦ» καὶ «σοῦ», καὶ τοῦτο τηλαυγῶς ἐσήμανεν, ὅτι καὶ ἄκτιστόν ἐστι καὶ θεός, τοὔνομα ἔχον οὐκ ἐπακτόν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ εἶναι ἐκεῖνο φυσικῶς τοῦτο ὅπερ καὶ προσηγορεύεται. 2.21 καὶ τὸ γεγράφθαι δὲ αὐτὸ «πνεῦμα τοῦ υἱοῦ», ὁμοίως τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν κοινωνίαν τῆς φύσεως ἐδήλωσεν, καὶ ὥστε μὴ κτίσμα αὐτοῦ νομισθῆναι. πῶς γὰρ ἂν τῷ ἰδίῳ πατρί, ὡς οὐκ ἔχοντι πρὸ τούτου ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ, ἔκτισεν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦθ' ὅπερ ἔστι τε καὶ γέγραπται πνεῦμα θεοῦ; ὅπερ οὐ βλάσφημόν ἐστι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἠλίθιον. νοηθείη ἂν «πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ», τουτέστιν δύναμις Χριστοῦ, ὃν τρόπον εἴρηται «Χριστὸν θεοῦ δύναμιν καὶ θεοῦ σοφίαν.» 44 ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἑνὸς πατρὸς φύσει καὶ οὐ δημιουργικῇ ἐνεργείᾳ προῆλθον αἱ μακάριαι ὑποστάσεις αὖται, εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν ἕνα ἀνάγονται. 2.22 ἵνα γὰρ μή τις ὑποπτεύσῃ ἀρχὴν αὐτοῦ εἶναι ἢ πέρας, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὴν φύσιν αὐτοῦ προόδου πιστεύσῃ ἀληθῶς αὐτὸ πνεῦμα εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀναπνευσθὲν ἀνάρχως, καὶ οὐ γενόμενον, ὡς ἓν τῶν ἄλλων λειτουργικῶν πνευμάτων, διδάσκων ὁ κύριος ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγελίῳ λέγει· «τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται». οὐκ εἶπεν δὲ «κτίζεται». πᾶσα μὲν γὰρ γέννησις καὶ ἐκπόρευσις διὰ τῶν ἴσων καὶ ὁμοίων ἐπιτελεῖται· μάλιστα δὲ διαφερόντως ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνὸς πατρὸς καθ' ἕνωσιν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ θεότητός ἐστι γέννησις καὶ ἐκπόρευσις. 2.23 ἀλλ' ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν κτισμάτων ἡγεῖται τῷ χρόνῳ ὁ πρωτότυπος· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ συνυφεστώτως καὶ συμπροεληλυθότως. 2.24 συνᾴδων δὲ τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ Ἰωάννης ἐκήρυξεν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος τὸ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἴσον καὶ ἀπαράλλακτον καὶ ὡς μερικὴ αὐτοῦ χάρις ὅλον, ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις, τὸν ἀπερίγραφον θεὸν πατέρα περιλαμβάνον, καὶ ὡς μερικὴ χάρις παρὰ πιστοῖς εὑρισκόμενον δείκνυσιν, εἰπών· «ἐν τούτῳ γὰρ γινώσκομεν, ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ μένομεν, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν ἡμῖν ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ, οὗ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν». ὃν τρόπον ὁ υἱὸς εἶπεν· «ὁ ἑορακὼς ἐμὲ τὸν πατέρα·» καί· «ἐγὼ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐξῆλθον.» 2.25 οὐδὲν γὰρ ὅλως κατ' οὐσίαν ἢ κατὰ χρόνον ἢ δόξαν ὕφεσιν ἔχον δύναται τὴν ὅλην ἐκφαίνειν ἀλήθειαν ἢ ὁμοειδὲς τυγχάνειν καὶ ἴσην ἔχειν ἐπίγνωσιν· οὔτε δέ τις τύχοι ἂν μετοχῆς θεότητος ἀληθοῦς διὰ κτίσματος· 2.26 δίδοται δὲ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, οὐ κατατομῆς μερισμοῖς, ἀλλὰ τῷ λόγῳ τῆς μετουσίας, καὶ τοῦ μὴ νοεῖσθαι ἑτεροφυῶς ἢ ἑτερογνωμόνως τοῦ πατρὸς οἰκεῖν ἐν ἡμῖν. 2.27 ἔδειξεν δὲ ἅμα «ὁ τῆς βροντῆς υἱὸς», ὡς ἔνθα ἐστὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, πάρεστιν ὁ θεὸς πατήρ, οὗ πνεῦμά ἐστιν· ὅπερ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς προανεφώνησεν, εἰπών· «ἐνοικήσω ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσω· καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μου λαός.» 2.28 ὡς πάλιν τὸ ἀντικείμενον δηλοῖ, ὅτι εἴ τις τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς θεὸν ἀληθινὸν οὐκ ἔχει, οὐδὲ τὸν πατέρα ἔχει· παρ' οἷς δὲ μὴ οὗτός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς οὐδ' ἀσφαλὲς οὐδὲ βέβαιον. 2.29 ὡς τὸ ἔμπαλιν ὁστισοῦν λέγων περὶ αὐτοῦ, κἂν αἱρετικὸς ὢν τύχοι, ἐὰν ἐρωτηθῇ, περὶ ποίου διαλέγεται πνεύματος, λέγει· «τοῦ ἁγίου»· καὶ εἰ αὖθις πάλιν πεῦσις αὐτῷ προσενεχθείη, «ποίου ἁγίου», ἀνάγκη αὐτὸν εἰπεῖν εἰς φανερωτάτην δήλωσιν· «τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ», ὡς τῶν ἄλλων μὴ οὐσιωδῶς ὄντων αὐτοῦ. 2.30 μοχθηροὶ δὲ ἑαυτοῖς τε καὶ τοῖς ἀκούουσιν γινόμενοι αἱρετικοί, βιαίοις ἐπιχειρήσεσιν συκοφαντοῦσι τοὺς ἡμῶν καὶ αὐτῶν ἀμείνους καὶ μέγιστον διαφέροντας καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος χρήσαντας ἁγίους· οἷς οὐκ ἐναντία νομοθετητέον. 2.31 φασὶν γὰρ κατὰ λέξιν οὕτως· «ὅταν οὖν λέγῃ ὁ θεός· «ὁ παῖς μου Ἡσαῖας·» καὶ, «υἱὸς πρωτότοκός μου Ἰσραήλ», ἡ «μοῦ» συλλαβὴ ἔχειν τι κοινὸν τὴν ἀνθρωπείαν φύσιν πρὸς τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ δείκνυσιν; ὥσπερ οὖν, φησίν, τοῦτο εἶπεν ὡς τοῦ εἶναι αὐτοῖς αἴτιος. οὕτως καὶ τὴν ψύχωσιν αὐτῶν «πνεῦμά μου» προσεῖπεν.» 2.32 εἴ τις δὲ αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ ἀκριβείας λόγος ὑπῆν, οὐκ ἂν τηλικαῦτα ἔπταιον. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ αὐτῷ τῷ φάναι «Ἡσαῖαν» καὶ «Ἰσραὴλ» ἀνθρώπους ἐδήλωσεν· προσέθηκεν δὲ κατ' ἐξαίρετον αὐτοῖς τὸ «μοῦ» ὡς αὐτῷ ταῖς πράξεσιν προσήκουσιν. 2.33 τὸν Ἡσαῖαν δὲ «παῖδα» ἐκάλεσεν, τουτέστιν οἰκέτην, τὸν δὲ Ἰσραὴλ «πρωτότοκον», ὡς πρῶτον ἀρξάμενον λατρεύειν αὐτῷ, καὶ ὄντα τῇ περὶ αὐτὸν διαθέσει καὶ φροντίδι τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τάξει υἱοῦ. 2.34 ὥστε τὸ «μοῦ» ἐπὶ τοῦ
The Divine Names of the Holy Spirit§44
44That calling him the true Son and the true Spirit denotes the appropriation of nature by God: but regarding all other things, it differs by lordship or by faith; just as we are accustomed to say regarding those who are of the same substance to us, 'my son, my spirit,' but regarding others, 'my field, my horse,' yet also 'my God.'
For the manner of the hypostatic Logos of the divine nature is not shown to have become Son and only-begotten and the Word of God, Christ, by simply and unattachedly speaking, but by having the syllable of 'my' and 'your' joined together. As when God says, 'This is my beloved Son' (Matt 3:17), and again, 'my good Word,' and, 'I prepared a lamp for my Christ'; and we say, 'your Son, your only-begotten, your Christ.'
Nor does it being called by the same name or by a similar name regarding us—'sons of men, how long will you be heavy-hearted?' (Ps 38:13)—bring forth the Son of God through the homonymy of divinity; likewise, the Holy Spirit does not simply being called 'Spirit,' but the joining to the name, or as being from God the 'my,' or as being from the creation the 'your,' or even the word 'holy' or 'incorruptible' or 'eternal,' denotes that he proceeds from the Father's hypostasis; nor does the speaking of the liturgical things and our spirits or holy or eternal things by the same name bring forth that he is by nature the true Spirit of God.
For in the riddles concerning him, some declaration of his divine nature and power is always found. But the creatures received the holy and eternal toward their own nature, not possessing these things by nature from themselves.
Since even these heretics are found arguing against themselves, that the 'my' regarding the Son of God and the 'holy' and the 'eternal' they simply accept as announcing the identity of the divine nature? Furthermore, in these matters, he did not name our soul 'spirit' in the proofs provided, but his own Holy Spirit. For having our own spirit, the Spirit of God was given to us. For the Father said, 'My Spirit shall not remain in these men' (cf. Ps 105:36), and the Son: 'Receive the Holy Spirit' (John 20:22). It is clear.
And, as it was said concerning the divine Spirit, that it is like our own indwelling Spirit. Therefore, just as the Son, the Word of God, is paternally generative, so the Holy Spirit is spiritually proceeding and not by creation. And just as there is no change in essence, power, or glory for the only-begotten Son in relation to God the Father—though any difference, if it is permissible to say so, exists in relation to creation—so also with the one divine Spirit.
Thus, it is more righteous not even to hear the heretics and to approach listening to these things. Concerning how the divine nature of the Holy Spirit is signified by various names. What we have said from the beginning, the words testify a second time: that there are various God-befitting names for the Spirit of God, having laid upon them much other emphasis and a relation surpassing all, contributing to the present theorems continuously and more excellently than the most appropriate interpretation, to both the Father and the Son.
And still replenishing both his divine nature and his authentic power, and comforting our weakness regarding our ability to reach him either by the interpretation of words or by the contemplation of the mind, and providing boldness to call him without danger consubstantial with God and to believe in his sanctification. And we find nothing of the other spirits privileged to be called by these names; but these things, which alone exist by nature, are not one of the many things, but God.
And these names are these: Holy Spirit, as it is written everywhere; Spirit of holiness, and Sanctifier, as he writes to the Romans: 'Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh, and was designated the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness' (Rom 1:1-4). And again: 'that the offering of the Gentiles might be acceptable, sanctified in the Holy Spirit' (Rom 15:16), and likewise: 'we must always thank God for all of you, beloved brothers, because God chose you as a firstfruit for salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and in the faith of truth' (1 Thess 2:13). Spirit of power and of love and of self-control, as Paul in the second epistle to...
Greek · §44
ἀληθινοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ πνεύματος λεγόμενον παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν οἰκείωσιν τῆς φύσεως δηλοῖ: ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων πάντων τὸ αὐτῷ κατὰ δεσποτείαν ἢ πίστιν διαφέρειν· ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰώθαμεν λέγειν ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ὁμοουσίων ἡμῖν «ὁ υἱός μου, τὸ πνεῦμά μου», ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων· «ὁ ἀγρός μου, ὁ ἵππος μου», ἀλλὰ καὶ «ὁ θεός μου». 2.35 ὃν τρόπον γὰρ τὸν τῆς θείας φύσεως ἐνυπόστατον λόγον οὐ τὸ ἁπλῶς καὶ 45 ἀπολελυμένως εἰρῆσθαι υἱὸν καὶ μονογενῆ καὶ λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ Χριστὸν δείκνυσιν γεγεννῆσθαι ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἔχειν συνημμένην τὴν συλλαβὴν τοῦ «μοῦ» καὶ «σοῦ». 2.36 ὡς ἡνίκα ὁ μὲν θεὸς λέγῃ· «οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός·» καὶ πάλιν· «ὁ λόγος μου ὁ ἀγαθός·» καί· «ἡτοίμασα λύχνον τῷ Χριστῷ μου·» ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀνευφημοῦμεν· «ὁ υἱός σου, ὁ μονογενής σου, ὁ Χριστός σου». 2.37 οὐδέ γε μὴν τὸ ὁμωνύμως ἢ συνωνύμως περὶ ἡμῶν γεγράφθαι· «υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων, ἕως πότε βαρυκάρδιοι;» ἐξέλκει τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ ὁμωνυμίᾳ τῆς θεότητος· οὕτω τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα οὐ τὸ ἁπλῶς εἰρῆσθαι «πνεῦμα», ἀλλὰ τὸ συνῆφθαι τῷ ὀνόματι ἢ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ «μοῦ» ἢ ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς κτίσεως τὸ «σοῦ» ἢ καὶ τὴν «ἅγιος» ἢ «ἄφθαρτος» ἢ «αἰώνιος» λέξιν δηλοῖ ἐκπεπορεῦσθαι αὐτὸ ἐκ τῆς πατρικῆς ὑποστάσεως· οὐδέ γε μὴν τὸ ὁμωνύμως εἰρῆσθαι τὰ λειτουργικὰ καὶ τὰ ἡμῶν πνεύματα ἢ ἅγια ἢ αἰώνια ἐξέλκει αὐτὸ τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν εἶναι ἀληθινὸν πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. 2.38 καὶ ἐν τοῖς αἰνίγμασιν γὰρ αὐτοῖς τοῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ εὑρίσκεταί τις πάντως δήλωσις περὶ τῆς θείας αὐτοῦ φύσεως καὶ δυνάμεως. τὰ δὲ κτίσματα πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτῶν φύσιν ἔλαβεν τὸ ἅγιον καὶ αἰώνιον, οὐ καθάπαξ ταῦτα κατὰ φύσιν ἐξ ἑαυτῶν ἔχοντα. 2.39 ἐπεὶ μή γε αὐτοὶ οὗτοι αἱρετικοὶ εὑρίσκονται κατηγοροῦντες ἑαυτῶν, ὅτι τὸ «μοῦ» ἐπὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὸ «ἅγιον» καὶ τὸ «αἰώνιον» ἁπλῶς δέχονται ὡς ἀγγέλλον ταυτότητα τῆς θεϊκῆς φύσεως; ἔπειτα πρὸς τούτοις οὐ τὴν ψύχωσιν ἡμῶν πνεῦμα ὠνόμασεν ἐν ταῖς προκειμέναις ἀποδείξεσιν, ἀλλὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. 2.40 ἐχόντων γὰρ ἡμῶν τὸ ἴδιον πνεῦμα ἐδόθη ἡμῖν καὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ. εἶπεν γὰρ ὁ πατήρ· «οὐ μὴ καταμείνῃ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις,» καὶ ὁ υἱὸς· «λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον.» δῆλον δέ, ὡς τοῖς ἤδη ἔχουσιν τὸ οἰκεῖον ἡμῶν πνεῦμα ἐλέγετο περὶ τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος. 2.41 καθὰ τοίνυν ὁ υἱὸς λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ υἱικῶς γεννητικός· οὕτω τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα πνευματικῶς ἐκπορευτικὸν καὶ οὐ δημιουργικῶς. καὶ ὡς οὐδεμία παραλλαγὴ οὐσίας καὶ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης τῷ μονογενεῖ υἱῷ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν πατέρα, διαφορὰ δὲ πᾶσα, εἴ γε θέμις τοῦτο φάναι, πρὸς τὴν κτίσιν· οὕτω καὶ τῷ ἑνὶ θεϊκῷ πνεύματι. 2.42 τὸ οὖν μηδὲ ἀκούειν τὰ αἱρετικῶν τοῦ μὴ καὶ προσιέμενον αὐτὰ ἀκούειν δικαιότερον. 3.ν Περὶ τοῦ ἐκ διαφόρων ὀνομάτων σημαίνεσθαι τὴν θεϊκὴν φύσιν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. 3.1 ὃ δὲ ἐλέγομεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, δεύτερον μαρτυροῦσιν τὰ λόγια, ὅτι διάφορα θεοπρεπῆ ὀνόματά ἐστιν τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ πολλήν τε ἄλλην ἔμφασιν ἐπηρμένην καὶ σχέσιν ὑπερτέραν πάντων, καὶ τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ συνεχῆ καὶ κρείττονα τῆς πρεπωδεστάτης ἑρμηνείας συνεισφέροντα τοῖς προκειμένοις θεωρήμασι· 3.2 καὶ ἔτι ἀναπλοῦντα ἔνια μὲν τὴν θεϊκὴν αὐτοῦ φύσιν ἔνια δὲ τὴν αὐθεντικὴν δύναμιν, καὶ παραμυθούμενα τὴν ἀδυναμίαν ἡμῶν τὴν περὶ τὸ ἀξίως ἐφικέσθαι αὐτοῦ ἢ ἑρμηνείᾳ ῥημάτων ἢ θεωρίᾳ νοῦ, καὶ παρρησίαν παρέχοντα ἀκινδύνως ὁμοούσιον τοῦ θεοῦ καλεῖν αὐτὸ καὶ πιστεύειν τῷ ἁγιασμῷ αὐτοῦ. 3.3 καὶ οὐχ εὑρίσκομεν οὐδὲν τῶν ἄλλων πνευμάτων καταξιωθὲν κληθῆναι τοῖς ὀνόμασι τούτοις· τὸ δὲ μόνως καὶ φύσει ὑπάρχον ταῦτα οὐδέν ἐστι τῶν πάντων, ἀλλὰ θεός. 3.4 ἔστιν δὲ τὰ ὀνόματα τάδε· πνεῦμα ἅγιον, ὡς πανταχοῦ γέγραπται· πνεῦμα ἁγιοσύνης, καὶ ἁγιάζον, ὡς γράφει Ῥωμαίοις «Παῦλος, δοῦλος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον θεοῦ, ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν γραφαῖς ἁγίαις περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος ∆αυὶδ κατὰ σάρκα, τοῦ ὁρισθέντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιοσύνης,» 3.5 καὶ πάλιν· «ἵνα γένηται ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν εὐπρόσδεκτος, 46 ἡγιασμένη ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ», καὶ ἑτέρωθι· «ἡμεῖς δὲ ὀφείλομεν εὐχαριστεῖν τῷ θεῷ πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν, ἀδελφοὶ ἠγαπημένοι ὑπὸ κυρίου, ὅτι εἵλετο ὑμᾶς ὁ θεὸς ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασ μῷ πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας.» 3.6 πνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ, ὡς Παῦλος ἐν δευτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ πρὸς
The Spirit in Scripture§45
45He wrote to Timothy: 'For God did not give you a spirit of slavery, but a spirit of power and love and self-control' (2 Timothy 1:7), and to the Romans: 'I urge you, brothers, through our Lord Jesus Christ and through the love of the Spirit' (Romans 15:30), and to the Galatians: 'But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace' (Galatians 5:22), similar to 'God is love' (1 John 4:8), and to 'He transferred us into the kingdom of the love of his Son' (Revelation 22:2); and 'just as Christ loved the church' (Ephesians 5:2), and again: 'the Son of God who loved me' (Galatians 2:20), similar also to 'you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the power of the Father' (Mark 13:32), and to 'I knew a power going out from me' (John 10:40).
A spirit of wisdom and understanding, a spirit of counsel and strength, a spirit of knowledge and godliness; a spirit of the fear of God, a spirit of judgment and burning, as Isaiah prophesies; and as Wisdom says: 'for the spirit of wisdom is a lover of mankind,' and as Moses relates in Exodus: 'Behold, God has called by name Bezalel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, and has filled him with a divine spirit of wisdom and understanding and knowledge' (Exodus 31:2), and according to Baruch: 'You have left the fountain of wisdom' (Baruch 3:9), and as the proverbs teach: 'God established the earth by wisdom, and prepared the heavens by understanding' (Proverbs 3:19), just as Isaiah said concerning God the Father: 'He was wise in doing evil against them' (Isaiah 5:5). And concerning the Only-Begotten, Paul said: 'Christ, the power of God and the wisdom of God' (1 Corinthians 1:24); and another: 'I will bless the Lord who gave me understanding' (Psalm 119:34).
A spirit of gentleness, just as Paul admonishes the Galatians: 'Brothers, if even a person is caught in a transgression, you who are spiritual should restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness' (Galatians 6:1). A spirit of discipline, that is, of wisdom. For wisdom says: 'the spirit of discipline will flee from guile, and will turn away from foolish thoughts.' A spirit of adoption, as—
Paul first sent to the Romans: 'For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God' (Rom 8:14). 'For you received the Spirit of adoption, in whom we cry: Abba, Father; the Spirit itself bears witness with our spirit, that we are children of God' (Rom 8:15-16).
3.12 The Spirit of promise, according to the same apostle writing to the Ephesians: 'in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit, who is the pledge of our inheritance' (Eph 1:13), and to the Galatians: 'Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us. For it is written: Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree; so that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith' (Gal 3:13-14).
3.13 The Spirit of faith and revelation, according to the same apostle to the Corinthians: declaring in the second epistle: 'having the same Spirit of faith' (2 Cor 3:3), and again: 'but God revealed to us through His Spirit' (1 Cor 2:10). This is similar to what he showed to the Romans: 'God is faithful, through whom you were called into the fellowship of His Son' (1 Cor 1:9), and to that which was said under Moses in Deuteronomy: 'and you shall know today, that the Lord your God, He is God, the faithful God' (Deut 7:9), and to the Psalmist: 'Faithful is the Lord in all His words and holy in all His works' (Ps 119:89, 160).
3.14 The guiding Spirit, the straight Spirit, according to David in the 4th Psalm confessing: 'With a guiding spirit, sustain me' (Ps 143:10); likewise to the Psalmist in the 122nd Psalm: 'For straight is the word of the Lord, and all His works are in faithfulness' (Ps 33:4), and to Moses saying: 'Straight is the Lord our God, and there is no injustice in Him' (Deut 32:4).
3.15 The Spirit of grace, just as the apostle writes to the Hebrews: 'He who has despised the Son of God and insulted the Spirit of grace' (Heb 10:29); for the same one also wrote concerning the Father: 'I am by the grace of God, as I am' (1 Cor 15:10), and his grace is in me; and concerning the Son: 'The grace of our Lord Jesus...'
Greek · §45
Τιμόθεον ἔγραψεν· «οὐ γὰρ ἔδωκεν ὑμῖν ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα δουλείας, ἀλλὰ πνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ», καὶ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους· «παρακαλῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ διὰ ἀγάπης τοῦ πνεύματος», καὶ ἑτέρωθι· «ὁ δὲ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἀγάπη, χαρά, εἰρήνη,» 3.7 ὅμοιον τῷ. «ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν,» καὶ τῷ· «μετέστησεν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ·» καί· «καθὼς ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπησεν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν,» καὶ πάλιν· «τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντός με,» ὅμοιον καὶ τῷ· «ἀπάρτι ὄψεσθε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ πατρός,» καὶ τῷ· «ἐγὼ ἔγνων δύναμιν ἐξελθοῦσαν ἐξ ἐμοῦ.» 3.8 πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως, πνεῦμα βουλῆς καὶ ἰσχύος, πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας· πνεῦμα φόβου θεοῦ, πνεῦμα κρίσεως καὶ καύσεως, ὡς Ἡσαῖας προφητεύει· καὶ ὡς ἡ σοφία λέγει· «φιλάνθρωπον γὰρ πνεῦμα σοφίας,» καὶ ὡς Μωυσῆς ἐν τῇ Ἐξόδῳ διηγεῖται· «ἰδοὺ ἀνακέκληκεν ὁ θεὸς ἐξ ὀνόματος τὸν Βεσελεὴλ τὸν τοῦ Οὐρί, τὸν τοῦ Ὤρ, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰούδα, καὶ ἐνέπλησεν αὐτὸν πνεῦμα θεῖον σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως καὶ ἐπιστήμης,» καὶ κατὰ τὸν Βαρούχ· «ἐγκατέλιπες τὴν πηγὴν τῆς σοφίας», καὶ ὡς αἱ παροιμίαι διδάσκουσιν· «ὁ θεὸς τῇ σοφίᾳ ἐθεμελίωσεν τὴν γῆν, ἡτοίμασεν δὲ οὐ ρανοὺς ἐν φρονήσει,» καθὰ περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς Ἡσαῖας εἶπεν· «αὐτὸς σοφὸς ἦγεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς κακά». περὶ δὲ τοῦ μονογενοῦς Παῦλος ἔφη· «Χριστός, θεοῦ δύναμις, καὶ θεοῦ σοφία·» καὶ ἄλλος· «εὐλογήσω τὸν κύριον τὸν συνετίσαντά με.» 3.9 πνεῦμα πραότητος, καθὰ Παῦλος νουθετεῖ Γαλάτας· «ἀδελφοί, ἐὰν καὶ προληφθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἔν τινι παραπτώματι, ὑμεῖς οἱ πνευματικοὶ καταρτίζετε τὸν τοιοῦτον ἐν πνεύ ματι πραότητος.» 3.10 πνεῦμα παιδείας, τουτέστι σοφίας. ἡ γὰρ σοφία λέγει· «πνεῦμα παιδείας φεύξεται δόλον, καὶ ἀπαναστήσεται ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων.» 3.11 πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας, ὡς Παῦλος τὸ πρῶτον Ῥωμαίοις ἀπέστειλεν· «ὅσοι γὰρ πνεύματι θεοῦ ἄγονται, οὗτοι υἱοὶ θεοῦ εἰσιν. ὅτι γὰρ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας, ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν· Ἀββὰ ὁ πατήρ, αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν, ὅτι ἐσμὲν τέκνα θεοῦ.» 3.12 πνεῦμα ἐπαγγελίας, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ἀπόστολον Ἐφεσίοις γράφοντα· «ἐν ᾧ καὶ πιστεύσαντες, ἐσφραγίσθητε τῷ πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τῷ ἁγίῳ, ὅς ἐστιν ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν,» καὶ πρὸς Γαλάτας· «Χριστὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξηγόρασεν ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου, γενό μενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα. γέγραπται γάρ· ἐπικατάρατος πᾶς ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου· ἵνα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη ἡ εὐλογία τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ γένηται ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἵνα τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πνεύματος λάβωμεν διὰ τῆς πίστεως.» 3.13 πνεῦμα πίστεως καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν Κορινθίοις· δηλοῦντα ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ· «ἔχοντες δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως», καὶ πάλιν· «ἡμῖν δὲ ὁ θεὸς ἀπεκάλυψεν διὰ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ.» ὅμοιον οὖν ᾧ Ῥωμαίοις ἐδήλωσεν· «πιστὸς ὁ θεός, δι' οὗ ἐκλήθητε εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ», καὶ τῷ ὑπὸ Μωυσέως ἐν τῷ δευτερονομίῳ λεχθέντι· «καὶ γνώσῃ σήμερον, ὅτι κύριος ὁ θεός σου, οὗτος θεὸς ὁ θεὸς ὁ πιστός,» καὶ τῷ ψάλλοντι· «πιστὸς κύριος ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ καὶ ὅσιος ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ.» 3.14 πνεῦμα ἡγεμονικόν, πνεῦμα εὐθὲς κατὰ τὸν ∆αυὶδ ἐν τῷ νʹ ἐξομολογούμενον· «πνεύματι ἡγεμονικῷ στήρισόν με»· ὁμοίως τῷ ψάλλοντι ἐν λβʹ· «ὅτι εὐθὴς ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐν πίστει», καὶ τῷ Μωυσεῖ λέγοντι· «εὐθὴς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀδικία ἐν αὐτῷ.» 3.15 πνεῦμα χάριτος, καθὰ ὁ ἀπόστολος Ἑβραίοις ἐπιστέλλει· «ὁ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καταπατήσας καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας,» καὶ γὰρ ὁ αὐτὸς ἔγραψεν περὶ μὲν τοῦ πατρός· «χάριτι θεοῦ εἰμί, ὅ εἰμι 47 καὶ ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμέ,» περὶ δὲ τοῦ υἱοῦ· «ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ
Homonyms and the Uncreated Nature§46
46Of Christ, the spirit of truth, as John announces from the Savior: 'If you love me, you have kept my commandments; and I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Paraclete, so that the spirit of truth may be with you forever' (John 14:15-17). And again in his first epistle: 'And the spirit is the one testifying that the spirit is the truth' (1 John 5:6), which is similar to saying of the Son: 'I am the truth' (John 14:6).
A divine spirit and the breath of the Pantokrator and a lover of mankind, according to the phrase of Job and according to Moses mentioned a few verses earlier in this chapter. The Holy Spirit was praised and is light, in whom also we are enlightened, just as the apostle writes: 'that he might give you a spirit of wisdom and of revelation, in the knowledge of him, having the eyes of your heart enlightened' (Ephesians 1:17-18), and as David sings: 'for with you is the fountain of life; in your light we shall see light' (Psalm 36:9); that is to say, in your Son, the radiance of your glory, your Holy Spirit. And: 'The light of your face has been shown to us, Lord' (Psalm 89:15). For what else would the Spirit be, if he proceeds from the Father or out of the Light? Concerning which John sang in the first epistle: 'God is light' (1 John 1:5), and in the Gospel concerning the Only-begotten: 'was the true light, which enlightens every man coming into the world' (John 1:9), and: 'I am the light, I am the life' (John 11:25).
It is nothing wonderful, then, if being one and always having the same nature, he is glorified with differing designations. For his divinity, being ungraspable by the words of mortals, they praise with differing designations and with names, according to the power of the energies which come to us. As for those representing the doctrine of Macedonius, becoming more of their heresy than of the truth, nothing is happening to those looking at the logical arguments. For they are mythologically seizing upon words, as if one should not pay attention to homonyms, or synonyms, or similar expressions.
For the 'good' name of God, he says, is entwined with 'one God,' but regarding the Holy Spirit, the 'good' name is not joined with 'one God.' And again: good, he says, was written to be even a man, as he says: 'do good, Lord, to the good' (Luke 6:35), and: 'the good man brings good things out of the good treasure' (Luke 6:45). Similarly, he says, good is the...
Evenly and without soul, as when one prophesies: 'If you will and listen to me, eat the good things of the earth' (Ps 34:8). But also regarding unstable things it is said: 'It is good to confess to the Lord' (Ps 51:15). Similarly, it is said a man is called holy, and a power of God, and a worm, where it is written: 'My strength, my great power' (Isa 48:16), and the Savior says: 'The powers of the heavens shall be shaken' (Matt 24:29).
And this I say: that the argument regarding homonyms and similar words applies to heterousious things, but not to the Holy Spirit and Him whose Spirit He is, and moreover to the Son. For the Scripture adds to the homonyms or synonyms a safeguard from itself, by enclosing the syllable 'my' or 'your' or the word 'holy' or 'good'; that is, either as from God it says: 'my spirit,' or as from David and us: 'your good spirit shall guide me' (Ps 23:6).
Therefore, it is necessary to be persuaded by those scriptural testimonies which are much more effective, and to know that the Holy Spirit has homonymy or synonymy and similar words toward God and His only-begotten Son, having mentioned those with similar names, not toward creatures because there is found sometimes a homonymy in them.
For even if we should give a name or a word to participate in God, it is not in essence or in the energy of power and sanctification. For these things do not exist at all by nature; but by comparison to the evil, the good and the sin, that is, the passion, the holy has been arranged; for the not very evil and sinful, that is, the passible, the good and holy is spoken of here.
For just as wickedness and sin, that is, passion and weakness, are not found in the one Holy Spirit, being ungenerated; so also in none of the generated things is the good and holy and powerful according to perfection, but according to participation; and where these are not anywhere according to perfection, nowhere is the ungenerated. For where there is darkness, nowhere is the light; and 'where there is night, not day.' And it is said also to Hermes Trismegistus: 'It is impossible for the good to be in generation, but only in the ungenerated. Just as participation is given to all in matter, so also to the good.' Therefore, the Holy Spirit is similar and equal to the Father and...
Greek · §46
Χριστοῦ,» 3.16 πνεῦμα ἀληθείας, ὡς Ἰωάννης ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος εὐαγγελίζεται· «ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτέ με, τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς ἐμὰς τηρήσατε· κἀγὼ ἐρωτήσω τὸν πατέρα, καὶ ἄλλον παράκλητον δώσει ὑμῖν, ἵνα ᾖ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας,» καὶ πάλιν ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ αὐτοῦ ἐπιστολῇ. «καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν τὸ μαρτυροῦν, ὅτι τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἡ ἀλήθεια,» ὁμοιότροπον τοῦ εἰπεῖν τὸν υἱόν· «ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια.» 3.17 πνεῦμα θεῖον καὶ πνοὴ παντοκράτορος καὶ φιλάνθρωπον, κατὰ τὴν φράσιν Ἰὼβ καὶ τὴν πρὸ ὀλίγων στιχιδίων ἐν τῷ κεφαλαίῳ τούτῳ μνημονευθεῖσαν Μωυσέως. 3.18 ἀνευφημήθη καὶ φῶς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἐν ᾧ καὶ ὑφ' ᾧ φωτιζόμεθα ὡς ἡνίκα ὁ ἀπόστολος γράφει· «ἵνα δῴη ὑμῖν πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως, ἐν ἐπιγνώσει αὐτοῦ, πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καρδίας,» καὶ ὡς ∆αυὶδ ψάλλει· «ὅτι παρὰ σοὶ πηγὴ ζωῆς· ἐν τῷ φωτί σου ὀψόμεθα φῶς·» τουτέστιν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ σου, τῷ ἀπαυγάσματι τῆς δόξης σου τὸ ἅγιόν σου πνεῦμα. καί· «ἐσημειώθη ἐφ' ἡμᾶς τὸ φῶς τοῦ προσώπου σου, κύριε.» τί γὰρ ἂν εἴη ἄλλο τὸ πνεῦμα, ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἢ ἐκ τοῦ φωτὸς ἐκπορεύεται; περὶ οὗ Ἰωάννης ὕμνησεν ἐν μὲν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «φῶς ὁ θεός,» ἐν δὲ εὐαγγελίῳ περὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς· «ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον,» καί· «ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς, ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ζωή.» 3.19 οὐδὲν δὲ θαυμαστόν, εἰ ἓν ὂν καὶ ἀεὶ ὡσαύτως ἔχον, διαφοροῖς προσηγορίαις δοξάζεται. τῷ γὰρ ἀπερίληπτον εἶναι θνητῶν λόγων τὴν ἄφραστον αὐτοῦ θεότητα, κατὰ δύναμιν τὰς εἰς ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς γινομένας ἐνεργείας ὑμνοῦντες, διαφοροῖς καὶ τοῖς ὀνόμασι προσχρώμεθα. 3.20 οἱ δὲ τὸ Μακεδονίου πρεσβεύοντες δόγμα, τῆς αἱρέσεως αὐτῶν μᾶλλον ἢ τἀληθοῦς γινόμενοι, οὐδέν τι συμβαῖνον τοῖς τῶν λογίων βλέπουσιν. συναρπακτικῶς γὰρ μυθεύονται ῥήμασιν αὐτοῖς, ὡς οὐ χρὴ ὁμωνυμίαις ἢ συνωνυμίαις ἢ ὁμοιολεξίαις προσέχειν. 3.21 τοῦ γὰρ θεοῦ, φησίν, τὸ «ἀγαθὸς» ὄνομα, τῷ «εἷς θεὸς» συμπέπλεκται ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι τῷ «ἀγαθὸς» ὀνόματι οὐ συνέζευκται τὸ «εἷς θεός». καὶ πάλιν· ἀγαθός, φησίν, ἐγράφη εἶναι καὶ ἄνθρωπος, ὡς ἡνίκα λέγει· «ἀγάθυνον, κύριε, τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς,» καί· «ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει ἀγαθά.» 3.22 ὁμοίως δέ, φησίν, ἀγαθὰ ὁμωνύμως καὶ ἄψυχα, ὡς ὅταν προφητεύῃ· «ἐὰν θελήσητε καὶ ἀκούσητέ μου, τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῆς γῆς φάγεσθε.» ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ ἀνυποστάτων δῆθεν πραγμάτων εἴρηται· «ἀγαθὸν τὸ ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τῷ κυρίῳ.» 3.23 ὁμοίως ἅγιος, φησίν, καλεῖται καὶ ἄνθρωπος, δύναμίς τε θεοῦ, φησίν, καὶ σκώληξ, ᾗ γράφει· «ἡ κάμπη, ἡ δύναμίς μου, ἡ μεγάλη,» καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ δέ· «αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται.» 3.24 καὶ τοῦτο μὲν φημὶ δὲ τὸ μὴ προσέχειν ὁμωνυμίαις καὶ ὁμοιολεξίαις λόγον ἔχει ἐπὶ τοῖς ἑτεροειδέσιν καὶ ἑτεροουσίοις, οὐ μέντοι ἐπὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος καὶ ἐκείνου, οὗ πνεῦμά ἐστιν, ἔτι μὴν καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ. προστιθεῖσα γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ τὴν ἀπὸ ἑαυτῆς ἀσφάλειαν ταῖς ὁμωνυμίαις ἢ συνωνυμίαις συμφράζει τὴν «μοῦ» ἢ «σοῦ» συλλαβὴν ἢ τὴν «ἅγιος» ἢ «ἀγαθὸς» λέξιν· τουτέστιν, ἢ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λέγει· «τὸ πνεῦμά μου,» ἢ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ∆αυὶδ καὶ ἡμῶν· «τὸ πνεῦμά σου τὸ ἀγαθὸν ὁδηγήσει με.» 3.25 πείθεσθαι οὖν δεῖ οἷς πολλῷ λυσιτελέστερον, ταῖς μνημονευθείσαις γραφικαῖς μαρτυρίαις λέγω, καὶ εἰδέναι ὡς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τὴν ὁμωνυμίαν ἢ συνωνυμίαν καὶ τὰς ὁμοιολεξίας πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἔχει καὶ τὸν μονογενῆ αὐτοῦ υἱόν, τοὺς τοῖς ὁμοίοις ὀνόμασιν ὑμνηθέντας, οὐ πρὸς τὰ κτίσματα διὰ τὴν εὑρισκομένην ἔσθ' ὅτε ἐν ἐκείνοις ὁμωνυμίαν. 3.26 ταῦτα γὰρ εἰ καὶ δοίημεν ὀνόματί τινι ἢ λέξει θεῷ κοινωνεῖν, ἀλλ' οὐκ οὐσίᾳ οὐδὲ ἐνεργείᾳ δυνάμεως καὶ ἁγιασμοῦ. οὐδὲ γὰρ φύσει ταῦτα καθάπαξ ὑπάρχουσιν· κατὰ σύγκρισιν δὲ τοῦ κακοῦ τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ τοῦ ἁμαρτήματος ἤγουν τοῦ πάθους τὸ ἅγιον τέτακται· τὸ γὰρ μὴ λίαν κακὸν καὶ ἁμαρτωλόν ἤγουν ἐμπαθές ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἅγιον ἐνθάδε προσείρηται. 3.27 ὡς γὰρ κακία 48 καὶ ἁμαρτία ἤγουν πάθος καὶ ἀδυναμία ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι οὐχ εὑρίσκεται, ἅτε ἀγενήτῳ· οὕτως ἐν οὐδενὶ τῶν γενητῶν τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἅγιον καὶ δυνατὸν κατὰ τὸ τέλειον, ἀλλὰ κατὰ μετουσίαν· ὅπου δὲ οὐδαμοῦ ταῦτα κατὰ τὸ τέλειον, οὐδαμοῦ τὸ ἀγένητον. 3.28 ἔνθα γὰρ σκότος, οὐδαμοῦ τὸ φῶς· καὶ «ὅπου νύξ, οὐχ ἡμέρα. ὅθεν» εἴρηται καὶ τῷ Ἑρμῇ τῷ ἐπίκλην Τρισμεγίστῳ «ἀδύνατον ἐν γενέσει εἶναι τἀγαθόν, ἐν μόνῳ δὲ τῷ ἀγενήτῳ. ὥσπερ δὲ μετουσία πάντων ἐστὶν τῇ ὕλῃ δεδομένη, οὕτω καὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ.» 3.29 ὅμοιον τοίνυν καὶ ἴσον τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ
The Distinction of the Holy Spirit from Angels§47
47Of the only-begotten deity: and from such a judgment it is shown that he himself exists by nature as holiness and goodness and power, being one out of the one. Since against their contention, neither the most good and merciful in nature shall the Son still be good; because 'one God' does not have a unified nature. Nor indeed shall the most philanthropic and entirely merciful Father and the Son possess the aforementioned names of deity; but rather through them they shall be demoted, as it is the custom to speak to heretics, to us who are homonymous. Be merciful, O Holy Trinity.
But the Son, he says, having been co-begotten, possesses goodness by nature, and all the other things that the Father has. But also the Holy Spirit, having proceeded together, is good by nature, and all the things the God Father has.
3.30 If, therefore, their discussion was about accidental or worldly matters, it would have been well for them to have need to weave certain myths, and with an Aristotelian-seeming skill and a technique in words, like Eunomius, to twist the matter and to overshadow the truth; 3.31 but now Paul teaches: 'unless you believe, you will not understand at all' (Luke 24:25), and: 'the wisdom of men is foolishness with God' (1 Cor 3:19). And the words concerning the glorious Spirit ought not to be made more wise than human reasoning. For reproach does not harm the Holy Spirit, nor furthermore from hearing do the insults and the mockeries of the heretics come, to whom the evil thought has fallen upon; but those using such things will suffer endlessly and will act similarly to those attempting to mock this light, which has its strength from the unapproachable light, and defile it with their words. 3.32 And it is necessary to believe that the teaching from the saints is able to impart more glory than that from men.
It is therefore fitting for us to take care not, through an excessive goodwill, to draw down the divine which is upon them into the results of creatures by sophistries regarding their own heresy, and through these to give birth to a love of destruction to the simpler and more ignorant, and to lead forward into a desire for greater sins.
4. Regarding those heretical ones saying: God is spirit; and how the Holy Spirit is spirit of the spirit? And again: the angels, therefore, they say, are not...
Are they from God and holy and spirits of God? But while they are being sent out, they are simple, direct, and perfect, yet they corrupt the choice of sacred words through ignorance, by which the Father God willed His Spirit to be arranged with Him, as the only-begotten Word, and His being removed from creation and exceeding all is secured, wherefore also He is thrice-sung, they say; how is the Spirit, the Holy Spirit, a Spirit?
For although this is written and shown; but the 'how' exceeds the knowledge of mind and word of us, and even of angels. For just as the God-Word was begotten from Him as a Father exists, so from Him and with Him the Holy Spirit was manifested; and in this especially His ungraspability is shown, in that what is appearing and being is impossible to be by Him through creation. For what is the difference between the uncaused and life-giving nature and the created and being-made-life-giving? Nor is it possible for the Spirit not to be consubstantial and equal to that from whom he is. Therefore he is also holy by nature.
The angels, he says, are they not from God and holy and spirits of God? They are from God, in that they have become under His command, as all things; but holy after being sanctified, like men; and spirits, insofar as they are incorporeal to us.
They are not called spirits of God or from God or proceeding from the Father or divine or spirits of truth or spirits of holiness; but ministering angels and heavenly bodies because they infinitely distance and subtilize themselves from the uncreated Spirit of God, according to the writer who is an experienced apostle: 'bodies on earth and bodies in heaven' (Col 1:2).
For just as the spirits of the winds are not according to them, neither are they according to the Holy Spirit of God. For they were created, but they did not proceed from the substance of God and Father; they do not regenerate us, they do not make us gods, they do not forgive sins, they do not give life, they do not create, they do not sanctify, they do not judge, but they also are judged. For 'you,' he says, 'shall also judge angels' (1 Cor 6:3).
Nor are the powers in them of the heavens. They are not in places, undefinable and immeasurable in intervals. For Gabriel speaking to Daniel, or announcing the Theotokos...
Greek · §47
τοῦ μονογενοῦς θεότητος· καὶ ἐκ τῆς τῶν τοιούτων δείκνυται κρίσεως, αὐτὸ τῇ φύσει ἁγιότης καὶ ἀγαθότης καὶ δύναμις ὑπάρχον, ἅτε ἓν ὂν ἐκ τοῦ ἑνός. ἐπεὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνων ἐρισχελίαν οὔτε ὁ ἀγαθώτατος καὶ ἵλεως τὴν φύσιν υἱὸς ἔτι ἀγαθὸς ἔσται· ἐπειδὴ μὴ συνηνωμένον ἔχει τὸ «εἷς θεός». οὔτε μὴν ὁ φιλανθρωπότατος καὶ ὅλος ἵλεως πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ἕξουσιν ἐπίσημα τὰ μνημονευθέντα ὀνόματα τῆς θεότητος· ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' αὐτῶν ὑποβιβασθήσονται οἷον, ὡς ἔθος λαλεῖν αἱρετικοῖς, εἰς τοὺς ὁμωνύμους ἡμᾶς. ἵλαθι δέ, ἁγία τριάς. –ἀλλ' ὁ υἱός, φησίν, συναπογεννηθεὶς ἔμφυτον ἔχει τὴν ἀγαθότητα, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ὅσα ὁ πατήρ. –ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα συνεκπορευθὲν κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶν ἀγαθόν, καὶ ὅσα ὁ θεὸς πατήρ. 3.30 εἰ μὲν οὖν περὶ τῶν τυχόντων ἢ βιωτικῶν πραγμάτων ἦν αὐτοῖς ἡ διάλεξις, καλῶς ἂν αὐτοῖς ἐσθότε χρεία ἐγίνετο συμπλάσσειν μύθους τινάς, καὶ Ἀριστοτελικῇ δῆθεν δεινότητι καὶ τῇ ἐν λόγοις τέχνῃ, ὡς Εὐνόμιος, περιστρέφειν τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ συσκιάζειν τὴν ἀλήθειαν· 3.31 νῦν δὲ διδάσκει Παῦλος· «ἐὰν μὴ πιστεύσητε, οὐδ' οὐ μὴ συνῆτε,» καί· «ἡ σοφία τῶν ἀνθρώπων μωρία παρὰ τῷ θεῷ.» καὶ οὐ χρὴ τὰ περὶ τοῦ ἐνδόξου πνεύματος λόγια τὰ μείζονα λογισμῶν ἀνθρωπίνων κατασοφίζεσθαι. οὐ γὰρ βλάπτει ψόγος τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, οὐδὲ περαιτέρω τῆς ἀκοῆς προέρχονται οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ καὶ τὰ σκώμματα τῶν αἱρετικῶν, οἷς ἐπῆλθε τὸ φαύλως φρονεῖν· ἀλλ' οἱ χρώμενοι τοιούτοις ἀπέραντα πονήσουσιν καὶ πράξουσιν παραπλήσιά πως τοῖς ἐπιχειροῦσιν ἀποσκώπτειν εἰς τοῦτο τὸ φῶς, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ ἀπροσίτου φωτὸς τὴν ἴσχυν ἔχον, καὶ μιαίνειν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτό. 3.32 πιστεύειν δὲ δεῖ τὴν ἐκ τῶν ἁγίων διδασκαλίαν τῆς παρ' ἀνθρώπων πλείονα δύνασθαι τὴν δόξαν ἐμποιεῖν. ἡμῖν τοίνυν ἁρμόζει ἐκείνοις ἐπιμέμφεσθαι τοῦ μὴ δι' ὑπερβολὴν εὐνοίας τῆς περὶ τὴν οἰκείαν αἵρεσιν καθέλκειν τό γε ἐπ' αὐτοῖς τὸ θεῖον εἰς τὰ τῶν κτισμάτων ἀποτελέσματα ταῖς σοφιστείαις, καὶ διὰ τούτων τίκτειν ἀπωλείας ἔρωτα τοῖς ἁπλουστέροις καὶ ἀπειροτέροις, καὶ προάγειν εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἁμαρτημάτων μειζόνων. 4.ν Περὶ τῶν λεγόντων αἱρετικῶν· πνεῦμα ὁ θεός· καὶ πῶς τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμά ἐστιν; καὶ πάλιν· οἱ ἄγγελοι οὖν, φασίν, οὐκ εἰσὶν ἀπὸ θεοῦ καὶ ἅγιοι καὶ πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ; 4.1 Ἀλλ' ἀποπεμπόμενοι μὲν τὰ ἁπλᾶ καὶ εὐθέα καὶ τέλεια καὶ ἀνεπιστημοσύνης ἀναπιμπλῶντες τῶν ἱερῶν λόγων τὴν προαίρεσιν, καθ' ἣν ἐθέλει ὁ θεὸς πατὴρ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ συντάττεσθαι αὐτῷ, ὡς τὸν μονογενῆ λόγον, καὶ τὸ ἐξῃρημένον αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς κτίσεως καὶ ὑπερέχον ἀσφαλίζεται, διὸ καὶ τρισαγιολογεῖται, φασίν· πῶς τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμά ἐστιν; 4.2 ὅτι δὲ τοῦτο γέγραπται, δέδεικται· τὸ δὲ πῶς, νοῦ καὶ λόγου τοῦ καθ' ἡμᾶς, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἀγγέλων γνώσεως ἐπέκεινα τυγχάνει. ὡς γὰρ πατρὸς ὑπάρχοντος αὐτοῦ, ἐγεννήθη ἐξ αὐτοῦ ὁ θεὸς λόγος· οὕτως ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ ἐξεφάνη τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα· δείκνυταί τε ἐν τούτῳ μάλιστα τὸ ἀκατάληπτον αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ τὸ φαινόμενον καὶ ὂν τῇ κτίσει ἀδύνατον εἶναι παρ' αὐτῷ δυνατόν. ἐπεὶ τίς ἡ διαφορὰ τῆς ἀναιτίου καὶ ζωοποιοῦ φύσεως καὶ τῆς δημιουργηθείσης καὶ ζωοποιουμένης; οὐκ ἐγχωρεῖ δὲ τὸ 49 πνεῦμα μὴ εἶναι ὁμοούσιον καὶ ἰσότιμον ἐκείνου, ἐξ οὗ ἐστιν. διόπερ ἐστὶν καὶ ἅγιον φυσικῶς. 4.3 οἱ οὖν ἄγγελοι, φησίν, οὐκ εἰσὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἅγιοι καὶ πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ; ἐκεῖνοί εἰσιν ἀπὸ θεοῦ, καθ' ὃ προστάξει αὐτοῦ γεγόνασιν, ὡς πάντα· ἅγιοι δὲ μετὰ τὸ ἁγιασθῆναι, ὡς οἱ ἄνθρωποι· πνεύματα δέ, καθὸ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀσώματοι· 4.4 οὐ κληθέντες πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ ἐκπορευόμενα παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἢ θεῖα ἢ πνεύματα ἀληθείας ἢ πνεύματα ἁγιοσύνης· ἀλλ' ἄγγελοι λειτουργοὶ καὶ σώματα οὐράνια διὰ τὸ ἀπείρως ἀπέχειν καὶ ὑφιζάνειν τοῦ ἀκτίστου πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ, κατὰ τὸν γράφοντα ἔμπειρον ἀπόστολον· «σώματα ἐπίγεια καὶ σώματα ἐπουράνια». 4.5 ὡς γὰρ οὐ κατ' αὐτοὺς τὰ πνεύματα τῶν ἀνέμων, οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ κατὰ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἐκτίσθησαν, οὐ μέντοι ἐξεπορεύθησαν ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρός· οὐκ ἀναγεννῶσιν ἡμᾶς, οὐ θεοποιοῦσιν, ἁμαρτίας οὐ συγχωροῦσιν, οὐ ζωοποιοῦσιν, οὐ δημιουργοῦσιν, οὐχ ἁγιάζουσιν, οὐ κρίνουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κρίνονται. «ὑμεῖς» γάρ, φησίν, «καὶ ἀγγέλους κρινεῖτε». 4.6 οὐδ' ἐν αὐτοῖς εἰσιν τῶν οὐρανῶν αἱ δυνάμεις. οὐ τόποις εἰσὶν ἀπερίγραφοι καὶ διαστήμασιν ἀμέτρητοι. ὁ γὰρ Γαβριὴλ λαλῶν τῷ ∆ανιήλ, ἢ εὐαγγελιζόμενος τὴν θεοτόκον
The Unvarying Illumination of Wisdom and the Nature of the Spirit§48
48by essence, as by thought
And to him in Spain, and in another place, having been granted by him a wisdom that is simple and without wavering until the end of the earth, he imparts it; not in one way now, only to suddenly appear in another, nor more to one and less to another, breathing upon them, but always shining similarly to each one both together and distinctly, just as the one who said: 'I am with you all the days until the completion of the age' (Matt 28:20).
Since they transfer to God and Father the theology lying with John where it is said: 'God is Spirit' (1 John 4:16), saying because it is written that he is Spirit, and also because it is written: 'The Spirit of our face is Christ Lord' (2 Cor 3:3);—will they then also count the Father and the Son as Spirit among the other functional spirits? If it is not so, then the Holy Spirit is not understood among the other spirits, for he is not an archangel. For Michael and Gabriel and those like them are archangels; and with them, even heretics would not say that the Holy Spirit of God is ranked. Wherefore then, do they examine where he is to be ranked, or among which creatures? For after God, we were not taught from the Scriptures another rational nature, nor of the many spirits and of bodies like us.
Still, they lead us sophistically from what is set forth: that the Father and the Son are 'true,' but the Spirit is written as 'truth,' as if this were different. But it is the same, as it has been shown by the first argument, and this does not differ from that.
Concerning those saying, 'Since the only-begotten is the Word of God, what shall we call the Spirit?' and concerning the testimony that the Son is only-begotten. The Holy Spirit is one and only; and again the Son is the Word; the Holy Spirit, the Word. And concerning comparison; and concerning the fact that there is no paradigm of the incomparable essence.
Toward these things, the most varied and manifold according to the word—I do not know, if not even according to opinion—but certainly that even this, the heretics of the stranger to us of the simpler and truer teaching, frequently turning over the same words, say: 'The God Word was called only-begotten, because the Holy Spirit is not from the subsistence of the Father. Since if he himself would not be called only-begotten, the...'
Greek · §48
παρθένον, οὐκ ἦν καὶ ἐν οὐρανῷ τῇ οὐσίᾳ, ὡς τῇ διανοίᾳ, ἀλλὰ τότε ἐπὶ γῆς διέτριβεν μόνον. οὐδὲ τοῖς αἰῶσίν εἰσιν ἀπερίληπτοι· «ὁ ποιῶν» γάρ, φησί, «τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πῦρ φλέγον.» 4.7 οὐχ ἕν τι τῶν γινομένων παρὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ λειτουργοῦσιν αὐτῷ, ὡς ἔδειξεν ὁ ἀρχάγγελος Γαβριήλ, διακονησάμενος πρὸς τὴν θεοτόκον Μαρίαν καὶ εἰπών· «πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐλεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ.» οὔτε οὖν ναὸς αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος, καθά ἐστιν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς υἱοῦ. οὐ συμπεριλαμβάνονται μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. οὐ μία τίς ἐστιν ὑπόστασις ἀγγελική, ἀλλὰ καὶ δυσαρίθμητος. 4.8 τὸ δὲ ὑπερπάμφαες ἅγιον πνεῦμα συμφυῶς καὶ ἑνοειδῶς ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρρήτου καὶ ὑπερουσίου καὶ προουσίου καὶ καθολικῆς καὶ ἀμόρφου προῆλθεν ἀχρόνως πατρικῆς ὑποστάσεως, καὶ προσηγόρευται θεῖον· ἕν τέ ἐστιν ἀπλήθυντον, ἀγαθόν, ἄφθονον, ἀπρόσιτον, ἀπερίγραφον πάσαις νοήσεσιν, ἀπειροδύναμον, ἀνέκλεκτον, μόνως ὑπάρχον· καὶ φύσει ἅγιόν τε καὶ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ οὐδὲν ὂν τῶν πάντων, ἀλλὰ θεὸς ἐν οὐρανῷ τε ὢν καὶ συνὼν ἡμῖν, αἴτιος πᾶσιν πάντων καλῶν· παρὼν μὲν τοῖς ὅλοις ἀύλως, ἀνειδέως, ἀμετασχηματίστως· 4.9 οὐκ ἐξιστάμενος δὲ τοῦ συνιδρῦσθαι ἀφράστως τῷ πατρί, καὶ ἐξαπλούμενος πάντη καὶ χωρῶν, καὶ ἐν ἅπασιν ἀμιγῶς κατοικῶν· καὶ ταῖς ἐννοίαις ἡμῶν τε καὶ τῶν ἡμῖν ἀοράτων ἐμβατεύων, καὶ ἀκριβῶν ἅπαντα, καίτοι πάντα εἰδώς· καὶ ἀφώνως ἐνηχῶν, καὶ ψυχῶν ἐπακούων ἔνδοθεν σιγῇ κραζουσῶν, καὶ πάσας ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἰκτείρων ἀμελλητί, καὶ ἐπιρωννύων, καὶ εὐφροσύνην ἄφατον ταῖς ἑκασταχοῦ φύσεσιν ἐνδιδούς· περιέχων τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς τὴν σύστασιν, καὶ πάντα ἔχων ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ· καὶ θεσπεσίῳ φωτίζων φωτὶ καὶ εὐεργετῶν τῇ ἀπλέτῳ αὐτοῦ ἐνεργείᾳ καὶ ἀγαθότητι· 4.10 τὰ μὲν ἀμείνω τὴν γνώμην ἐπὶ τελειότερον ἄγων σκοπόν, τὰ δὲ χείρω καὶ πλημμελῶς ἀναστρεφόμενα οὐκ ἀποστερῶν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ βασιλικῆς καὶ ὁμονοητικῆς καὶ ἀμερίστου προστασίας, ἀλλ' ἐν ἐφέσει καθιστῶν αὐτὰ καὶ συννοίᾳ τῆς χορηγοῦ τῶν ὁλικῶν ἀγαθῶν ὁμοουσίου τριάδος· καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς καλλιεργοῦσι συλλαμβανόμενος, μετὰ τοῦ πάντων ἐξῃρημένος εἶναι οὕτως, ὅτι ἄλλῳ μὲν τῶν ἀποστόλων διάγοντι ἐν Ἰνδίᾳ, ἑτέρῳ δ' ἐν Σπανίᾳ ἄλλῳ δ' ἐν ἄλλῳ τόπῳ ἕως τῆς ἐσχατιᾶς τῆς γῆς παρ' αὐτοῦ νενεμημένῳ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ἀπλανοῦς καὶ ἀκιβδήλου μετεδίδου σοφίας· οὐ τῷδε μὲν νῦν, ἑτέρῳ δ' εἰςαῦθις παραγινόμενος, οὐδὲ τῷ μὲν μᾶλλον, τῷ δὲ ἔλαττον ἐπιπνέων, ἀλλ' ἅμα τε καὶ ἑκάστῳ ὁμοῦ καὶ διακεκριμένως ἀεὶ ὁμοίως ἐπιλάμπων, καθὰ καὶ ὁ εἰπὼν κύριος· «μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰ ῶνος.» 4.11 ἐπεὶ μή γε–ἐπειδὴ αὐτοὶ τὴν παρ' Ἰωάννῃ 50 κειμένην θεολογίαν περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος ἔνθα εἶπεν· «πνεῦμα ὁ θεός» μεταφέρουσιν εἰς τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα, λέγοντες διὰ τὸ εἶναι πνεῦμα αὐτὸν οὕτω γεγράφθαι, ἔτι δὲ ἐπειδὴ γέγραπται καί· «πνεῦμα τοῦ προσώπου ἡμῶν Χριστὸς κύριος·» – ἆρα καὶ τὸν παρέρα καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἅτε πνεῦμα τοῖς ἄλλοις συναριθμήσουσι λειτουργικοῖς πνεύμασιν; εἰ δὲ τοῦτο οὐχ οὕτως, οὐδὲ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα νοεῖται μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων πνευμάτων. ἀρχάγγελος γὰρ οὔκ ἐστιν. ὁ γὰρ Μιχαὴλ καὶ Γαβριὴλ καὶ οἱ κατ' αὐτούς εἰσιν ἀρχάγγελοι· μετ' ἐκείνους δὲ οὐδὲ αἱρετικοὶ εἴποιεν ἂν τετάχθαι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. 4.12 ποῦ οὖν λοιπὸν ἢ μετὰ ποίων κτισμάτων τάσσεσθαι δοκιμάζουσιν αὐτό; μετὰ γὰρ τὸν θεὸν φύσιν ἄλλην λογικὴν ἀπὸ γραφῶν οὐκ ἐδιδάχθημεν ἢ τῶν πολλῶν πνευμάτων καὶ καθ' ἡμᾶς σωμάτων. 4.13 ἔτι σοφιστικῶς ἐκ τῶν προκειμένων ἐπάγουσιν· ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς «ἀληθινός», τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα «ἀλήθεια» γέγραπται, ὡς ἀπᾴδοντος τούτου. ἔστιν δὲ ταὐτόν, καθὰ ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ δέδεικται λόγῳ, καὶ οὐ διαφέρει τοῦτο ἐκείνου. 5.ν Περὶ τῶν λεγόντων, ὅτι «μονογενοῦς ὄντος τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου, τί τὸ πνεῦμα καλέσομεν;» καὶ περὶ τοῦ μαρτυρεῖσθαι τὸν υἱὸν μονογενῆ. τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἓν καὶ μόνον· καὶ πάλιν τὸν υἱὸν λόγον· τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ῥῆμα. καὶ περὶ συγκρίσεως· καὶ περὶ τοῦ μὴ εἶναι παράδειγμα τοῦ ἀσυγκρίτου οὐσίας. 5.1 Πρὸς ταῦτα οἱ ποικιλώτατοι καὶ πολυτροπώτατοι κατὰ τὸν λόγον οὐκ οἶδα, εἰ μὴ καὶ κατὰ τὴν γνώμην, πάντως δὲ ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο οἱ τῆς ἁπλουστέρας καὶ ἀληθεστέρας διδασκαλίας ἀλλότριοι αἱρετικοὶ ἀναστρέφοντες πολλάκις τὰ αὐτὰ ῥήματα, φασίν· «μονογενὴς ἐκλήθη ὁ θεὸς λόγος, ἐπειδὴ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα οὐκ ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεώς ἐστιν τοῦ πατρός. ἐπεὶ εἰ αὐτὸς μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἐλέχθη μονογενής, τὸ δὲ
The Divinity of the Holy Spirit§49
49"the Holy Spirit was called his brother." They make themselves unlike one another, but the truth is toward them.
It is written that the Son is only-begotten, because he alone is begotten from the hypostasis of the Father and is not proceeding, as the Holy Spirit is; and so as to exclude the blasphemies of heretics saying he is a creature and a son, like us. And it is written that the Holy Spirit is one and only, because he alone proceeds uniformly from the hypostasis of God and Father and is not begotten, as the Son is; and so as to imply that he is not a creature, unlike other spirits.
For the one is not two, nor is the Spirit of the Father's essence foreign, nor is it separated from the union toward the one; nor does it have a connection to that one, or another more conjoined or closer to himself; nor is a number added to the unity of essence, nor is it arranged with those who were brought forth, those who happen to have brought forth all things with the Father and the Son. Therefore, the one Holy Spirit cannot be unlike the one Father or the one Son, nor like the multitude of spirits.
For just as there is one God, one Father, and one true Son, we are called gods and sons through his goodness and abundance—not being gods in truth—according to: 'I said: You are gods and all of you are sons of the Most High' (Psalm 82:6), so just as there is one and only Holy Spirit of truth, many spirits are called, not being in nature spirits of God.
Not seeing and considering how they might seem to be saying something that fits with the theologians, they do not hesitate to bring forward other harmful things. And may I, before hearing the whole word, be rebuked if not even one of them is found to harm their good. For he will find that they speak, acting contrary to the opinion of the divinely inspired men, who had the distinction regarding this matter from God by way of a gift. For they say: if God the Holy...
A Spirit is either Father or Son; if it is none of these, it is not God, just as other spirits are not. Therefore, we must answer them thus: just as the Father is God not because he is a father, but because of his divine nature, and the Son is not because he is an accidental son, but because he is the Son of God the Word and necessarily exists by his divine nature, so also the Holy Spirit is God, not simply because he is a spirit, but because he is the one and only Holy Spirit of God and exists by his divine nature, as was foreordained.
And just as hearing 'one is God' (Deut 6:4) and 'you shall worship the Lord your God and him alone' (Deut 6:13), we believe and worship and adore the only-begotten Word to be God equal to the Father; and in the same way we hold regarding the Holy Spirit. For regarding Him, to whom we were commanded in the decree concerning the incorruptible baptism, from which the constitution of our whole life and religion is suspended, we were commanded to unite Him with the Father and the Son, and to worship and adore and honor Him together and to minister to Him. For this is the spiritual worship, as Paul wrote: 'that you present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy, pleasing to God, the spiritual worship' (Rom 12:1).
And in the same way that the Apostle, having prophesied that the Son alone is both wise and possesses immortality, we believe the Son likewise possesses immortality and is wise, being unchangeable in essence to the Father, and being His Word and eternal life, as it is written that they exist; so also regarding the Holy Spirit. For he does not have immortality and wisdom by grace or gift, like the ministering spirits, but has it by nature; for he is a Spirit of wisdom. For it has been written: 'No one knows the things of the only wise one, except his own Spirit' (1 Cor 2:11). For if he had granted these things to be so otherwise, they would strike at God.
Greek · §49
ἅγιον πνεῦμα προσηγορεύθη ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ.» 5.2 ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οὕτως καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἀνομοιούμενοι, ἡ δὲ ἀλήθεια πρὸς αὐτούς. μονογενὴς γέγραπται, διά τε τὸ μόνον γεννηθῆναι ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ πατρός, καὶ μὴ ἐκπορευθῆναι, ὡς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα· διά τε τὸ ἀποκλείεσθαι τὰς βλασφημίας αἱρετικῶν λεγόντων αὐτὸν κτίσμα καὶ υἱόν, ὥς ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς. καὶ τὸ ἅγιον δὲ πνεῦμα ἓν καὶ μόνον εἶναι γέγραπται, διά τε τὸ ἑνιαίως καὶ μόνως αὐτὸ ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς ἐκπορευθῆναι καὶ μὴ γεννηθῆναι, ὡς ὁ υἱός· διά τε τὸ μὴ κτίσμα, ὡς τὰ ἄλλα πνεύματα, ὑπονοεῖσθαι. 5.3 τὸ γὰρ ἓν οὐ δύο, οὔτε ἀλλότριόν ἐστι τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς οὐσίας πατρός, οὔτε διώρισται τῆς πρὸς τὸ ἓν ἑνώσεως· οὔτε πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ὕφεσιν ἔχει ἢ ἄλλον ἑαυτοῦ μᾶλλον συμφυέστερον ἢ ἀγχίθεον· οὔτ' ἀνέχεται ἢ ἀριθμὸς προσαγορεύεσθαι τῆς ἑνάδος οὐσίας ὂν ἢ τοῖς παρηγμένοις συντάττεσθαι, τῶν πάντα παραγαγόντων σὺν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ τυγχάνον. οὐ δύναται οὖν τὸ ἓν ἅγιον πνεῦμα οὔτε τῷ ἑνὶ πατρὶ ἢ τῷ ἑνὶ υἱῷ εἶναι ἀνόμοιον, οὔτε τῷ πλήθει τῶν πνευμάτων ὅμοιον. 5.4 καθάπερ γὰρ ἑνὸς ὄντος θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς καὶ ἑνὸς υἱοῦ ἀληθινοῦ πάντες οἱ κατ' εἰκόνα δι' ἀγαθότητα καὶ ἀφθονίαν αὐτοῦ ἐκλήθημεν θεοὶ καὶ υἱοί, –οὐκ ὄντες τῇ ἀληθεῖᾳ–κατὰ τό· «ἐγὼ εἶπα· θεοί ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ὑψίστου πάντες·» οὕτως ἑνὸς καὶ μόνου ὄντος ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀληθείας, πολλὰ πνεύματα λέγεται, οὐκ ὄντα τῇ φύσει πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ. 5.5 οὐ βλέποντες καὶ ἀνασκεπτόμενοι, ὅπως ἂν τοῖς θεολόγοις φαίνοιντο συμβαῖνόν τι λέγοντες, οὐκ ὀκνοῦσι καὶ ἄλλα ἐπιφέρειν βλαβερά. καὶ μοί, πρὶν ἅπαντος ἀκοῦσαι τοῦ λόγου, μέμψηται μηδὲ εἷς, εἰ βλάβην τὰ ἐκείνων καλῶ. εὑρήσει γάρ, ὅτι φθέγγονται, ἄντικρυς ἀντιπράττοντες τῇ γνώμῃ τῶν θεηγόρων ἀνδρῶν, οἳ τὸ περὶ τοῦτο διαπρέπειν εἶχον παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν δωρεᾶς μέρει. λέγουσι γάρ· εἰ θεὸς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἢ πατὴρ ἢ υἱός ἐστιν· μὴ ὂν δὲ τούτων μηδέν, οὔκ ἐστι θεός, ὡς οὐδὲ τὰ ἄλλα πνεύματα. 5.6 ἀπαντητέον τοίνυν αὐτοῖς 51 οὑτωσί, ὥσπερ θεὸς ὁ πατὴρ οὐ διὰ τὸ εἶναι πατέρα, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ εἶναι θείας φύσεως, καὶ ὁ υἱὸς οὐ διὰ τὸ εἶναι τοῦ τυχόντος υἱόν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι υἱὸν λόγον καὶ ἀναγκαίως τῆς αὐτοῦ θείας φύσεως ὑπάρχειν, οὕτως καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα θεὸς οὐ διὰ τὸ ἁπλῶς εἶναι πνεῦμα, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι ἓν καὶ μόνον πνεῦμα ἅγιον, καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ θείας φύσεως καθεστάναι, ὡς προελέχθη. καὶ ὥσπερ ἀκούσαντες· «εἷς ὁ θεός» καί· «κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ σου προσκυνήσεις, καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις·» ἐξ ἴσου τῷ πατρὶ θεόν τε εἶναι τὸν μονογενῆ λόγον πιστεύομεν καὶ προσκυνοῦμεν καὶ λατρεύομεν αὐτῷ· τὸν ἴσον τρόπον καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος διακείμεθα. 5.7 αὐτῷ γάρ, ᾧ προσετάχθημεν ἐν τῷ περὶ τοῦ ἀφθάρτου βαπτίσματος δοθέντι ὅρῳ, ἐξ οὗ ἤρτηται ἡ τῆς πάσης ἡμῶν πολιτείας καὶ θρησκείας κατάστασις, συντάττειν αὐτὸ τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ προσετάχθημεν καὶ συμπροσκυνεῖν καὶ συνδοξάζειν αὐτὸ καὶ λειτουργεῖν αὐτῷ. αὕτη γάρ ἐστιν ἡ λογικὴ λατρεία, ἢν ἔγραψεν Παῦλος τοιῶσδε· «ἵνα παραστήσητε τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν, ἁγίαν, εὐ άρεστον τῷ θεῷ τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν.» 5.8 καὶ ὃν τρόπον, τοῦ ἀποστόλου τὸν θεὸν μόνον σοφόν τε καὶ ἔχειν ἀθανασίαν χρησμῳδήσαντος, πιστεύομεν καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ὁμοίως ἔχειν ἀθανασίαν καὶ εἶναι σοφόν, ἅτε ἀπαράλλακτον κατ' οὐσίαν ὄντα τῷ πατρὶ καὶ λόγον αὐτοῦ καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ὡς γράφει, ὑπάρχοντα· οὕτως καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. οὐ γὰρ κατὰ χάριν ἤτοι δόσιν ἔχει ἀθανασίαν καὶ σοφίαν, ὁμοίως τῶν λειτουργικῶν πνευμάτων, ἀλλὰ φύσει κέκτηται· πνεῦμα γὰρ σοφίας ἐστίν. τοιγαροῦν γέγραπται, ὡς· «οὐδεὶς γινώσκει τὰ τοῦ μόνου σοφοῦ, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ.» εἰ γὰρ δοίησαν μὴ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχειν, ἢ παρακρούσονται τὸν θεὸν
Analogies of the Spirit's Work and Relation§50
50the Word, or so they will think according to the Scriptures. For the Trinity is not composed of something within the one divinity, nor are the spirits called spirits, if we do not speak of profanities, nor are men called gods because they are called so; for we are not in truth. If they do not realize that these things contradict: 'only the wise God' and 'alone possessing immortality,' they will not be able to be made wise by anything from the opposite of the Holy Spirit.
For these things were thus spoken by Paul, because the Word of God is the Son, and the Holy Spirit is the Spirit, and he has it inseparably according to nature, and leads into one divinity, just as it is said by those outside: 'one God from whom all things came.' Just as Paul wrote to the Romans, Galatians, and Timothy concerning the Father: 'one God' (Rom 1:25; 1 Cor 8:6), so John said concerning the Son: 'the only begotten God, who is in the bosom of the Father' (John 1:18). And concerning the Holy Spirit, Paul taught the Corinthians: 'but to another the gifts of healings in the one Spirit' (1 Cor 12:9); for the oneness of the divine and the plurality of nature are His own. And just as it was written that the Son was begotten, and the witness says: 'I came forth from the Father' (John 16:28); so it was written, and the same said: 'the Spirit of truth, which proceeds from the Father' (John 15:26), meaning it issued forth.
And just as the Son, being God and Lord, is the Son of God and Lord, so the Holy Spirit, being God and Lord, is the Spirit of God and Lord. And in the way that it is written that the Son co-exists with the Father, the same way the Holy Spirit is written 'the word of God,' and 'the spirit of his mouth,' and 'the breath of the Pantokrator' (1 Cor 15:45), because having been co-substanced, he shone forth from him; so that no one might suppose that it is something from the outside of the divinity of the Father or of his Word. For the word of the Word and the word of the mind are His own; and this is fulfilled: 'the one God and Father of all, and over all, and through all, and in all' (Eph 4:6).
And just as the Son is shown to be distinct from the Father, as it is written: 'he who has seen me has seen the Father' (John 14:9); likewise also the Holy Spirit, through which it is said: 'in this we know that God is in us, from his Spirit, which he gave us' (1 John 4:13). It is therefore necessary, since the true God is the Father, that a true God be equal to him and—
the one showing himself by his own manifestation. 5.13 And just as all things came to be through the Son, so all things were sanctified and empowered by the Spirit. For the apostles say: 'Lord, the one who made heaven and earth and the sea and all things in them; the one through the Holy Spirit, and the mouth of David your child is an icon' (Acts 4:24). And just as the Only-begotten is equal in power and similar to the Father and an authority, it is shown according to: 'Whatever the Father does, these things the Son likewise does' (John 5:19); likewise also the Spirit of God according to: 'And all these things the one and the same Spirit works' (1 Cor 12:4).
5.14 And just as regarding himself the Christ said: 'No one has known the Father except the Son' (John 16:13), so also regarding the Holy Spirit it is said similarly, that: 'No one has known the things of God except the Spirit of God.' And in the manner that the Son was called the angelic one, 'messenger of great counsel' (Rom 8:16); so also regarding the Holy Spirit, for they say: 'But we received the Spirit of God, so that we might know the things granted to us by God.' 5.15 And similar to: 'Christ the firstfruits' (1 Cor 15:20), is the saying plainly: 'and having the firstfruits of the Spirit.' And equal to: 'And the Lord to sanctify you, so that you might be sincere and blameless for the day of redemption' (Eph 4:24), is: 'so that the offering of the Gentiles may become acceptable, sanctified in the Holy Spirit.' And balanced to say: 'The one who set me apart from my mother's womb, through his grace to reveal Christ in me' (Gal 1:15), is: 'God revealed through his Spirit.'
5.16 And equal to say: 'Test yourselves, whether Christ is in you' (2 Cor 13:5), is to say: 'But we did not receive a spirit of the world, but the Spirit of God.' And equal to: 'Do you not know that you are a temple of God, and the Spirit of God dwells in you?' (1 Cor 3:16), is that written by John: 'If we love one another, God remains in us. In this we know that we remain in him and he in us, through his own Spirit, which he gave to us' (1 John 4:13), and to: 'We shall come, I and the Father, and we will make a dwelling with him' (John 14:23). 5.17 And just as through the Father and the Son the Holy Spirit is given according to: 'I will pour out from my Spirit upon all flesh' (Joel 2:28) and according to: 'Receive the Holy Spirit' (Acts 1:8); so through the Holy Spirit the Christ, according to Paul writing to the Ephesians: 'so that he may give to you,'
Greek · §50
λόγον, ἢ παρὰ τὰς γραφὰς δόξουσιν ποιεῖν. 5.9 τῇ γὰρ ἐν μιᾷ θεότητι τριάδι οὐ συντάττεταί τι, οὔτε τὰ πνεύματα διὰ τὸ κεκλῆσθαι πνεύματα, κἂν μὴ τὰ βέβηλα εἴποιμεν, οὔτε οἱ ἄνθρωποι διὰ τὸ κεκλῆσθαι θεοί· οὐ γάρ ἐσμεν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ. εἰ δὲ οὐκ οἰηθῶσιν ἀντιπίπτειν αὐτοῖς τό· «μόνῳ σοφῷ θεῷ», καί· «μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν·» οὐ δυνήσονται ἀπ' οὐδενὸς ἐξ ἐναντίας τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος κατασοφίζεσθαι. ταῦτα γὰρ οὕτως ὑπὸ Παύλου ἐρρήθη, διὰ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγον μὲν τὸν υἱόν, πνεῦμα δὲ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τυγχάνειν, καὶ ἀχωρίστως αὐτοῦ ἔχειν κατὰ τὴν φύσιν, καὶ εἰς μίαν ἀνάγεσθαι θεότητα, ὡς καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἔξω λέγεται· εἷς θεὸς αὐτοπάτωρ, ἐξ οὗ τάδε πάντα γένοντο. 5.10 ὡς τοίνυν περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς Παῦλος Ῥωμαίοις, Γαλάταις καὶ Τιμοθέῳ γέγραφεν· «εἷς ὁ θεὸς,» οὕτω περὶ μὲν τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἰωάννης εἶπεν· «ὁ μονογενὴς θεός, ὁ ὢν ἐν τοῖς κόλποις τοῦ πατρός.» περὶ δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Παῦλος Κορινθίοις ἐδίδαξεν· «ἄλλῳ δὲ χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ πνεύματι·» τὸ γὰρ ἑνιαῖον τῆς θείας καὶ ἀπληθύντου φύσεως ἴδιον. καὶ καθὰ ἐγράφη, ὅτι ὁ υἱὸς ἐγεννήθη, καὶ μαρτυρῶν λέγει· «ἐγὼ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐξῆλθον·» οὕτως ἐγράφη, καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶπεν· «τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται,» ἤγουν ἐξεπορεύθη. 5.11 καὶ ὥσπερ ὁ υἱὸς θεὸς καὶ κύριος ὥν, τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου ἐστὶν υἱός· οὕτω τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, θεὸς καὶ κύριος ὥν, τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου ἐστὶν πνεῦμα. καὶ ὃν τρόπον λόγος γέγραπται ὁ υἱὸς διὰ τὸ συνυπάρχειν τῷ πατρί, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα γέγραπται «ῥῆμα τοῦ θεοῦ» καὶ «πνεῦμα τοῦ στόματος» αὐτοῦ καὶ «πνοὴ παντοκράτορος», ἐπειδὴ συνυφεστὼς ἐξέλαμψεν ἐξ αὐτοῦ· ἵνα μὴ ἔξωθεν αὐτὸ τῆς θεότητος τοῦ πατρὸς ἢ τοῦ λόγου αὐτοῦ εἶναί τις ὑπολάβῃ. ἴδιον γὰρ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ λόγου, καὶ ὁ λόγος τοῦ νοῦ· καὶ πληροῦται τό· «ὁ εἷς θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ πάντων, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων καὶ διὰ πάντων καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν.» 5.12 καὶ καθὰ ὁ υἱὸς δείκνυται ἀπαράλλακτος τοῦ πατρός, ᾖ γράφει· «ὁ ἑορακὼς ἐμὲ ἑόρακε τὸν πατέρα·» ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα δι' ὧν φάσκει· «ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν, ὅτι ἐν ἡμῖν ἐστιν ὁ θεός, ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ, οὗ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν.» ἀνάγκη οὖν πᾶσα, θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ ὄντος τοῦ πατρός, θεὸν ἀληθινὸν εἶναι ἴσον 52 αὐτῷ καὶ τὸν δεικνύντα αὐτὸν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἐμφανείᾳ. 5.13 καὶ ὥσπερ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ πάντα ἐγένετο, οὕτως ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος πάντα ἡγιάσθη καὶ ἐδυναμώθη. φασὶν γὰρ οἱ ἀπόστολοι· «δέσποτα, ὁ ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασ σαν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς· ὁ διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου, στόματος δὲ ∆αυὶδ παιδός σου εἰκών.» καὶ καθὰ ἰσοδύναμος καὶ ὅμοιος ὁ μονογενὴς τῷ πατρὶ καὶ ἐξουσιαστὴς σημαίνεται κατὰ τό· «ὅσα ἂν ποιῇ ὁ πατήρ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ» ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ κατὰ τό· «πάντα δὲ ταῦτα ἐνεργεῖ τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα.» 5.14 καὶ ὥσπερ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ εἶπεν ὁ Χριστός· «οὐδεὶς ἔγνω τὸν πατέρα, εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς,» οὕτω καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος τὸ ὅμοιον εἴρηται, ὅτι· «τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐδεὶς ἔγνω, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ.» καὶ ὃν τρόπον ὁ υἱὸς τὸ ἀγγελτικόν, «μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος» ἐκλήθη· οὕτω καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος· φησὶν γάρ· «ἀλλὰ ἐλάβομεν τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν.» 5.15 καὶ ὁμοιότατον τῷ· «ἀπαρχὴ Χριστός,» τὸ λέγον ῥητόν· «καὶ τὴν ἀπαρχὴν τοῦ πνεύματος ἔχοντες.» καὶ ἰσοπαλὲς τῷ· «ὁ δὲ κύριος ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς, ἵνα ἦτε εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως,» τό· «ἵνα γένηται ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν εὐπρόσδεκτος, ἡγιασμένη ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.» καὶ ἰσόρροπον τῷ εἰπεῖν· «ὁ ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου, διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ ἀποκαλύψαι ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν Χριστὸν αὐτοῦ,» τό· «ἀπεκάλυψεν ὁ θεὸς διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ.» 5.16 καὶ ἰσοδύναμον τῷ εἰπεῖν· «ἑαυτοὺς δοκιμάζετε, εἰ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν,» τὸ φάναι· «ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐ πνεῦμα τοῦ κόσμου ἐλάβομεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ.» καὶ ἴσον τό· «οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι ναὸς θεοῦ ἐστε, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν;» τῷ ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου γραφέντι· «ἐὰν ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους, ὁ θεὸς ἐν ὑμῖν μένει. ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν, ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ μένομεν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν ἡμῖν ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ, οὗ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν,» καὶ τῷ· «ἐλευσόμεθα ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατήρ, καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιήσομεν.» 5.17 καὶ ὥσπερ διὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα δίδοται κατὰ τό· «ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα» καὶ κατὰ τό· «λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον·» οὕτως διὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ὁ Χριστὸς κατὰ τὸν Παῦλον Ἐφεσίοις γράφοντα· «ἵνα δῷ ὑμῖν,
The Identity of the Spirit with Father and Son§51
51According to the wealth of his glory, he is to be strengthened in power through his Spirit, so that Christ may dwell in the inner man. We might have received in a similar and equal way: 'the word of the Lord came to this prophet' and 'the Lord said' and 'thus says the Lord of hosts', as that which was said by Peter in the Acts: 'it was necessary for the scripture to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit foretold' (Acts 28:25); and that which was said by Paul to the Jews in Rome: 'the Holy Spirit spoke well through the prophet Isaiah' (Rom 15:6); and that which says: 'the Spirit says plainly' and 'thus says the Lord of hosts'.
It is also of equal value to: 'the eternal God' which was proclaimed by Paul: 'who has presented himself through an eternal Spirit' (1 Tim 6:16). And it is comparative to: 'no one is able to receive the Holy Spirit except from the Lord' and to: 'receive the Holy Spirit' and to: 'no one is able to say Jesus Christ is Lord except in the Holy Spirit' (1 Cor 12:3).
It is the same as: 'to be led by the Holy Spirit into the truth', that is, to be led by the Holy Spirit into the true faith, by being led by the Lord Christ who ordains: 'baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit' (Matt 28:19). And it is of equal strength to the one saying explicitly: 'shall we provoke the Lord? shall we be stronger than he?' (Acts 20:27) and to the writing: 'do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption' (Eph 4:30). And it is analogous to: 'you shall send out your Spirit and they shall be created' and to: 'you shall send out your word, and it shall establish them'.
It is also similar to saying: 'the Lord testifies to my soul, that I do not lie' and the writing: 'the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about me' (John 16:13); and: 'the Spirit testifies about me in the city, saying'. And it is a representation of the one saying the lordly word: 'behold, I send you as sheep in the midst of wolves' (Matt 10:16), and: 'these then, having been sent out by the Holy Spirit, went down to Seleucia'. And it is equal to the writing: 'if you seek the testing of the Christ speaking in me', to the writing that: 'they were saying to Paul through the Spirit: do not go up to Jerusalem' (Acts 16:6). And it is kindred to: 'the Son is eternal life' which was said by him: 'the water, which I shall give' (John 4:14).
He will be in him a spring of water leaping into eternal life. This he was saying concerning the Holy Spirit, whom the believers were about to receive through him. And it is consistent with the saying, 'for we have become partakers of Christ,' which is: 'for it is impossible for those having been once enlightened and having tasted the gift, and having become partakers of the Holy Spirit.'
It is also very similar to what is said in the actions: 'tongues as of fire appeared to the apostles, dividing, and they sat upon each one, and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit,' and what was said by John: 'he will baptize you in the Holy Spirit and fire,' which is consistent with what Moses said: 'God is a consuming fire,' and what Isaiah said: 'behold, the Lord will come like fire.' And it is consistent with the statement: 'you were circumcised by a circumcision not made with hands, in the putting off of the flesh of sins in the circumcision of Christ,' with what is written: 'circumcision of the heart in the Spirit.'
And if it is fitting to say of God the voice of Peter: 'let each one repent from his wickedness and from the evil way and let him be baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus, and he will be saved,' then for God His Spirit is likewise unchanging, and from the one who is Lord to the disciples, saying to them by name: 'receive the promise of the Father, which you heard, that John indeed baptized with water for repentance, but you shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit.' For this signifies nothing other than what his other teaching concerning enlightenment signifies, namely that the Holy Spirit performs and is able to do the same things, which is the name of the Father and of His Son, as they possess the same divinity.
The preaching of the Son and of the Holy Spirit is also unchanging and equally valid, as Paul writes to the Romans: 'for if indeed the one coming preaches another Jesus whom we did not preach, or if you receive a different spirit, which you did not receive.' The same evidence is found in: 'for I do not dare to speak anything that Christ has not accomplished through me for the obedience of the Gentiles, in word and work, in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Spirit of God,' with: 'the Father who remains in me, He himself does the works. Believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me.' For observe that just as it is with the Father, so also the...
Greek · §51
κατὰ τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρω πον κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστόν.» 5.18 ἐκλάβοιμεν δ' ἂν ἐν ὁμοίῳ καὶ ἴσῳ τό· «ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρὸς τόνδε τὸν προφήτην» καὶ τό· «κύριος εἶπεν» καί· «τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ» τῷ ἐν ταῖς πράξεσιν ὑπὸ Πέτρου εἰρημένῳ· «ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν γραφήν, ἣν προεῖπεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον» καὶ τῷ ὑπὸ Παύλου ἐν Ῥώμῃ πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους· «καλῶς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐλάλησεν διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ προφή του» καὶ τῷ· «τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ῥητῶς λέγει» καί· «τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ». 5.19 ἰσότιμόν τε τῷ· «ὁ θεὸς αἰώνιος» τὸ ὑπὸ Παύλου κηρυχθέν· «ὃς ἑαυτὸν προσήνεγκεν διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου.» συγκριτικόν τε τῷ· «οὐδεὶς δύναται πνεῦμα ἅγιον λαβεῖν ἢ παρὰ κυρίου» καὶ τῷ· «λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον» τό· «οὐδεὶς δύναται εἰπεῖν κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, εἰ μὴ ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.» 5.20 ταὐτόν τέ ἐστιν τό· «ὁδηγεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν,» τουτέστιν τὸ ὁδηγεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος πρὸς τὴν ἀληθινὴν πίστιν, τῷ ὁδηγεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ δεσπότου Χριστοῦ θεσπίζοντος· «βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος.» καὶ ἰσοσθενὲς τῷ λέγοντι ῥητῷ· «μὴ παραζηλοῦμεν τὸν κύριον; μὴ ἰσχυρότεροι αὐτοῦ ἐσμεν;» τὸ γράφειν· «μὴ λυπεῖτε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως.» καὶ ὁμοιόλεκτον τῷ· «ἐξαποστελεῖς τὸ πνεῦμά σου καὶ κτισθήσονται» τό· «ἐξαποστελεῖς τὸν λόγον σου, καὶ τήξει αὐτά.» 5.21 ἰσάμιλλόν τε τῷ εἰπεῖν· «κύριος μαρτυρεῖ τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ, ὅτι οὐ ψεύδομαι» τὸ γράφειν· «τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται, ἐκεῖ νος μαρτυρήσει περὶ ἐμοῦ·» καί· 53 «τὸ πνεῦμα διαμαρτύρεταί με κατὰ πόλιν λέγον.» ἀπεικασμένον τε τῷ λέγοντι δεσποτικῷ ῥήματι· «ἰδοὺ ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς, ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων,» τό· «οὗτοι μὲν οὖν ἐκπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου, κατῆλθον εἰς Σελεύκειαν.» 5.22 καὶ ἴσον τὸ γράφειν· «εἰ δοκιμὴν ζητεῖτε τοῦ ἐν ἐμοῖ λαλοῦντος Χριστοῦ», τῷ γράφειν, ὅτι· «ἔλεγον τῷ Παύλῳ διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος· μὴ ἀνάβαινε εἰς Ἰερου σαλήμ.» συγγενές τε τῷ· «ὁ υἱὸς ζωὴ αἰώνιος» τὸ ὑπὸ αὐτοῦ λεχθέν· «τὸ ὕδωρ, ὃ ἐγὼ δώσω αὐτῷ, γενήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ πηγὴ ὕδατος ἁλλομένου εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον. τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, οὗ ἔμελλον λαμβάνειν οἱ πιστεύοντες εἰς αὐτόν,» καὶ τῷ· «μέτοχοι γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ γεγόναμεν» τό· «ἀδύνατον γὰρ τοὺς ἅπαξ φωτισθέντας γευσαμένους τε τῆς δωρεᾶς τοῦ ἐπουρανίου, καὶ μετόχους γενηθέντας πνεύματος ἁγίου.» 5.23 καὶ ἔοικεν σφόδρα τὸ ἐν ταῖς πράξεσι τοιῶσδε εἰρημένον· 5.23 «ὤφθησαν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις διαμεριζόμεναι γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός, καὶ ἐκάθισαν ἐφ' ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐπλήθησαν ἅπαντες πνεύματος ἁγίου», καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ Ἰωάννου λεχθέν· «αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί» τῷ χρησμῳδηθέντι ὑπὸ μὲν Μωυσέως· «ὁ θεὸς πῦρ καταναλίσκον·» ὑπὸ δὲ Ἠσαίου· «ἰδοὺ κύριος ὡς πῦρ ἥξει.» καὶ συνᾴδει τῷ φάναι· «περιετμήθητε περιτομῇ ἀχειροποιήτῳ, ἐν τῇ ἀπεκδύσει τοῦ σώ ματος τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἐν τῇ περιτομῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ» τὸ γεγράφθαι· «περιτομὴ καρδίας ἐν πνεύματι.» 5.24 καὶ εἰ ἐμπρέπει περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ λέγεσθαι τὴν Πέτρου φωνήν· «μετανοήσει ἕκαστος ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς πονηρᾶς καὶ βαπτισθήτω εἰς τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου Ἰησοῦ, καὶ σω θήσεται·» ἄρα τῷ θεῷ ἀπαράλλακτον τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τὸν δεσπότην τοῖς μαθηταῖς, αὐτοῖς ὀνόμασι φάναι· «ἀναμείνατε τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πατρός, ἣν ἠκούσατε, ὅτι Ἰω άννης μὲν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι εἰς μετάνοιαν, ὑμεῖς δὲ βαπτισθή σεσθε ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίου.» οὐδὲν γὰρ ἕτερον τοῦτο δηλοῖ, ἢ ὅπερ καὶ ἡ ἄλλη αὐτοῦ περὶ τὸ φώτισμα μυσταγωγία, ὅτι δὴ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐνεργεῖ καὶ δύναται τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἅπερ τοὔνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ, ἅτε τῆς αὐτῆς ὑπάρχον θεότητος. 5.25 ἀπαράλλακτόν τε τὸ κήρυγμα τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος καὶ ἐξ ἴσου σεπτόν, ᾗ Παῦλος Ῥωμαίοις γράφει· «εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἄλλον Ἰησοῦν κηρύσσει, ὃν οὐκ ἐκη ρύξαμεν, ἢ πνεῦμα ἕτερον λαμβάνετε, ὃ οὐκ ἐλάβετε.» τὴν αὐτὴν ἔνδειξιν ἔχει καὶ τό· «οὐ γὰρ τολμῶ τι λαλεῖν, ὧν οὐ κατειργάσατο Χριστὸς δι' ἐμοῦ εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ ἐν δυνάμει σημείων καὶ τερά των, ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος θεοῦ,» τῷ· «ὁ πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοὶ μένων, αὐτὸς ποιεῖ τὰ ἔργα. πιστεύετε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί.» 5.26 παρατήρει γάρ, ὅτιπερ ὡς ὁ πατήρ, οὕτως καὶ τὸ
The Word of God and the Nature of the Spirit§52
52His Spirit remains with the Christ, being inseparable from the divine nature; and the divine works are done in agreement by the ineffable Trinity; and just as the Father, being in his own subsistence, is represented in the Only-begotten because of the unchangeable nature of the deity, that is, the very essence; so too the Only-begotten is in the same manner in the one Holy Spirit.
And how many other things are brought forward concerning the divine Spirit that do not differ from what is written concerning God and the Father and his Only-begotten Son, from which some are contained in different places of this book, through which the course of the Logos came. 5.27 Since they will not yet say, having been questioned, that Eve is from Adam and the children from her; and how some were written as born, but she was neither a child of him, nor a sister of those born from oblivion; when it is not possible to show the unity and incomparable nature from a parable of creatures, the unseen remaining to the mind, but being endured by hearing and words. Even if a small thing, like a shadow of a likeness, should be found, one must flee from the more abundant, leaving the one who drives downward. For in no way can the example be one of identity; but it is only safe to say those things which the Scriptures have taught us according to our measures. 5.28 That therefore to be one and only Spirit of God the Father has been written, because it is separated in nature from the other spirits, but is joined to the Father and to his Son the Word of the essence; Paul is directed as writing to the Corinthians in the first epistle: 'but different gifts of healings in the one Spirit' (1 Cor 12:4); and again: 'but all these works the one and the same Spirit performs, dividing to each one individually as he wills' (1 Cor 12:11); and again: 'we were all made to drink of one Spirit' (1 Cor 12:13); and to the Ephesians: 'that through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father' (Eph 2:18); and again: 'endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit' (Eph 4:3); that is: to make much guarding so that it does not divide itself from the highest unity and self-sufficient essence. 5.29 That they are also called a word, they testify thus: Paul, writing to the Ephesians: 'having taken up the armor of God and the breastplate of righteousness and the shield of faith and the helmet of salvation and the ma-'
rejoicing in the Spirit, which is the word of God. Of which a certain sword Matthew also mentioned from the person of Christ, saying: 'I did not come to cast peace, but a sword' (Matt 10:34). Not a sword, he says, but the unsearchable wisdom of the Holy Spirit, which lies beyond the peace of the sanctified hearts. And toward the Hebrews: 'for he carries all things by the word of his power' (Heb 1:3). By what kind of word? David prophesied: 'By the word of the Lord the heavens were established, and by the spirit of his mouth all their strength' (Ps 33:6). And again Paul: 'for it is impossible for those having been once enlightened, having tasted the heavenly gift, and having become partakers of the Holy Spirit, and having tasted the good word of God' (Heb 6:4-5). Peter also: 'because all flesh is as grass, and all its glory as the flower of grass; the grass withered and the flower fell, and its beauty perished; but the word of God remains forever' (1 Pet 1:24). In the same manner concerning the Son, he sings in the Psalms: 'Forever, Lord, your word remains in heaven' (Ps 89:37). For many things regarding the most supreme and most divine Hypostases are handed down most mystically.
Regarding all that is proper to the Divinity, testimony is given concerning the Holy Spirit thus: Then therefore they testify concerning the pure and ineffable nature of the Holy Spirit, just as concerning God who exercises authority over all, and Father, and the Son who is over all and Lord of all, because he does not have heterousia, nor is he lesser in power and glory. And nothing of these is found to exist of itself from nothing to any creature. For what he does have, he has through the zeal of the Triad in one Divinity; and each has always been such that it is possible to know from what it is, what it is and what it is not, whether it be God or a creature. For example: that it is not a creature first, according to the heretics, but God; for the first creature turns out to be Satan. Creation has being, but is not the beginning. And this was shown in Job, and what kind of thing it is in logical terms: first, a poem. For he says the devil is one who deceives nature in manner. And that the Holy Spirit is a creature, as 'the breath of the Pantokrator,' or that he is entirely a beginning, has not been written at all. For a creation could not pre-exist the creative Spirit, and such a thing...
Greek · §52
πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ παρὰ τῷ Χριστῷ μένει, ἀχώριστον ὂν τῇ θείᾳ φύσει· καὶ ὅτι τὰ θεϊκὰ ἔργα ὑπὸ τῆς ἀρρήτου τριάδος ὁμοφρόνως γίνεται· καὶ καθὰ ὁ πατὴρ ἐν ἰδίᾳ ὑποστάσει ὢν ἐξεικονίζεται ἐν τῷ μονογενεῖ, διὰ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον τῆς θεότητος, τουτέστιν τῆς οὐσίας· τὸν ἴσον τρόπον καὶ ὁ μονογενὴς ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι. πόσα δὲ ἄλλα ἐμφέρεται περὶ τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος οὐ διαφέροντα πρὸς τὰ γεγραμμένα περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ υἱοῦ, ἐξ ὧν τινα διαφόροις τόποις τοῦδε περιέχεται τοῦ βιβλίου, δι' ὧν ἦλθεν ὁ τοῦ λόγου δρόμος. 5.27 ἐπεὶ μή γ' ἔτι ἐροῦσιν ἀντερωτηθέντες, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἡ Εὔα καὶ οἱ ἐξ αὐτῆς παῖδες; καὶ πῶς οἱ μὲν ἐγράφησαν γεννηθέντες, ἡ δὲ οὔτ' αὐτοῦ παῖς, οὔτ' ἀδελφὴ τῶν τεχθέντων ἐκ λήθη; ὁπότε οὐ δυνατὸν παραδειχθῆναι ἐκ παραβολῆς κτισμάτων τὴν μονάδα καὶ ἀσύγκριτον φύσιν, τὴν ἀθέατον μένουσαν τῷ νῷ, ἀκοῇ δὲ καὶ ῥήμασιν οὔτε προοισθῆναι ἀνεχομένην. κἂν γὰρ μικρά τις ὡσεὶ σκιὰ ὁμοιώσεως οἱονείπως. εὑρεθῇ, φεύγει τὸ πλέον ἀφὲν τὸν παρεκβάλλοντα κάτω που. οὐδαμῶς γὰρ τὸ παράδειγμα ταυτότης εἶναι δύναται· ἐκεῖνα δὲ μόνον λέγειν ἀσφαλές, ἅπερ πρὸς τὰ μέτρα ἡμῶν ἐδίδαξαν αἱ γραφαί. 5.28 ὅτι οὖν ἓν καὶ μόνον εἶναι πνεῦμα τοῦ 54 θεοῦ πατρὸς γέγραπται, διὰ τὸ κεχωρίσθαι μὲν τῇ φύσει τῶν ἄλλων πνευμάτων, συνῆφθαι δὲ τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ τῷ λόγῳ τῆς οὐσίας, Παῦλος ὑφηγεῖται γράφων πρὸς μὲν Κορινθίους ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «ἄλλῳ δὲ χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ πνεύματι·» καὶ πάλιν· «πάντα δὲ ταῦτα ἐνεργεῖ τὸ ἓν καὶ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα, διαιροῦν ἰδίᾳ ἑκάστῳ, καθὼς βούλεται,» καὶ πάλιν· «πάντες ἓν πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν·» πρὸς δὲ Ἐφεσίους· «ὅτι δι' αὐτοῦ ἔχομεν τὴν προσαγωγὴν οἱ ἀμφότεροι ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα·» καὶ πάλιν· «σπουδάζοντες τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ πνεύματος·» τουτέστιν· πολλὴν ποιεῖσθαι φυλακὴν τοῦ μὴ χωρίζειν αὐτὸ τῆς ἀνωτάτω ἑνάδος καὶ αὐτοτελοῦς οὐσίας. 5.29 ὅτι δὲ καὶ ῥῆμα ὠνόμασται, μαρτυροῦσιν οὑτωσί· Παῦλος γράφων πρὸς Ἐφεσίους μέν· «ἀναλαβόντες τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύ νης καὶ τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως καὶ τὴν περικεφαλαίαν τοῦ σω τηρίου καὶ τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ.» ἧς τινος μαχαίρας ἐμνημόνευσεν καὶ Ματθαῖος ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰπών· «οὐκ ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην, ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν·» οὐ ξίφος λέγων, ἀλλὰ τὴν εἰρήνης ἐπέκεινα τμητικὴν τῶν πεπωρωμένων καρδιῶν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀκατάλεκτον σοφίαν· πρὸς δὲ Ἑβραίους· «φέρων γὰρ τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ.» 5.30 ποίῳ δὲ ῥήματι; προεφήτευσεν ∆αυίδ· «τῷ λόγῳ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν·» καὶ πάλιν ὁ Παῦλος· «ἀδύνατον γὰρ τοὺς ἅπαξ φωτισθέντας γευσαμένους τε τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς ἐπουρανίου καὶ μετόχους γενηθέντας πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ καλὸν γευσαμένους θεοῦ ῥῆμα·» Πέτρος δέ· «διότι πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος καὶ πᾶσα δόξα αὐτῆς ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου· ἐξηράνθη ὁ χόρτος καὶ τὸ ἄνθος ἐξέπεσεν καὶ ἡ εὐπρέπεια αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο· τὸ δὲ ῥῆμα τοῦ θεοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα·» ὃν τρόπον περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ψάλλει ἐν ριηʹ· «εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, κύριε, ὁ λόγος σου διαμένει ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ.» πολλὰ γὰρ περὶ τῶν ἀκροτάτων καὶ θειοτάτων ὑποστάσεων μυστικώτατα παραδίδωσιν. 6.ν Περὶ τοῦ πάντα, ὅσα ἴδια θεότητος, μαρτυρεῖσθαι περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος οὕτως· Ἔπειτα οὖν χρησμῳδοῦσιν περὶ τῆς ἀκηράτου καὶ ἀφράστου φύσεως τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος οἷα περὶ τοῦ ὅλων κατεξουσιάζοντος θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ πάντων ἐπέκεινα καὶ πάντων κυρίου υἱοῦ, διὰ τὸ μὴ ἑτεροουσίως ἔχειν μηδὲ δυνάμει καὶ δόξῃ ἐλαττόνως. καὶ οὐδὲν εὑρίσκεται τούτων ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ὑπάρχον οὐδενὶ κτιστῷ. ὅπερ γὰρ καὶ ἔχει, φιλοτιμηθὲν παρὰ τῆς ἐν μιᾷ θεότητι τριάδος ἔχει· καὶ πέφυκεν ἕκαστον ἀεὶ ἀφ' ὧν ἐστιν ἐπιγινώσκεσθαι, τί τέ ἐστιν, καὶ τί μή ἐστιν, εἴτε θεὸς ἔφυ, εἴτε κτίσμα. οἷον· 6.1ν ὅτι οὐ κατὰ αἱρετικοὺς πρῶτον κτίσμα ἐστίν. ἀλλὰ θεός· τὸ γὰρ πρῶτον κτίσμα ὁ σατανᾶς τυγχάνει. ἡ κτίσις τὸ εἶναι ἔχει, οὐκ οὖσα τὴν ἀρχήν. ἐδείχθη δὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰὼβ καὶ ποῖον αὐτῆς ἐστιν ἐν λογικοῖς πρῶτον ποίημα· λέγει γὰρ τὸ ψευσάμενον τῷ τρόπῳ τὴν φύσιν διάβολον. τὸ δ' ἅγιον πνεῦμα ὡς «πνοὴ τοῦ παντοκράτορος» κτίσμα εἶναι ἢ ἀρχὴν ὅλως ἔχειν, οὐδαμῇ γέγραπται. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν προϋπῆρξεν τοῦ δημιουργικοῦ πνεύματος δημιούργημα, καὶ τοιοῦτο
The Omnipresence and Nature of the Spirit§53
53Having appeared from a private opinion to be unproven, ungracious, and reckless, neither the Scripture saying that the Divine Spirit is a beginning, nor the Scripture euphemistically calling it 'Spirit of God' and 'from God' and 'divine' and 'holy', nor the Scripture not distinguishing between the first and the second regarding the nature of the divine hypostases, what dispute remains concerning them being in the unbegotten one Godhead and equality? The opponent claims that it fills the inhabited world and pervades all things, and that nothing created fills the inhabited world or pervades all things, and it is found in all; but rather it is the limit of the noetic powers and a defined quantity; for only these are proper to the Godhead.
But the greatness of the Holy Spirit is indissoluble, infinite, and everywhere, and through all, and in all always; filling the world and pervading according to the Godhead, yet uncontainable according to the power, and measuring indeed, but not being measured. 'For God does not give the Spirit according to measure,' as the Savior says in John (cf. John 3:8); and according to Wisdom, having it: 'For you love all existing things, and you loathe nothing of what you have made; for you would not have fashioned something if you hated it. How then would anything remain, if you had not willed it or if it had not been preserved by you? And spare all things, for all things are yours, O life-loving Lord, and your incorruptible Spirit is in all' (Wisdom 11:24-26). From this we appropriately name God the Father of all, not being our father by nature, as the Only-Begotten is.
And again: 'The Spirit of the Lord has filled the inhabited world, and the one pervading all things has the voice of knowledge;' (cf. Ps 104:30) instead of saying that it has taken up the invisible and visible creation, the intelligible and sensible, and nothing of all things is without his eternal oversight; for this pervading of all things demonstrates it. And he says, it hearkens to the voice of all, as God always being in all and everywhere, and bringing every material disorder into the proper order, and being sparing toward those made by him.
And even while attending to it, since He Himself is providence and wisdom by nature, having been permeated through all things, just as the Father is. For who possesses such knowledge? Isaiah says thus: 'spirit of knowledge and reverence' (Isa 11:2), and David suggests: 'where shall I go from your face? and from your spirit where shall I flee?' (Ps 139:7). And the Lord, teaching that the divinity of the Holy Spirit is not circumscribed by place, but is simultaneously in heaven and upon the earth, always providing all sufficiency and providing to creation, said according to John: 'if you love me, keep my commandments; and I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Paraclete, so that the spirit of truth may be with you, which the world cannot receive, it neither sees it nor knows it; but you know it, because it remains with you, and in you it shall be' (John 14:15-21).
In order that it might become known, how such testimonies manifest one single infinite nature present everywhere; they delivered the same things concerning another unmixed subsistence: Jeremiah, explaining from God and the Father, says: 'I fill the heaven and the earth, says the Lord' (Jer 23:24); David, singing about the Son in the 40th Psalm: 'and of his greatness there is no end' (Ps 72:5); and Paul, preaching about the same: 'he is the one who descended and the one who ascended above all the heavens, in order to fill all things' (Eph 4:10).
6.3 That creation, though incorruptible, is not absolutely incorrupt; rather it receives corruption, the nourishment which we say, and change, as the prophecy says: 'the one doing all things and reshaping them.' The wise men from without, having heard this, say: 'dissolving things into themselves, and from them again growing.' For the incorporeal rational creation has corruption according to choice, since God alone has given it a permanent nature, and having established it unto the age, and unto the age of ages; but it, changing by its own choice, falls into a worse state, and to it...
Greek · §53
ἀδόκιμον, ἀχάριστον καὶ βέβηλον ἐξ οἰκείας γνώμης φανέν, γραφῆς δὲ μήτε λεγούσης εἶναι τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος ἀρχήν, «πνεῦμα δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ» καὶ «ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ» καὶ «θεῖον» καὶ «ἅγιον» εὐφημούσης αὐτό, μήτε δὲ ἀφοριζούσης ἐπὶ τῆς φύσεως τῶν θείων ὑποστάσεως τὸ πρώτιστα καὶ τὸ ἔπειτα, ποῖα περὶ τοῦ εἶναι αὐτὰς ἐν τῇ ἀγενήτῳ μιᾷ θεότητι καὶ ἰσοτιμίᾳ ὑπολείπεται ἀμφισβήτησις; 6.2ν ὅτι πληροῖ τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ συνέχει τὰ πάντα οὐδὲν κτιστὸν πληροῖ τὴν οἰκουμένην, ἢ συνέχει τὰ πάντα, καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν τυγχάνει· ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν νοερῶν δυνάμεων πέρας 55 ἐστίν, καὶ ὡρισμένη ποσότης· μόνως γὰρ ταῦτα τῆς θεότητος ἴδια. ἡ δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μεγαλοσύνη ἀδιάλυτος, ἀπέραντος καὶ πανταχοῦ καὶ διὰ πάντων καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν ἀεί ἐστιν· πληροῦσα μὲν τὸν κόσμον καὶ συνέχουσα κατὰ τὴν θεότητα, ἀχώρητος δὲ κατὰ τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ μετροῦσα μέν, οὐ μετρουμένη δέ. «οὐ γὰρ ἐκ μέτρου δίδωσιν ὁ θεὸς τὸ πνεῦμα,» ὡς ὁ σωτὴρ ἐν Ἰωάννῃ λέγει· καὶ κατὰ τὴν Σοφίαν, ἔχουσαν· «ἀγαπᾷς γὰρ τὰ ὄντα πάντα, καὶ οὐδὲν βδελύσσῃ, ὧν ἐποίησας· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν μισῶν τι κατεσκεύασας. πῶς δὲ ἔμεινεν ἄν τι, εἰ μὴ σὺ ἠθέλησας ἢ τὸ μὴ βληθὲν ὑπὸ σοῦ ἐτηρήθη; φείδῃ δὲ πάν των, ὅτι πάντα σά ἐστιν, δέσποτα φιλόψυχε, καὶ τὸ ἄφθαρτόν σου πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἐν πᾶσιν.» ἔνθεν καὶ πατέρα πάντων τὸν θεὸν εἰκότως ὀνομάζομεν, οὐκ ὄντα ἡμῶν φύσει πατέρα, ὡς ἔστιν τοῦ μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ. καὶ πάλιν· «πνεῦμα κυρίου πεπλήρωκεν τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ τὸ συνέχον τὰ πάντα γνῶσιν ἔχει φωνῆς·» ἀντὶ τοῦ περιέλαβεν τὴν ἀόρατον καὶ ὁρατὴν κτίσιν, τὴν νοητὴν καὶ αἰσθητήν, καὶ οὐδὲν τῶν πάντων ἐστὶν ἄμοιρον τῆς ἀιδίου ἐπιστασίας αὐτοῦ· τὸ γὰρ πάντα συνέχειν τοῦτο δηλοῖ. καὶ πάσης, φησίν, ἐπακούει φωνῆς, ὡς θεὸς ἐν πᾶσιν πανταχοῦ ἀεὶ τυγχάνων, καὶ πᾶσαν ὑλικὴν ἀναρμοστίαν εἰς τάξιν περιάγων τὴν πρέπουσαν, καὶ τῶν πρὸς αὐτοῦ ποιηθέντων φειδόμενός τε καὶ ἐπιμελούμενος, ἅτε αὐτὸς τὴν φύσιν πρόνοια ὑπάρχων καὶ σοφία, δι' ὅλων διαπεφοιτηκυῖα, ὡς ὁ πατήρ. τίς γὰρ ὁ τοιαύτην ἔχων γνῶσιν; Ἡσαῖάς τε λέγει οὕτως· «πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας,» καὶ ὁ ∆αυὶδ προσᾴδει· «ποῦ πορευθῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου σου; καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός σου ποῦ φύγω;» καὶ ὁ δεσπότης δὲ διδάσκων, ὡς ἡ θεότης τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος οὐ περιγράφεται τόπῳ, ἀλλ' ὁμοῦ ἐν οὐρανῷ τέ ἐστιν καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς, πᾶσαν αὐτάρκειαν παρασχόμενον ἀεὶ καὶ παρεχόμενον τῇ κτίσει, ἔφη παρ' Ἰωάννῃ· «ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτέ με, τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς ἐμὰς τηρήσατε· κἀγὼ ἐρω τήσω τὸν πατέρα, καὶ ἄλλον παράκλητον δώσει ὑμῖν, ἵνα ᾖ μεθ' ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν, οὐ θεωρεῖ αὐτὸ οὐδὲ γινώσκει αὐτό· ὑμεῖς δὲ γινώσκετε αὐτὸ, ὅτι παρ' ὑμῖν μένει, καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσται.» ἵνα δὲ γνώριμον γένηται, ὡς τῆς πανταχοῦ παρούσης μιᾶς ἀπείρου φύσεως καὶ αἱ τοιαίδε μαρτυρίαι ἀποφαίνουσιν αὐτό· τὰ ἴσα παρέδοσαν περὶ ἑκατέρας ἀκηράτου ὑποστάσεως, Ἰερεμίας μὲν ἐξηγούμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρός· «τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐγὼ πληρῶ, λέγει κύριος·» ∆αυὶδ δὲ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἐν ρμδʹ ψαλμῷ κελαδῶν· «καὶ τῆς μεγαλοσύνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν πέρας·» Παῦλος δὲ κηρύττων περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ· «ὁ καταβὰς αὐτός ἐστιν καὶ ὁ ἀναβὰς ὑπὲρ ἄνω πάντων τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἵνα πληρώσῃ τὰ πάντα.» 6.3ν ὅτι ἄφθαρτον ἡ κτίσις οὐκ ἄφθαρτος καθάπαξ ἐστίν· ἀλλὰ φθορὰν ἐπιδέχεται, τὴν τροφήν, ἥν φαμεν καὶ μεταβολήν, ὡς ἡ προφητεία λέγει· «ὁ ποιῶν πάντα καὶ μετασκευάζων αὐτά.» ἧς κατακούσαντες τῶν ἔξω σοφοί, φασίν· αὐτὰ λύων εἰς αὐτά, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν πάλιν αὔξων. ἡμὲν γὰρ ἀσώματος λογικὴ κτίσις τὴν κατὰ προαίρεσιν ἔχει φθοράν, τοῦ μὲν θεοῦ μόνιμον αὐτῇ φύσιν δεδωκότος, καὶ στήσαντος αὐτὴν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος· αὐτῆς δὲ αὐτοπροαιρέτως μεταβαλλομένης, καὶ εἰς χείρονα ἐκπιπτούσης λῆξιν, καὶ αὐτῷ
Corruption and the Immutability of the Spirit§54
54By this being corrupted, it is as if it were perishing, such as that which is called eternal losing out of itself, that is, being changed; it finds death, even if it remains otherwise, by its own alteration. For whatever you perceive to have happened later, this is the death of the former; it is like something such as evil happening, whereby goodness is killed by it, from which it departed, by the goodness; and the reverse, goodness by evil. For there is something which, though it must always stand by the first principle, even if it did not deny this to them, does not endure.
Indeed, Peter discusses these things in the epistles: 'If God did not spare the sinned angels, but cast them into Tartarus in chains of darkness, to be kept for judgment on the great day' (2 Peter 2:4), and 'he did not spare the ancient world' (2 Peter 2:5); and Jude: 'and angels who did not keep their own dominion, but left their own habitation, he has kept in chains of darkness under gloom to be judged on the great day' (Jude 1:6). And the rational material creation receives alteration: in one respect as Jude lost sanctification; and as Paul writes: 'the woman who lives in dissipation has been made dead, though she lives' (1 Timothy 5:5); even while enduring life in man. But in essence, it is as perishing first, and then falling into immortality. 'For it is necessary,' he says, 'that this corruptible put on incorruption, and this mortal put on immortality' (1 Corinthians 15:53). And the irrational creation undergoes a change and passes away: as it was foretold when light turns into darkness and water into blood: 'this is the alteration of the right hand of the Most High'; and elsewhere: 'the heaven,' he says, 'and the earth will pass away' (Matthew 24:35). For it was foretold that there would be new heavens and a new earth. For everything that received a beginning truly has also an end.
But the Holy Spirit, being of that unspeakable and all-prevailing eternal and incorruptible nature, and always having it in the same way and according to the same things; only as a mode and performing the things of God; and being a guardian of all, both the rational and perfecting the faith of the irrational, and of the irrational, until the condition of abiding in identity was given to the irrational; has been made unfit for a change of nature and a change of will, which is incorruptible. For the unshakeable is indeed incorruptible, and immediately it is without beginning, without end, and surpassing eternity. And the one without beginning:
self-acting God
Greek · §54
τούτῳ φθειρομένης, ὡς ἀπολλύειν οἷον ἐκ τούτου τὸ καλεῖσθαι αἰώνιος τὸ γὰρ ὁτιδήποτε ἐξερχόμενον ἑαυτοῦ, τουτέστιν ἀλλασσόμενον, θάνατον εὑρίσκει, κἂν ἄλλως διαμένει, τὴν ἰδίαν ἀλλοίωσιν. καὶ γὰρ ὅπερ ἂν νοήσαις γεγενῆσθαι ἔπειτα, τοῦτο θάνατος τοῦ προτέρου ἐστίν· οἷόν τι ἡ κακία γενομένη ἀγαθότης θανατοῦται αὐτῷ, ᾧ ἀπέστη, ὑπὸ τῆς ἀγαθότητος· καὶ τὸ ἔμπαλιν, ἡ ἀγαθότης ὑπὸ τῆς κακίας. ἔστιν γάρ τινα, ἅπερ ἀεὶ ἑστάναι τῷ πρώτῳ ὅρῳ, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἠρνήθη τοῦτο αὐτοῖς, οὐκ ἀνέχεται. τοιγαροῦν διαγορεύουσιν ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ταῦτα, Πέτρος μέν· «εἰ γὰρ ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων οὐκ ἐφείσατο ὁ θεός. ἀλλὰ σειραῖς ζόφου ταρταρώσας, εἰς κρίσιν μεγάλης ἡμέρας τετήρηκεν καὶ ἀρ χαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο·» Ἰούδας δέ· 56 «ἀγγέλους τὲ τοὺς μὴ τηρήσαντες τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν, ἀλλ' ἀπολι πόντας τὸ ἴδιον οἰκητήριον, δεσμοῖς ἀιδίοις εἰς κρίσιν μεγάλας ἡμέρας ὑπὸ ζόφον τετήρηκεν.» ἡ δὲ σωματικὴ λογικὴ κτίσις ἀλλοίωσιν δέχεται· κατὰ ἕξιν μὲν ὡς ὁ Ἰούδας τὸν ἁγιασμὸν ἀπολέσας· καὶ ὡς Παῦλος γράφει· «ἡ δὲ σπαταλῶσα χήρα, ζῶσα τέθνηκεν·» καίτοι βίον ἀνύουσα τὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἔτι· κατ' οὐσίαν δέ, ὡς ἀπολήγουσα μὲν πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ μεταπίπτουσα εἰς ἀθανασίαν. «δεῖ γάρ «φησίν,» τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀφθαρσίαν, καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσασθαι ἀθανασίαν.» ἡ δὲ μὴ λογικὴ κτίσις τροπὴν ὑπομένει καὶ ἀπογίνεται· ὡς ἡνίκα τοῦ φωτὸς εἰς σκότος καὶ τοῦ ὕδατος εἰς αἷμα μεταπίπτοντος, προεφητεύετο· «αὕτη ἡ ἀλλοίωσις τῆς δεξιᾶς τοῦ ὑψίστου·» καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ· «ὁ οὐρανός,» φησίν, «καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσεται.» προεφητεύθη γάρ, ὡς ἔσονται καινοὶ οὐρανοὶ καὶ καινὴ γῆ. καὶ γὰρ ἀληθῆ πᾶν τὸ δεξάμενον ἀρχήν, ἔχει καὶ τέλος. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἅτε τῆς ἀρρήτου καὶ πάντων ἐπικρατούσης αἰωνίου καὶ ἀφθάρτου φύσεως ὑπάρχον, καὶ ἀεὶ ὡσαύτως καὶ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἔχον· μόνον τε εἰδὸς καὶ ποιοῦν τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ· καὶ φρουρητικὸν πάντων ὂν τῶν τε λογικῶν καὶ τὴν πίστιν τελείων, τῶν τε μὴ λογικῶν, ἕως τοῦ δοθέντος τοῖς μὴ λογικοῖς ὅρου τῆς ἐν ταυτότητι διαμονῆς· φύσει καὶ προαιρέσει τροπῆς καὶ μεταβολῆς ἀνεπίδεκτον καθέστηκεν, ὅ ἐστιν ἄφθαρτον. τὸ δὲ ἄτρεπτον ἤγουν ἄφθαρτον, εὐθὺς ἄναρχον, ἀτελεύτητον καὶ ὑπεραιώνιόν ἐστιν. τὸ δὲ ἄναρχον· δημιουργὸς καὶ οὐ δημιούργημα. διὸ κυρίως λέγει ἡ μὲν Σοφία· «τὸ ἄφθαρτόν σου πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἐν πᾶσιν·» ὁ δὲ Πέτρος· «ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ πραέως καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος.» οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἴσος αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ καὶ ὅμοιος ἀεὶ ὑπάρχων, μήτ' ἔνδοσιν πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον, μήτ' ἐπίτασιν πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον δεχόμενος, ἤκουσεν ὑπὸ Ἰακώβου· «παρ' ᾧ οὐκ ἔνι παραλλαγὴ ἢ τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα·» καὶ παρὰ Παύλου· «ἀφθάρτῳ, ἀοράτῳ, μόνῳ σοφῷ θεῷ·» ὃν τρόπον καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ἐν ραʹ Ψαλμῷ ἐμαρτυρήθη· «σὺ δέ, κύριε, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μένεις,» καὶ πάλιν· «κατ' ἀρχὰς τὴν γῆν σύ, κύριε, ἐθεμελίωσας, καὶ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί. αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται, σὺ δὲ διαμένεις· καὶ πάντες ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται· καὶ ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον εἱλίξεις αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται· σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς ἀεὶ καὶ τὰ ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν.» 6.4ν ὅτι αἰώνιον ἡ κτίσις οὐ καθάπαξ καὶ αὐτοτελῶς τὸ αἰώνιον κέκτηται, πρῶτον μὲν ἐπειδὴ οἴκοθεν τοῦτο οὐκ ἔχει, ἀλλ' ἔτυχεν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἑξῆς, ἀφ' οὗ ἐγένετο, μεταδόσει τοῦ μόνως καὶ ὑπεραιωνίως ὄντος αὐτομάτου θεοῦ· ἀγαθὸς γὰρ ὢν οὗτος δημιουργεῖ καὶ τέλος· προιστάμενος τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ποιήσεως, φιλοτιμεῖται αὐτῇ αἰωνιότητα· δεύτερον δὲ διὰ τὰς ἐξηγηθείσας αἰτίας ἐν τῷ κεφαλαίῳ τῷ πρὸ τοῦδε. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὡς φύσει τὸ αἰώνιον ἔχον, καθὰ προσῆκεν ἔχειν δημιουργὸν καὶ ἀγαθὸν πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ πάντα ἐνεργοῦν αἰωνίως καὶ οὔποτε μὲν αὐτὸ περατούμενον, τῶν δ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γενομένων δυνάμενον εἶναι περατωτικόν, ταύτῃ ἀνευφημήθη τῇ προσρήσει. μάθοιτε δὲ ἄν, εἴ μοι ἐπίσποισθε, τῇδε· Παῦλος Ἑβραίοις ἐπιστέλλει οὕτως· «ὃς διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου ἑαυτὸν ἄμωμον προσήνεγκεν τῷ θεῷ.» λέγει δὲ τὸν δεσπότην Χριστόν, τὸν ἐν τῇ σεπτῇ ἐνανθρωπήσει αὐτοῦ ἑαυτὸν διὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀνθ' ἡμῶν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ πατρὶ προσενηνοχότα. καὶ Πέτρος δὲ προσηχεῖ ἀκόλουθα, ὡς ἤδη ἐμνημονεύθη· «τὸ δὲ ῥῆμα τοῦ θεοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.» ῥῆμα γὰρ θεοῦ ἐνταῦθα καλεῖ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. διὰ γοῦν τῆς θεότητος τὴν ταυτότητα μνημονεύων τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ὁ Παῦλος, τῇ αὐτῇ κέχρηται τοῦ ῥήματος εὐφημίᾳ· «ὁ θεός,» φησίν, «καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ οἶδεν, ὁ ὢν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας·» καὶ πάλιν· «Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ
The Error of Heretics Regarding Eternity and the Spirit§55
55Regarding the phrase 'unto the ages of ages.' It is not possible to hear it as it is, for those who are divided concerning the theologies of the Holy Spirit have determined this as a main point. For they lead themselves to the ends of the earth by presumption; and unmeasured passion does not usually testify accurately to an investigationvertheless, nothing prevents one from hearing that device of theirs. For if they could, they would make it even more widely known.
Thus it is here: if something is called 'eternal' by name, it is possible to call it God, but if it is merely 'everlasting,' it is the Creator of the ages. For it is written: 'God is the maker of times and ages' (Ps 90:2), and again: 'Of old God spoke in many ways and in many manners to the prophets, but at the end of the days He spoke to us in Son, whom He set as heir of all things, through whom also He made the ages' (Heb 1:1-2). For if everything called 'eternal' must be named God, there would be infinite gods. For it is written: 'Rise up, eternal gates' (Ps 24:7), and again: 'Everlasting years were remembered' (Ps 102:17), and again: 'Like everlasting sheep' (Isa 54:13), and: 'These shall rise to eternal punishment' (Matt 25:46), and elsewhere: 'Those in the dust of the earth shall rise, some to everlasting life, and others to everlasting shame' (John 5:29).
Is then both the punishment and the shame God? See how much absurdity and impiety the shared name of 'eternal' falls into; it leaps upon and is swept along by the meanings and words of those people; but this is dissolved by these things: regarding the eternal name, as we have just remembered, the others, whatever they may be, did not come from time alone; but they also have the corruption of the nature of opinion, and their 'everlastingness' is altogether unlike the divine eternity; just as the one called holy, angel, or man, is similarly and perhaps this is to the Holy of Holies Spirit; for in the whole, holiness and eternity exist.
Pay attention, then, to what great clamor the 'eternal' is raised concerning the Holy Spirit, and that this wonderful and most uncontainable thing has been applied to Him, I say that He who through the Holy Spirit made the ages brings Himself to His own true Father on our behalf. Let them also consider that all the powers of the heavens are in the Holy Spirit, certainly as a co-worker with the ungraspable Creator; and that,
The heretics, not at an opportune time but in confusion, mentioned the eternal gates and thresholds, having said these things as a summary of what was brought forward to us in words. Let the difference be clear to them between the unoriginated and unchangeable eternal, and that which is from time and subject to change, and let it be known that this is not brief, nor is it only another beauty regarding essence, but is altogether transformed. Let it also be known that the Holy Spirit holds the eternal judgment toward God the Father, who strengthens all things, and the Son, not toward creatures. Having released the inferior opinion, let them embrace the better; and let them marvel, instead of what they do now, at what is worthy of marveling; and let them practice a better time after these things, for there is no envy. And having made themselves victims of the arrogant reproach of those things, they have thereby brought forth the benefit of repentance.
For if this word, as something indicating the divine, was used concerning God the Father and the Son, perhaps it might similarly be applied to the Spirit of God. One thing is this: another is that nothing of those things of which they remembered the eternal was decreed as divine, or a Holy Spirit proceeding from God—that is, one thing, and not a plurality; nor is it arranged with the Father and the Son for divine initiation and divine gift, nor of any other, lest I say too much, it was unworthy of the honor belonging to divinity. Other things toward this: God and Father pleased through His Son, the Word, to have all things created. And what an insult, as they dream, to His all-holy Spirit, from not being created! For if, according to them, it is not inexpressibly a co-worker with the Creator as the Father is? But since all energy and gift, creative and good and perfect, belongs to His only-begotten Son, the Word, and to the one Holy Spirit, and is common to them, all things are led up to the One, from whom these blessed hypotheses appeared inexpressibly along with Him; these things a person, having made himself a quiet examiner, full of the reasonings of wisdom, which are mentioned in various places of this book and those before it, could easily learn. And Paul, who is greater than men, left this clearly confirmed to the Corinthians: 'But you were removed, but you were justified, but...'
Greek · §55
σήμερον· ὁ αὐτὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.» οὐκ ἔστιν δέ, οὐκ ἔστιν ἀκοῇ ἀκοῦσαι, ἅπερ καὶ εἰς τὸ κεφάλαιον τοῦτο ὡρίσαντο οἱ περὶ τὰς θεολογίας τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀποδιακείμενοι. ἀπάγουσι γὰρ εἰς ἔσχατα γῆς ἑαυτοὺς ἀπὸ προλήψεως· ἄκριτος δὲ 57 ἔρως οὐκ εἴωθεν ἀκριβῆ μαρτυρεῖν ἐξέτασιν· ὅμως οὐδὲν οἷον κωλύει αὐτῆς ἐκείνης τῆς πιθανουργίας ἀκοῦσαι. οὕτω γὰρ ἂν ἔτι πλέον καταγνωσθείησαν. ἔχει οὖν ὧδε· οὐκ εἴ τι αἰώνιον ὁμωνύμως προσηγόρευται, θεὸς δύναται λέγεσθαι, ἀλλ' εἴ τις θεός, αἰωνίων ποιητής. γέγραπται γάρ· «χρόνων καὶ αἰώνων ποιητὴς ὁ θεός·» καὶ πάλιν· «Πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως πάλαι ὁ θεὸς λαλήσας ἐν τοῖς προφή ταις, ἐπ' ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐλάλησεν ἡμῖν ἐν υἱῷ, ὃν ἔθετο κληρόνομον πάντων, δι' οὗ καὶ τοὺς αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν.» οὐ γὰρ εἴ τι αἰώνιον προσηγόρευται, θεὸς ὀφείλει ὀνομάζεσθαι· ἄπειροι θεοὶ ἔσονται. γέγραπται γάρ· «καὶ ἐπάρθητε, πύλαι αἰώνιοι,» καὶ πάλιν· «ἔτη αἰώνια ἐμνήσθησαν» καὶ αὖθις· «ὥσπερ πρόβατα αἰώνια,» καί· «ἀναστήσονται οὗτοι εἰς κόλασιν αἰώνιον.» καὶ ἑτέρωθι· «ἀναστήσονται οἱ ἐν χώματι γῆς, οἱ μὲν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον, οἱ δὲ εἰς αἰσχύνην αἰώνιον.» ἆρα οὖν καὶ ἡ κόλασις καὶ ἡ αἰσχύνη θεοί; ὁρᾶς, εἰς ὅσην ἀτοπίαν καὶ ἀσέβειαν ἡ κατὰ τὸ αἰώνιον ὁμωνυμία ἐκπίπτει, τοῖς μὲν οὖν ἐκείνων νοήμασι καὶ ῥήμασιν ἅλμη ἐπιπολάζει τε καὶ συμπέφυρται· ταύτην δὲ διαλύει τάδε· τοῦ αἰωνίου ὀνόματος ὡς ἄρτι ἐπεμνήσθημεν, τὰ ἄλλα κἂν ἔτυχεν, μόνον οὐκ ἀπὸ χρόνου ἔτυχεν· ἀλλὰ καὶ φθορὰν τὴν ἀπὸ γνώμης οἰκείας τροπὴν ἔχει, καὶ ἀνόμοιον παντάπασιν τῷ θείῳ αἰωνίῳ τὸ ἐκείνων αἰώνιόν ἐστιν· καθὰ οὐδὲ ὁ λεγόμενος ἅγιος, ἄγγελος ἢ ἄνθρωπος, ὁμοίως καὶ ἴσως τοῦτό ἐστιν τῷ ἁγίῳ τῶν ἁγίων πνεύματι· αὐτὸ γὰρ ἁγιότης καὶ αἰωνιότης τὸ πᾶν ὑπάρχει. πρόσχωσι τοίνυν, μετὰ ποίας μεγαλοφωνίας τὸ αἰώνιον ἐπὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀνείρηται, καὶ ὅτι τούτῳ τὸ θαυμαστὸν ἐκεῖνο καὶ πᾶσιν ἀχωρητότατον προσεπέθηκεν, φημὶ τὸ διὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος τὸν κατασκευάσαντα τοὺς αἰῶνας ἑαυτὸν προσαγαγεῖν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ ἀληθινῷ πατρὶ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. σκεψάσθωσαν δὲ καὶ ὅτι αἱ δυνάμεις πᾶσαι τῶν οὐρανῶν ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματί εἰσιν, πάντως ὅτι ὡς συνδημιουργῶ τοῦ ἀνεπιδεοῦς δημιουργοῦ· καὶ ὅτι, ὧν οὐκ εὐκαίρως, ἀλλ' ἐνδιασκεύως ἐμνημόνευσαν αἱρετικοὶ αἰωνίων πυλῶν καὶ προβάτων, τὸ τέλος τὰ εἰς τὸ κεφάλαιον τοῦτο προκομισθέντα πρὸς ἡμῶν λόγια προεῖπαν. καὶ ἔστω δῆλον αὐτοῖς τὸ διάφορον τοῦ τε ἀνάρχως καὶ ἀτρέπτως αἰωνίου τοῦ τε ἀπὸ χρόνου καὶ τρεπτοῦ, καὶ ὡς οὐ βραχὺ τοῦτο, οὐδὲ περὶ τὴν οὐσίαν καὶ ἄλλο κάλλος ἐστὶ μόνον, ἀλλὰ τὸ παντάπασιν ἐξηλλαγμένον. ἔστω δὲ γνώριμον καὶ τὸ, ὅτι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τὴν περὶ τὸ αἰώνιον κρίσιν πρὸς τὸν ἐνισχύσαντα τὰ σύμπαντα θεὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔχει, οὐ πρὸς τὰ κτίσματα· καὶ λύσαντες τὴν χείρω γνώμην, ἑλέσθωσαν τὴν βελτίονα· καὶ θαυμαζέτωσαν, ἀντὶ τῶν νῦν, ἃ θαυμάζειν ἄξιον· καὶ πραξάτωσαν βελτίω τὸν μετὰ ταῦτα χρόνον· φθόνος γὰρ οὐδείς· καὶ ἀφ' ὧν τὴν ἀλαζόνα μέμψιν ποιησάμενοι ἑαυτοὺς ἔβλαψαν, ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τὸ τῆς μεταμελείας ὄφελος ἀπενεγκάσθωσαν. εἰ γάρ, ὡς θεοπρεπές τι ἐνδεικνυμένη ἡ λέξις αὕτη ἐχρήσθη περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ, ἴσως καὶ ὁμοίως ἐκληφθείη ἂν περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ. ἓν μὲν δὴ τοῦτο· ἕτερον δέ, ὅτι οὐδὲν, ὧν ἐμνήσθησαν αἰωνίων, προσηγόρευται θεῖον, ἢ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκπορευθέν, ἤγουν ἕν τι, καὶ μὴ πλῆθος ὄν· οὐδὲ συντάττεται τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ εἰς θείαν μυσταγωγίαν καὶ θεϊκὴν δωρεάν, οὐδὲ ἄλλης τινός, ἵνα μὴ πολλὰ λέγω, θεότητι ἀνηκούσης τιμῆς ἠξίωται. ἄλλα πρὸς τούτοις· ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ εὐδόκησεν διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου πάντα δημιουργηθῆναι. καὶ ποία, ὡς ὀνειροπολοῦσιν, λοιδορία τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ τῷ παναγίῳ ἐκ τοῦ μὴ δημιουργῆσαι, εἴ γε ἄρα, κατ' αὐτοὺς, μὴ ἀρρήτως συνεργόν ἐστι τῷ δημιουργῷ ὡς ὁ πατήρ; ὅτι δὲ τοῦ μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ υἱοῦ λόγου καὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἁγίου πνεύματος πᾶσα ἐνέργεια καὶ δωρεά, δημιουργική τε, ἀγαθή τε καὶ τελεία, καὶ κοινὴ αὐτῶν ὑπάρχει, ἀνάγεται δὲ ὅλα εἰς τὸν ἕνα, ἐξ οὗ καὶ σὺν ᾧ ἀφράστως ἐξεφάνησαν αἱ μακαρίαι ὑποστάσεις αὗται ῥᾷστα ἂν καταμάθοι ὁ ἐξέτασίν τινα ἡσυχῖ ποιησάμενος τῶν σοφίας μεστῶν λογίων, τῶν τε ἐν διαφόροις τόποις τοῦδε τοῦ βιβλίου μνημονευθέντων, τῶν τε ἐν τῷ πρὸ αὐτοῦ. 58 καὶ Παῦλος δέ, ὁ κρείττων ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπους, ἀπέφηνεν τοῦτο φανερῶς διαβεβαιωσάμενος Κορινθίοις μέν· «ἀλλὰ ἀπελούσασθε, ἀλλὰ ἐδικαιώθητε, ἀλλὰ
The Nature of Creation and the Holy Spirit§56
56“You were baptized in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ and in the spirit of our God.” Therefore, look, look, how the name of the Son is entirely a divine name, and likewise that of the Holy Spirit; for one name has revealed both of them. And that the Holy Spirit, as if having gathered them ineffably from the beginning, now recreates. For to have loosed the old signified to be recreated. By this title: “having regenerated us through the bath of regeneration and the renewal of the Holy Spirit” (Titus 3:5). The Psalmist is no less worthy of being known regarding those already existing in generation who are now being created in the divine swimming pool spiritually. For he says: “A people being created praises the Lord” (Psalm 50:2).
Do not then the hypostases, which possess the same honor and energy, inherit the same nature, and do not differ from one another in deity and power, but alone are able to be infused, arranged, and everywhere co-thought with the One; who is both of them, not from where the hypostases are for both, but has from himself, uncountably, and equally and similarly, the hypostases united and continuous. Furthermore, regarding what has been said: every decree of these heretics is similarly, as also similarly-spoken, of their currently moving error of sophistry, as we shall learn soon from their own chapters. For if by chance they say a certain word, such as “eternal” or “good”, bringing a divine indication concerning the Trinity in unity, and fitting to it entirely and perfectly, it happened to be said concerning a creature, along with the due memory of the creature, they say nothing, for what do they have to say? Concerning God the Father and his Son; but they immediately and thoughtlessly bring the Holy Spirit down to the creature, not appropriately leading up to God and the Only-begotten, those who, being most harmonious with the Holy Spirit in the same and equal nature, have been unutterably described by the theologians. Therefore, only regarding those in the chapter in which we are proceeding, having been justified as unable to exceed, but sufficient for the whole struggle concerning the heretics: or let them show, which is very heavy to say, whether the beginning or the end of the Holy Spirit has perhaps been used; or entirely, that he had a certain way toward corruption, like the angelic and human choice; or let it be to them...
That which is called, 'an ox on the tongue.' I have said much regarding those things, but I will move to the initial hypothesis: that as it is unchangeable and incapable of virtue or vice, so the rational creation is capable of both virtue and vice, as we find in incorporeal beings—as we previously said, virtue is within the blessed angels, while vice is in the rejected ones; and in bodies, as we ourselves are.
But the divine Spirit, participating in virtue and glory, rather being the very source of the highest virtue, is incapable of either of these, just as neither the Father nor the Son is. And if it is incapable, it is also not of a different substance; for if it does everything the Father wills, it is not of a different substance. From this, therefore, it is gathered to know that it is not a creation, yet it stands in the same relation to God the Father, His Son, and the God who is from Him, from whom it naturally proceeded, as it is written: 'in us' (1 Cor 6:19).
That creation is sanctified and justified by Him who is the Holy God by nature; for it is capable of being sanctified and justified, not incapable. As for the Holy Spirit, since He is distinguished—being separate from creation but joined to that nature from which He proceeded, concerning which we have been initiated, saying: 'Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning' (James 1:17)—and since He cares for and provides for even the lowly: He sanctifies, justifies, and grants wisdom, and provides every kind of heavenly virtue; but He is by no means found to have a need to be sanctified, justified, or made wise by another, just as neither the self-existent Father nor His consubstantial Son is.
For this reason, it is rightly called both 'Holy' and 'Spirit of Holiness', instead of 'holy by nature and from himself'; and 'Divine Spirit', instead of 'God by nature'; and 'Breath of the Almighty', instead of 'consubstantial with the Almighty, breathed from His person'; so that He alone shows such a name, being consubstantial with God the Father, sanctifying, and not even being contained by the Word. For Paul is able to both speak and set forth the patterns of faith.
Greek · §56
ἡγιάσθητε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν.» ἄθρει οὖν, ἄθρει, ὡς εἰ θεϊκὸν ὄνομα, ὥσπερ οὖν θεϊκόν, τὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ, ἐξάπαντος καὶ τὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος· ἓν γὰρ ἀμφοῖν αὐτῶν ἐδήλωσεν ὄνομα. καὶ ὅτι, ὡς συγκτίσαν ἀρρήτως τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ νῦν ἀνακτίζει. τὸ γὰρ ἀπολούσασθαι, τὸ ἀνακτισθῆναι ἐσήμανεν. Τίτῳ δέ· «ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου.» οὐδὲν δὲ ἧττον καὶ ὁ ἱεροψάλτης τοὺς ἤδη ἐν γενέσει ὑπάρχοντας νῦν κτιζομένους ἐν τῇ θείᾳ κολυμβήθρᾳ πνευματικῶς ἀξιοῖ εἰδέναι. φησὶν γάρ· «λαὸς ὁ κτιζόμενος αἰνέσει τὸν κύριον.» οὔκουν αἱ τὴν αὐτὴν τιμὴν καὶ ἐνέργειαν ἔχουσαι ὑποστάσεις τὴν αὐτὴν ἐκληρώσαντο φύσιν, καὶ οὐδὲν θεότητι καὶ δυνάμει διαφέρουσιν ἀλλήλων, μόναι δὲ συμφύεσθαι καὶ συντάττεσθαι καὶ πανταχοῦ συνεπινοεῖσθαι δύνανται τῷ ἑνί· ὃς ἄμφω αὐτός, οὐχ ὧν αἱ ὑποστάσεις ἀμφοῖν, ἔχει ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ ἀνάρχως καὶ ἐξ ἴσου καὶ ὁμοίου καὶ ἀλέκτως ἡνωμένας καὶ συνεχεῖς τὰς ὑποστάσεις. ἔτι πρὸς τοῖς λεχθεῖσιν· πᾶν δικαίωμα τῶν αἱρετικῶν τούτων ὁμοιότροπον, ὥσπερ καὶ ὁμοιόλεκτόν ἐστι τῆς νῦν κινουμένης ἑώλου αὐτῶν σοφιστείας, ὡς μαθησόμεθα μετ' οὐ πολὺ τῇ πείρᾳ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν κεφαλαίων. εἰ γὰρ τυχὸν λέξιν τινά, ὡς τὴν «αἰώνιος» ἢ τὴν «ἀγαθός», θείαν ἔνδειξιν κομίζουσαν περὶ τῆς ἐν μονάδι τριάδος, καὶ αὐτῇ καθ' ὅλου καὶ τελείως προσήκουσαν, ἔτυχέν που εἰρῆσθαι περὶ κτίσματος, μετὰ τῆς ὀφειλομένης κτίσματι μνήμης, οὐδὲν μὲν λέγουσιν τί γὰρ καὶ εἰπεῖν ἔχουσιν; περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ· κατάγουσι δὲ εὐθὺς ἀφρονέστατα τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα εἰς τὴν κτίσιν, οὐκ ἀνάγουσι πρεπωδέστατα εἰς τὸν θεὸν καὶ τὸν μονογενῆ τοὺς ἐν ὁμοίῳ καὶ ἴσῳ τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι ἁρμοδιώτατα ὑπὸ τῶν θεολόγων ἀνευφημηθέντας. καὶ μόνων τοίνυν τῶν πρὸς ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ κεφαλαίῳ ᾧ μέτειμεν, δικαιολογηθέντων ὑπερβαθῆναι μὴ δυναμένων, ἀρκούντων δὲ εἰς ὅλον τὸν περὶ αἱρετικῶν ἀγῶνα· ἢ δειξάτωσαν ὃ καὶ λέγειν βαρὺ λίαν, ὡς ἀρχὴ ἢ πέρας τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος κεχρησμῴδηταί που· ἢ ὅλως, ὅτι ὁδόν τινα ἔσχεν ἐπὶ φθορὰν ὡς ἡ ἀγγελικὴ καὶ ἀνθρωπικὴ προαίρεσις· ἢ ἔστω αὐτοῖς, τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον, «βοῦς ἐπὶ γλῶσσαν». τοσαῦτα μὲν περὶ ἐκείνων ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑπόθεσιν μεταβήσομαι. 6.5ν ὅτι ὡς ἄτρεπτον ἀρετῆς τε κακίας τε ἀνεπίδεκτόν ἐστιν. ἡ κτίσις ἡ λογικὴ ἀρετῆς τε καὶ κακίας ἐστιν δεκτική, ὡς εὑρίσκομεν ἐν ἀσωμάτοις μέν, καθὰ προείπομεν, ἀρετῆς ἐντὸς τοὺς εὐδοκίμους ἀγγέλους, κακίας δὲ τοὺς ἐκριφέντας· ἐν δὲ σώμασιν, ὡς ἐσμὲν ἡμεῖς αὐτοί. τὸ δὲ θεϊκὸν πνεῦμα ὑπὲρ ἀρετὴν καὶ δόξαν τυγχάνον, μᾶλλον δ' αὐτὸ πηγάζον τὴν ἀκροτάτην ἀρετήν, οὐδενός ἐστι τούτων δεκτικόν, ὡς οὐδὲ ὁ πατὴρ οὐδ' ὁ υἱός. εἰ δὲ μὴ δεκτικόν, οὐδ' ἑτερόβουλον· εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ποιεῖ γὰρ πανθ' ὅσα θέλει ὁ πατήρ, οὐδ' ἑτεροούσιον. κἀντεῦθεν οὖν συνάγεται καὶ τό τε μὴ εἶναι αὐτὸ κτίσμα, ἀπαραλλάκτως δὲ ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἡμᾶς ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὸν θεόν, ἐξ οὗ φυσικῶς ἐξεπορεύθη, γινώσκειν, ὅτι καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ἐστιν ὡς γέγραπται. 6.6ν ὅτι φύσει ἅγιον καὶ ἁγιάζον καὶ δικαιοῦν ἡ κτίσις ἁγιάζεται καὶ δικαιοῦται ὑπὸ τοῦ τὴν φύσιν ἁγίου θεοῦ· δεκτικὴ γὰρ τοῦ ἁγιασθῆναι καὶ δικαιωθῆναι τυγχάνει, οὐ παρεκτική. τὸ δ' ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἐπείπερ διέστηκε· μὲν τῆς κτίσεως, συνῆπται δὲ τῇ φύσει ἐκείνῳ, ἐξ οὗ ἐκπεπόρευται περὶ οὗ καὶ ἐμυσταγωγήθημεν, ὡς· «πᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον ἄνωθέν ἐστι, κατα βαῖνον ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς τῶν φώτων, παρ' ᾧ οὐκ ἔστι παραλλαγὴ ἢ τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα». καὶ ἐπείπερ πάντων κήδεται καὶ προμηθεῖται καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν ὑπαιτίων· ἁγιάζει μὲν καὶ δικαιοῖ καὶ σοφίζει καὶ πᾶν εἶδος ἐπουρανίου ἀρετῆς παρέχει· αὐτὸ δὲ οὐδαμῶς εὑρίσκεται ἔχον ἐπιτηδειότητα τοῦ ἁγιάζεσθαι ἢ 59 δικαιοῦσθαι ἢ σοφίζεσθαι ὑφ' ἑτέρου καθὰ οὐδ' ὁ αὐτοφυὴς πατὴρ οὐδ' ὁ ὁμοφυὴς αὐτοῦ υἱός· ὡς καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὀρθῶς εὐφημεῖσθαι αὐτοάγιόν τε καὶ «πνεῦμα ἁγιοσύνης», ἀντὶ τοῦ, φύσει καὶ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ἅγιον· καὶ «πνεῦμα θεῖον», ἀντὶ τοῦ, φύσει θεός· καὶ «πνοὴ παντοκράτορος», ἀντὶ τοῦ, ὁμοούσιον τοῦ παντοκράτορος πνευσθὲν ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ· ὥστε καὶ μόνην μίαν τοιαύτην ὀνομασίαν δεικνύναι αὐτὸ ὁμοούσιόν τε τῷ θεῷ πατρὶ καὶ ἁγιαστικὸν καὶ μηδὲ λόγῳ χωρεῖσθαι. τοιγάρτοι ὁ δυνατὸς εἰπεῖν τε καὶ τύπους ἐκθέσθαι πίστεως Παῦλος
Divine Holiness and Justice§57
57He introduced, intending both this main point which we now proceed to, and also the great gifts and the participation in God the Father of the Holy Spirit in the rebirth in baptism. He also noted that the name 'God' is one and perhaps belongs to the Trinity; and likewise, being invoked, God the Father, God the Son, and God the Spirit always work equally. He discourses to the Corinthians, writing, 'But you were washed, but you were justified, but you were sanctified in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God' (1 Cor 6:11).
Therefore, those who participate in Him—that is, those deemed to be sanctified by Him and justified and made wise—are called 'partakers of the Holy Spirit' (Heb 3:6), as the same apostle teaches the Hebrews. And to the Ephesians he writes, 'in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise' (Eph 1:13). For it is clear that those being sealed, that is to say, being sanctified, participate, but are not participated in. For if the Holy Spirit or the Son had been a creature, where would the need be for the creature to sanctify and make the fullness, even though it had been acting without debt to God the Father?
Indeed, the creatures, knowing this anointing to be from the Creator, do not provide the sanctification from themselves, but say, 'May God sanctify you.' And I proceed to another consistent and strong right, by which even those who have studied will not be ashamed to do this. The Lord of all, having already arranged concerning God the Father and Himself, 'baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son' (Matt 28:19), did not simply lead up 'and of the Spirit,' but added 'the Holy.' So that he did not only mention Him once, but also established Him because of that being by nature what the single name signified, to which even the Spirit was associated; and likewise, because of that, the Holy Spirit is established, who is in divinity the Pa—
Even the Son is so described; what was reminded to him is, as the saying goes, evident even to a blind man. But this possesses a greater theology; so that the thing called divinity may be easily believed to be a property of God alone, and to be holy and just in nature, and moreover to sanctify and justify the creatures belonging to Him, similar to those things being praised concerning the Father, as when the Son himself says to John: 'Holy Father, keep them in your name,' (John 17:11) and again: 'Sanctify them in your truth; your word is truth,' (John 17:17) and again: 'Father, judge.' (John 17:26) And as when they prophesy, Ezekiel indeed: 'and they shall know that I am the Lord who sanctifies them,' (Ezekiel 36:23) but David in the 10th Psalm: 'The Lord is righteous, and he loved righteousness; his eyes saw uprightness,' (Psalm 33:5) and another: 'and all those led under your hands, and under you are.' And as when Paul writes to the Thessalonians: 'But the God of peace himself will sanctify you completely,' (1 Thess 5:23) to the Romans: 'God is the one who justifies; who is the one who condemns?' (Romans 3:24) and to the Hebrews: 'that the virgin may be holy in body and spirit,' (Hebrews 13:4) as if it were implying either that she is not holy in a local sense, or that she is to be sanctified in virtue. And he says here, the sixth thing 'spirit', and the practical energy 'body', according to Isaiah prophesying: 'and those wandering in spirit shall know by understanding;' (Isaiah 53:11) that is, those wandering by deed or by state.
But concerning the Son, as when he is euphemistically named: 'one holy, one Lord Jesus Christ,' and as the Acts discuss: 'they killed those who foretold the coming of the righteous' [about 60] and as Peter said: 'Christ, who died for sinners, a righteous one on behalf of the unrighteous.' (1 Peter 3:18) And from such sayings, therefore, it is necessary, if they wished to do righteous things, to be led to God by praising the Spirit; this they do not do, for they say that the angels were not sanctified, and yet they are holy.
Greek · §57
εἰσηγήσατο, προθέμενος ἅμα μὲν τοῦτο τὸ κεφάλαιον, ὃ νυνὶ μέτειμεν, ἅμα δὲ καὶ τῶν μεγαλοδωρεῶν καὶ τῆς ἐν τῷ βαπτίσματι ἀναγεννήσεως τὸ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν πατέρα ἐπίκοινον τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος· ἔτι δὲ καὶ ὅτι τὸ «ὁ θεὸς» ὄνομα ἕν τε καὶ ἴσως ἐστὶν τῇ τριάδι· καὶ ἰσοδυνάμως ἀεὶ ἐνεργεῖ ἐπικληθεὶς ὅ τε θεὸς πατὴρ ὅ τε θεὸς υἱὸς ὅ τε θεὸς πνεῦμα· Κορινθίοις γράφων δημηγορεῖ· «ἀλλὰ ἀπελούσασθε, ἀλλὰ ἐδικαιώθητε, ἀλλὰ ἡγιάσθητε ἐν τῷ ὀνό ματι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν.» διὸ οἱ κοινωνοῦντες αὐτῷ ὅ ἐστιν οἱ ἀξιούμενοι ἁγιάζεσθαι ὑπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ δικαιοῦσθαι καὶ σοφίζεσθαι, εἴρηνται, ὡς ὁ αὐτὸ ἀπόστολος Ἑβραίους διδάσκει· «μέτοχοι πνεύματος ἁγίου.» καὶ Ἐφεσίοις δὲ γράφει· «ἐν ᾧ καὶ πιστεύσαντες ἐσφραγίσθητε τῷ πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τῷ ἁγίῳ.» δῆλον γάρ, ὡς οἱ σφραγιζόμενοι, τουτέστιν ἁγιαζόμενοι, μετέχουσιν, ἀλλ' οὐ μετέχονται. καὶ γὰρ εἰ κτίσμα ἐτύγχανεν ὂν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἢ ὁ υἱός, ποῦ ἦν χρεία τὸ κτίσμα ἁγιάζειν καὶ ποιεῖν τὴν πλήρωσιν, καίτοι τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἀποχρώντως ἡγιακότος; οἱ γοῦν κτιστοὶ ἀκτίστου τὸ χρῖσμα τοῦτο εἰδότες, οὐκ οἴκοθεν παρέχομεν τὸν ἁγιασμόν, ἀλλὰ φαμέν· ὁ θεὸς ἁγιάσαι σε. καὶ πρὸς ἕτερον δὲ ὁμόλογον καὶ κραταιὸν βαδιοῦμαι δικαίωμα, μεθ' ὃ οὐδὲ τοῖς μεμελετηκόσιν ἀναισχυντεῖν ἐξέσται τοῦτο ποιεῖν. ὁ τοῦ παντὸς δεσπότης, περὶ μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἑαυτοῦ ἀπολελυμένως διαταξάμενος· «βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ,» οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐπήγαγεν· «καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος,» ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν· «τοῦ ἁγίου». ὥστε μονονουχὶ ὑποβεβηκότως αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐμνήσθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀναβεβηκότως διὰ τὸ ἐκεῖνο εἶναι τῇ φύσει, ὅ εἰσιν αἱ αὐτοτελεῖς ὑποστάσεις, ἃς ἐσήμανεν τὸ ἓν ὄνομα, ᾧ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα συμπροσηγορεύθη· καὶ παραλλήλως διὰ τὸ ἐκεῖνο καθεστάναι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὅ ἐστιν τῇ θεότητι ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ· οἷς συνεμνημονεύθη, ὡς τὸ δὴ λεγόμενόν ἐστι πρόδηλον καὶ τυφλῷ. ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν πλείονος ἔχεται θεολογίας· ἵνα δὲ ῥᾳδίως πιστεύηται θεότητος μόνης ἴδιον ὑπάρχειν τὸ καλεῖσθαι, καὶ εἶναι φύσει ἅγιόν τε δίκαιόν τε, ἔτι μὴν τὸ ἁγιάζειν καὶ δικαιοῦν τὰ οἰκεῖα κτίσματα, ὅμοια ὑμνημένα εἰσὶν περὶ μὲν τοῦ πατρὸς, ὡς ἡνίκα αὐτὸς ὁ υἱὸς παρὰ Ἰωάννῃ λέγῃ· «πάτερ ἅγιε, τήρησον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου,» καὶ πάλιν· «ἁγίασον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ σου· ὁ λόγος ὁ σὸς ἀλήθειά ἐστιν,» καὶ αὖθις· «πάτερ δίκαιε.» καὶ ὡς ὅταν προφητεύωσιν, Ἰεζεκιὴλ μέν· «καὶ γνώτωσαν, ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων αὐτούς,» ∆αυὶδ δὲ ἐν ιʹ ψαλμῷ· «δίκαιος κύριος, καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἠγάπησεν· εὐθύτητας ἴδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ,» καὶ ἕτερος· «καὶ πάντες οἱ ἡγιασμένοι ὑπὸ τὰς χεῖράς σου, καὶ ὑπὸ σέ εἰσιν.» καὶ ὡς ὅταν Παῦλος ἐπιστέλλῃ πρὸς μὲν Θεσσαλονικέας· «αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς,» πρὸς δὲ Ῥωμαίους· «θεὸς ὁ δικαιῶν· τίς ὁ κατακρίνων;» πρὸς δὲ Ἑβραίους· «ἵνα ᾖ ἡ παρθένος ἁγία σώματι καὶ πνεύματι,» ὡς ἐγχωροῦντος τοῦ, ἢ κατ' οἰκείαν τροπὴν μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν ἁγίαν, ἢ κατ' ἀρετὴν ἁγιάζεσθαι. λέγει δ' ἐνταῦθα, τὴν μὲν ἕξιν «πνεῦμα», τὴν δὲ πρακτικὴν ἐνέργειαν «σῶμα», κατὰ Ἡσαίαν προφητεύοντα· «καὶ γνώσονται οἱ τῷ πνεύματι πλανώμενοι σύνεσιν·» ὅ ἐστιν, οἱ τῇ πράξει ἢ τῇ ἕξει πλανώμενοι. περὶ δὲ τοῦ υἱοῦ, ὡς ἡνίκα εὐφημῆται· «εἷς ἅγιος, εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστός,» καὶ ὡς αἱ Πράξεις διαλέγονται· «ἀπέκτειναν τοὺς προκαταγγείλαντας περὶ 60 τῆς ἐλεύσεως τοῦ δικαίου» καὶ καθὰ Πέτρος ἔφη· «Χριστὸς ἅπερ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἀπέθανεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων.» καὶ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων τοίνυν λογίων δέον, εἰ τὰ δίκαια πράττειν ἐβούλοντο, ποδηγεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τὸν θεὸν ἀνυμνεῖν τὸ πνεῦμα· τοῦτο μὲν οὐ ποιοῦσιν, φάσκουσιν δέ, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι οὐχ ἡγιάσθησαν, καὶ ὅμως ἅγιοί εἰσιν·
The Goodness of the Spirit§58
58They do not pay attention, although it is true that angels or men were regarded as holy; for they are creatures, or lesser than the men sanctified by God and partakers of Him, and they stand in this state. That participation is not inherently participativebut this is the property of God alone. Creation is not essentially participative in the rational soul, as if it were to be inhabited; for to be thus partaking is the property of God alone.
But the Holy Spirit is essentially participative, just as the Father and the Son, as was said in the first place. For since even here, with the Father dwelling once in the worthy ones, as was necessary, would it not be the case that, unless through the unity of the divine nature and fullness, the Son and the Holy Spirit also flow in and are poured in upon us? Surely no one would ever dare to say that a multitude of gods dwell in us, but rather one exists in the unity of divinity, the three hypostases.
That it is good, creation itself self-produces the goodnesses and truth and wisdom and love; and in it every good gift and every perfect endowment is thought together. Creation possesses the good, receiving from the Trinity in one divinity, which is not the Good itself. And it is a second thing to have by participation something toward its own measure of good, since the first is by nature itself good and immeasurable; and it is not gathered or arranged with the original good of the Creator, of whom all things indeed flow, but He Himself is nothing of it.
The good found in creation, even if it is said in the Gospel: 'Well done, good servant' (Matt 25:21), and: 'The good man brings good out of the good treasure of the heart' (Luke 6:45). For, so to speak, it does not say that the heart itself is primarily good, but rather that which is joined and fitting to the creation. For that primordial good strives to multiply even the native works in goodness, so that each of the beings might be saved from this place and remain in the rank in which it attained being; and that is the one Good, the cause of all good things; and through it the lower good is performed; and it saves all things it encounters, just as evil happens through our preconception. Of this, even those outside say: How? The wicked have this greatest good in themselves; for while attempting evil against others, they first enjoy their own misery.
The Spirit, as previously stated, is inherently good—not lacking—and always entirely good toward all, being equal to the Father and the Son; and regarding this, he received testimony, as was demonstrated in the first Word, and as Ezra, having spoken boldly concerning the divine because of his knowledge—that even if one should stumble, no harm comes from it—prophesied: 'And your good Spirit you gave to instruct them.'
And Matthew and Luke, signifying that the divine goodness is the Spirit in essence, and that in it is found 'every good gift and every perfect gift,' the one wrote: 'How much more will the Father from heaven give good things to those asking him?' and the other: 'How much more will the Father from heaven give the Holy Spirit to those asking him?' For a creature, which is a created thing, it is a property of essence to be made good, or sanctified, or made wise by another, rather than possessing these things unchangeably.
And God, showing in Isaiah that no one shall ever receive his spiritual blessings without first finding the wisdom and understanding of the Holy Spirit, said: 'I will pour out my Spirit upon your offspring and my blessings upon your children.' Following this, Paul wrote: 'Therefore,' he says, 'we also, from the day we heard, do not cease praying for you and asking, that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will, walking in all wisdom and spiritual understanding worthy of the Lord.'
It is clear that he speaks of the divine Spirit. For the infinite heavenly kingdom is thought to be co-inherent with the Spirit of God, not being foreign to it because of the succession toward the Father and the Son. And again, through the same epistle, it is confirmed, writing: 'For the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.'
And this did not fail even Peter. For defending himself to those accusing him regarding the encounter he had with Cornelius, he said: 'If then God has granted them the same gift, having provided the Holy Spirit, as also to us in the beginning: who was I that could withstand God?' and again: 'And God, the knower of hearts, testified to them, having given the Holy Spirit, just as to us;'
Greek · §58
οὐ προσέχοντες, ὅτι καὶ ἄγγελοι ἢ ὡς ἄνθρωποι ἡγιάσθησαν ὅπερ ἀληθές· κτιστοὶ γάρ, ἢ ἐλάττονες τῶν ἁγιασθέντων ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνθρώπων καὶ μετεχόντων αὐτοῦ, καθεστᾶσιν. 6.7ν ὅτι μεθεκτὸν οὐσιωδῶς ἐστι· θεοῦ δὲ μόνον ἴδιον τοῦτο. ἡ κτίσις ἀμέθεκτός ἐστιν οὐσιωδῶς τῇ λογικῇ ψυχῇ, ὡς ἐνοικίζεσθαι αὐτήν· μόνου γὰρ θεοῦ ἴδιον τὸ οὕτως μετέχεσθαι. τὸ δ' ἅγιον πνεῦμα μεθεκτὸν οὐσιωδῶς ὑπάρχει ὡς ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱός, καθὰ ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ εἴρηται λόγῳ. ἐπεὶ κἀνταῦθα, τοῦ πατρὸς ἅπαξ ἐνοικοῦντος τοῖς ἀξίοις, οἷον ἦν ἀναγκαῖον, εἰ μὴ δι' ἑνότητα τῆς θεϊκῆς φύσεως καὶ πλήρωσιν τὴν εἰς ἡμᾶς, συνεισβάλλειν καὶ συνειστρέχειν καὶ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; ἀμέλει τοι οὐκ ἂν τίς ποτε ἕλοιτο φάναι πληθὺν οἱονείπως θεῶν κατοικεῖν ἐν ἡμῖν, ἀλλ' ἕνα κατά γε τὸ ἓν ἐν ἑνάδι θεότητος ὑπάρχειν τὰς τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις. 6.8ν ὅτι ἀγαθόν, αὐτοτίκτον τὰς ἐν τῇ κτίσει ἀγαθότητας καὶ ἀληθείας καὶ σοφίας καὶ ἀγάπας· καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ συνεπινοεῖται πᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον. ἡ κτίσις ἔχει τὸ ἀγαθόν, μεταδούσης αὐτῇ τῆς ἐν μιᾷ θεότητι τριάδος, τῆς οὔσης αὐτὸ τἀγαθόν. καὶ ἔστι δεύτερον τὸ κατὰ μετοχὴν ἔχειν τι πρὸς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ μέτρον ἀγαθὸν τοῦ φύσει αὐτὸ τὸ πρῶτον καὶ ἀμέτρητον ἀγαθὸν ὑπάρχειν· καὶ οὐ συγκλώθεται οὐδὲ συντάττεται τῷ δημιουργῷ ἑνὶ καὶ πρωτουργῷ ἀγαθῷ· οὗ πάντα μὲν ἐφίεται, αὐτὸ δὲ οὐδενὸς, τὸ ἐν τῇ κτίσει εὑρισκόμενον ἀγαθόν, κἂν λέγηται ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ· «εὖ, δοῦλε ἀγαθέ,» καί· «ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ τῆς καρδίας προ φέρει τὸ ἀγαθόν». οὐ γάρ, ὡς εἰπεῖν, αὐτὸ τὸ ἐγκάρδιον καὶ κυρίως ὂν ἀγαθὸν λέγει, ἀλλὰ τὸ συνεζευγμένον καὶ πρέπον τῇ κτίσει. ἐκεῖνο γὰρ πληθύει τε καὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις ποιήμασιν φιλοτιμεῖται ἀγαθότητας, ὅπως ἂν ἐντεῦθεν ἕκαστα τῶν ὄντων σώζηται, καὶ ἐν ᾗ ἔλαχεν εἶναι τάξει διαμένῃ· καὶ αὐτό ἐστιν τὸ ἓν ἀγαθόν, αἴτιον πᾶσιν πάντων ἀγαθῶν· καὶ δι' αὐτὸ πράττεται τὸ κάτω ἀγαθόν· καὶ αὐτὸ σώζει πάντα, οἷς ἂν παρῇ, ὥσπερ τὸ κακὸν ἐκ προαιρέσεως ἡμῶν συμβαῖνον φθείρει. οὗ αἰσθόμενοι καὶ οἱ ἔξω φασίν; ὡς· οἱ κακοὶ τοῦτο μέγιστον ἔχουσιν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀγαθόν· ἄλλους γὰρ ἐπιχειροῦντες κακοῦν, αὐτοὶ πρότεροι τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀπολαύουσι μοχθηρίας. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὡς προείρηται, ὑπάρχον αὐτὸ–ἀπροδεὲς–ἀγαθὸν καὶ ὅλον–ἀεὶ–πρὸς–πάντας–ὂν–ἀγαθὸν καὶ οὐ δεύτερον τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ πρώτου ἀγαθοῦ, ἴσας τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ καὶ περὶ τούτου μαρτυρίας ἐδέξατο, ὡς ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἀπεδείχθη λόγῳ καὶ ὡς ὁ Ἔσδρας ὁ πρὸς τὴν θείαν παρρησιασάμενος ἀγαθότητα διὰ τὸ εἰδέναι, ὅτι κἂν πταίῃ τι, τὸ παθεῖν παρ' αὐτῆς οὐκ ἔνι, προεφήτευσεν· «καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά σου τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἔδωκας συνετίσαι αὐτούς.» καὶ Ματθαῖος δὲ καὶ Λουκᾶς αὐτὴν τὴν θεϊκὴν ἀγαθότητα τὸ πνεῦμα κατ' οὐσίαν εἶναι σημαίνοντες, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐπινοεῖσθαι «πᾶσαν δόσιν ἀγαθὴν καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον», ὁ μὲν ἔγραψεν· «πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ πατὴρ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει ἀγαθὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν;» ὁ δέ· «πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ πατὴρ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει πνεῦμα ἅγιον τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν;» τρεπτῆς γάρ, ὅ ἐστιν κτιστῆς, οὐσίας ἴδιον τὸ ὑπ' ἄλλου ἀγαθύνεσθαι ἢ ἁγιάζεσθαι ἢ σοφίζεσθαι καὶ μὴ αὐτὴν ἀτρέπτως ὑπάρχειν ταῦτα. καὶ ὁ θεὸς δὲ ἐν Ἠσαίᾳ δεικνύς, ὡς οὔποτε τὰς πνευματικὰς αὐτοῦ εὐλογίας λήψεταί τις μὴ ἀνάπλεως πρότερον τῆς σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος εὑρεθείς, ἔφη· «ἐπιθήσω τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπὶ τὸ σπέρμα σου καὶ τὰς εὐλογίας μου ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα σου.» ᾧ ἑπόμενα ἔγραψε Παῦλος· «διὰ τοῦτο», φησίν, «καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας ἠκούσαμεν, οὐ παυ όμεθα ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν προσευχόμενοι καὶ αἰτούμενοι, ἵνα πληρωθῆτε τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ, ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ συνέσει πνευματι κῇ περιπατοῦντες ἀξίως τοῦ κυρίου.» δῆλον δέ, 61 ὅτι λέγει· τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος. συνεπινοεῖσθαι γὰρ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν ἄνω ἀτελεύτητον βασιλείαν, ὡς μὴ ἀλλοτρίαν αὐτοῦ τυγχάνουσαν διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἀλληλουχίαν. καὶ αὖθις διὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐπιστολῆς πιστοῦται, γράφων· «οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ βρῶσις καὶ πόσις, ἀλλὰ δικαιο σύνη καὶ εἰρήνη καὶ χαρὰ ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.» οὐκ ἔλαθεν δ' οὐδὲ τοῦτο καὶ Πέτρον. ἀπολογούμενος γὰρ τοῖς αἰτιωμένοις τὴν συντυχίαν, ἣ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς Κορνήλιον, ἔφη· «εἰ οὖν τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν δέδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ θεός, παρασχὼν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν ἐν ἀρχῇ· ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην δυνατὸς κωλῦσαι τὸν θεόν;» καὶ πάλιν· «καὶ ὁ καρδιογνώστης θεὸς ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτοῖς, δοὺς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, καθὼς καὶ ἡμῖν·
The Freedom of the Spirit§59
59And he did not distinguish between us and them, having purified their hearts by faith. That is to say: the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, as one might say, is the free and abundant giving of Him, the cause of prophecy and renewal and heavenly goods and of understanding the beauty of the divine truth. For as it seems to the apostle: 'the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace' (Galatians 5:22). Therefore he writes again: 'for the love of God has been poured out in our hearts by the Holy Spirit' (Romans 5:5). Since one goodness belongs to the Triad in unity, many goodnesses are yielded to us; just as I say that one truth, justice, and wisdom belong to the one, according to: 'You are able, Lord, and your truth is around you,' which is the only-begotten God, and according to: 'to the only wise God,' many truths, justices, and wisdoms are multiplied to us from above, according to: 'the Lord seeks truth,' and: 'the Lord is righteous and loved justice,' and: 'a multitude of the wise, the salvation of the world,' and: 'walking with the wise, he shall be wise.' It is therefore clear that, as a Spirit of God in its own existence, it has become a good spirit and a spirit of wisdom and truth and a spirit of the invisible and indivisible God and Father.
That it is not written that creation is philanthropic; for this is the peculiar property of the consubstantial Triad alone. For the Father is philanthropic: 'not being angry with us until the end, nor being wrathful forever, nor repaying us according to our sins, nor according to our iniquities,' according to Psalm 24 (Psalm 24:18); and as Solomon says: 'but sparing all, because all things are yours, O Lord, lover of souls,' as it has been said; and because of these things we call Him both Lord and Father, his care having been established by power. For there is no more intimate approach to God than that of Father, Philanthropist, Good, and Holy. The Son is philanthropic, who through us, by the works of his seven and intelligible hands: 'he emptied himself, taking the form of a servant;' (Philippians 2:7) as the apostle writes in Titus: 'when the kindness and the philanthropy of our Savior God appeared' (Titus 3:4). And whoever should grant to Him, whatever is fitting for the only-begotten God, departing having received more than he hoped for. The Holy Spirit of God is philanthropic according to Wisdom, who was saying: 'phil...'
For he is a man of a spirit of wisdom, and he will not justify the righteous. For he did not leave the human nature to perish; but he himself went about, having guided, having taught all truth, having renewed us, and having bestowed the divine gifts, and having established such care anew for the one according to the image, so as to have the knowledge of his transcendent goodness and to possess this as a characteristic. For great elements indeed are heaven, earth, and sea; and a great rational creation is the angels and all the supracosmic power; but the Trinity did not deign from one of these, but has the name 'lover of mankind' from the goodness toward man.
For he is free by nature and not a slave; and as God and Lord, he frees and makes us sons. Creation has become a slave to the master who made it, possessing a freedom which it does not have from itself, nor is it able to provide to itself or to others. For prophecy says: 'All things are slaves' (Ps 146:9). It has not been written that the Holy Spirit is a slave alone, but also as a master and free by nature, where he is and where he moves about, he provides the freedom which he possesses. For works alone submit to the yoke of slavery; that which is not a slave is not a work; and that which is not a work is God by nature. And the apostle is a faithful witness of these things, writing to the Corinthians in the second epistle: 'But the Lord is the Spirit; and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom' (2 Cor 3:17); to Timothy: 'For God did not give us a spirit of slavery, but a spirit of power and love and self-control' (2 Tim 1:7); to the Romans: 'For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but a spirit of adoption as sons, in whom we cry, Abba, Father' (Rom 8:15); to the Galatians: 'God sent the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. So you are no longer a slave, but a son' (Gal 4:6). Just as we were freed by the Son, having heard: 'You are no longer a slave, but free' and: 'With the freedom with which the Son set you free'; so too, through the same essence and lordship, we are freed by the Spirit through the aforementioned word: 'Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.'
For he commands, and creation does not serve; whether spiritual or sensible, it serves, but it does not command from itself; just as it says concerning the angels: 'Mighty in strength, doing the word of God...'
Greek · §59
καὶ οὐδὲν διέκρινεν μεταξὺ ἡμῶν τε καὶ αὐ τῶν, τῇ πίστει καθαρίσας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν.» τουτέστιν· ἡ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἔκχυσις, ὡς ἄν τις εἴποι, ἡ ἀκατάσχετος καὶ ἄφθονος ἐπιφοίτησις αὐτοῦ, αἰτία προφητείας καὶ ἀνακαινισμοῦ καὶ οὐρανίων ἀγαθῶν καὶ τοῦ κατανοεῖν τὸ κάλλος τῆς θεϊκῆς ἀληθείας ἐστίν. ὡς γὰρ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ δοκεῖ· «ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος ἀγάπη, χαρά, εἰρήνη ἐστίν.» ὅθεν καὶ πάλιν γράφει· «ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκέχυται ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν ἐν πνεύ ματι ἁγίῳ.» μιᾶς γοῦν οὔσης ἀγαθότητος τῆς ἐν ἑνάδι τριάδος, πολλαὶ ἡμῖν ἀποτίκτονται ἀγαθότητος· ὥσπερ ἀληθείας καὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ σοφίας μιᾶς οὔσης τῆς ἄνω φημί κατὰ τό· «δυνατὸς εἶ, κύριε, καὶ ἡ ἀλήθειά σου κύκλῳ σου,» ἥτις ἐστὶν ὁ μονογενὴς θεός καὶ κατὰ τό· «μόνῳ σοφῷ θεῷ» πολλαὶ πληθύνονται ἡμῖν ἄνωθεν ἀλήθειαι καὶ δικαιοσύναι καὶ σοφίαι κατὰ τό· «ἀληθείας ἐκζητεῖ κύριος,» καί· «δίκαιος κύριος καὶ δικαιοσύνας ἠγάπησεν», καί· «πλῆθος σοφῶν, σωτηρία κόσμου», καί· «συμπορευόμενος σοφοῖς, σοφὸς ἔσῃ.» σαφὲς οὖν, ὡς πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ ὑπάρξει αὐτῇ πνεῦμα ἀγαθὸν καὶ πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀληθείας καὶ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀοράτου καὶ ἀσυνθέτου θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς καθέστηκεν. 6.9ν ὅτι φιλάνθρωπον ἡ κτίσις οὐ γέγραπται φιλάνθρωπος· ἴδιον γὰρ τοῦτο κυρίως μόνης τῆς ὁμοουσίου τριάδος. φιλάνθρωπος γὰρ ὁ πατήρ· «οὐχ ἕως τέλους ἡμῖν ὀργιζόμενος, οὐδ' εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μηνιῶν, οὐδὲ ποιῶν ἡμῖν πρὸς τὰς ἁμαρτίας, οὐδὲ κατὰ τὰς ἀνομίας ἡμῶν ἀνταποδιδούς,» κατὰ τὸν ρβʹ ψαλμόν· καὶ ὡς Σολομὼν λέγει· «φείδῃ δὲ πάντων, ὅτι πάντα σά ἐστιν, δέσποτα φιλόψυχε,» καθὰ εἴρηται· ὡς καὶ διὰ ταῦτα καλεῖσθαι ἡμῶν δεσπότην τε καὶ πατέρα, τῆς κηδεμονίας αὐτοῦ τῇ δυνάμει κεκραμένης. τῷ θεῷ γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν πρόσρησις οἰκειοτέρα τῆς πατρὸς καὶ φιλανθρώπου καὶ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἁγίου. φιλάνθρωπος ὁ υἱὸς, ὅς γε δι' ἡμᾶς, τὰ ἔργα τῶν σεπτῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ νοητῶν χειρῶν· «ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν, μορφὴν δούλου λαβών·» καθὰ Τίτῳ γράφει ὁ ἀπόστολος· «ὅτε δὲ ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ ἐπ εφάνη.» καὶ ὅστις ἂν ἀπονείμῃ αὐτῷ, ὅσα πρέπει μονογενεῖ θεῷ, λαβὼν πλέον ὧν ἤλπισεν, ἀπέρχεται. φιλάνθρωπον τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ κατὰ τὴν Σοφίαν, οὕτω λέγουσαν· «φιλάνθρωπον γὰρ πνεῦμα σοφίας, καὶ οὐκ ἀθωώσει δίκαιον.» οὐ γὰρ παρεῖδεν ἀπολλυμένην τὴν ἀνθρωπείαν φύσιν· ἀλλ' ἐφοίτησεν δι' ἑαυτοῦ ὁδηγῆσαν, διδάξαν πᾶσαν ἀλήθειαν, ἀνακαινίσαν ἡμᾶς, καὶ τὰ θεϊκὰ χαρίσματα δωρησάμενον, καὶ τοσαύτην τοῦ κατ' εἰκόνα θέμενον ἀνέκαθεν φροντίδα, ὥστε εἰς γνώρισμα τῆς ὑπερφυοῦς αὐτοῦ ἀγαθότητος καὶ ταύτην ἔχειν τὴν προσηγορίαν. μεγάλα μὲν γὰρ στοιχεῖα οὐρανός, γῆ, θάλασσα· μεγάλη δὲ λογικὴ κτίσις, ἡ ἀγγέλων καὶ πάσης ὑπερκοσμίου δυνάμεως· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀφ' ἑνὸς τούτων ἠξίωσεν, ἐκ δὲ τῆς πρὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀγαθότητος ἔχει ὄνομα τὸ φιλάνθρωπον ἡ τριάς. 6.10ν ὅτι φύσει ἐλεύθερον καὶ οὐ δοῦλον· καὶ ὡς θεὸς καὶ κύριος ἐλευθεροῖ καὶ υἱοὺς ποιεῖ. ἡ κτίσις δούλη τοῦ τεχνησαμένου αὐτὴν δεσπότου καθέστηκεν, ἐλευθερίαν, ἣ ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς μὴ κέκτηται, οὔτε ἑαυτῇ οὔτ' ἄλλοις παρέχειν δυναμένη. φησὶν γὰρ ἡ προφητεία· «τὰ σύμπαντα δοῦλά σα.» τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα μονονουχὶ δοῦλον οὐ γέγραπται, ἀλλὰ καὶ 62 ὡς δεσπότης καὶ φύσει ἐλεύθερον, ἔνθα ἐστὶν καὶ οἷς ἐπιφοιτᾷ, ἐλευθερίαν, ἣν ἔχει, παρέχει. τὰ γὰρ ποιήματα μόνα τῷ τῆς δουλείας ὑπάγεται ζυγῷ· τὸ δὲ μὴ δοῦλον, οὐδὲ ποίημα· τὸ δὲ μὴ ποίημα, φύσει θεός· μάρτυς δὲ τούτων πιστὸς ὁ ἀπόστολος, γράφων Κορινθίοις μὲν ἐν τῇ δευτέρα ἐπιστολῇ· «ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν· οὗ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου, ἐκεῖ ἐλευ θερία,» Τιμοθέῳ δέ· «οὐ γὰρ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα δουλείας, ἀλλὰ πνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ,» Ῥωμαίοις δέ· «οὐ γὰρ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα δουλείας πάλιν εἰς φόβον, ἀλλὰ πνεῦμα υἱο θεσίας, ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν· ἀββά, ὁ πατήρ,» Γαλάταις δέ· «ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν κράζον· ἀββά, ὁ πατήρ. ὥστε οὐκέτι εἶ δοῦλος, ἀλλ' υἱός.» καθάπερ οὖν ἠλευθερώθημεν παρὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἀκούσαντες· «οὐκέτι εἶ δοῦλος, ἀλλ' ἐλεύθερος,» καί· «τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ, ᾗ ὁ υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἠλευθέρωσεν·» οὕτω διὰ τὸ ταὐτὸν τῆς οὐσίας καὶ δεσποτείας ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος ἠλευθερούμεθα διὰ τοῦ μνημονευθέντος ῥήματος· «οὗ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου, ἐκεῖ ἐλευθερία.» 6.11ν ὅτι ἐπιτάσσει, οὐχ ὑπουργεῖ ἡ κτίσις, ἤ τε νοερὰ καὶ αἰσθητή, ὑπουργεῖ, οὐκ ἐπιτάττει ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς· ὡς περὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων λέγει· «δυνατοὶ ἰσχύι, ποιοῦντες τὸν λόγον
The Truth and Equality of the Holy Spirit§60
60His. But the Holy Spirit of God authoritatively presides over prophets and apostles, as God and Lord, as it is shown in the preceding chapters. That creation is strengthened by the all-pervading and all-powerful divine strength, and not that it strengthens itself. For it received power which endures in itself, and it does not fail to impart this to its fellow-servants.
And the Spirit of God strengthens through his generative, nourishing, and inexhaustible power, because he is a creator and not a creature. For the Savior says in the deeds: 'But you will receive power, upon the coming of the Holy Spirit upon you' (Acts 1:8). Just as without his coming, there is to us no power or hope toward God. And it must be understood by this, first, that the presence of the Holy Spirit signifies that he has come by authority; second, that he did not come as a mere messenger, but was foretold by him, the great God and Savior. And again therefore he says: 'But you sit in the city, until you are clothed with power from on high' (Acts 1:4/1:8). And this was the power of the Holy Spirit.
And Paul writes to the Romans, which is to be wondered at or interpreted worthily, especially from an attack, not nothing pleasant: 'I have therefore confidence in Christ Jesus toward God. For I do not dare to speak of anything which Christ has not accomplished through me in word and deed for the obedience of the Gentiles, in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Holy Spirit' (Romans 15:18). That it is true; whereas creation, which is the property of God alone, does not always tell the truth, but from its own opinion it has a part of turning and the possibility of lying sometimes. Just as in incorporeal beings is the devil, so in corporeal beings, as it is written: 'Every man is a liar' (Psalm 116:13), and: 'You will destroy all those who speak falsehood' (2 Timothy 2:9). For Father God will not lie, as those from without also have written. And in holy beings, as Paul said concerning the apostles: 'But when I saw that they were not walking straight toward the truth of the good news, I said to Cephas in the presence of all' (Galatians 2:11) what he said. For to always be without falsehood is truly of divine nature alone. Therefore he sent to the Hebrews: 'that' he says, 'through two unchangeable things, in which it is impossible for God to lie, we may have a strong exhortation, we who have fled, to hold fast the fore-laid hope' (Hebrews 6:18). And the communion of the Holy Spirit,
Participating in nature with the Father and the Son, it participates in all things, and even in being without falsehood. For it is the Spirit of truth of God (John 14:17), as it was foretold, speaking by the one will of the Father and the Son and itself, and not speaking from itself, just as the Son testified to him saying, 'He will not speak from himself' (John 14:16). It is truth because it does not disagree with the one divinity. Creation has nothing called truth, because there is one divine truth, just as holiness and goodness are one, to which each of us used to reach, we confess.
And the Holy Spirit is foretold as truth just as the Father and the Son, because it is of the same one divinity, having nothing manifold or disagreeing. And the Son testifies concerning the Father and himself, saying, 'Father, your Word is truth' (John 1:14), and again, 'I am the life and the truth' (John 14:6), and concerning the Holy Spirit, as was foretold, that no one knows the things of God except the Holy Spirit, and that because of the equality toward the Father, God again knows the things of the Holy Spirit.
Creation does not know the things of God; for it surpasses it, and nothing dares to rush toward such knowledge, even if it were of the well-disposed; because to know the things of God is impossible for all things, since it does not possess the same nature and the same knowledge possessed by God, as the Savior taught, saying in John, 'The servant does not know what his master does' (Matthew 13:52), and as Peter wrote, 'It is that which is now being announced to you by those having preached to you by a Holy Spirit sent from heaven, into which angels desire to stoop' (1 Peter 1:12).
And that the Holy Spirit knows, as consubstantial God, the apostle wrote to the Corinthians, as has been previously stated. And again, presenting the greatness of the Spirit and the equality toward the Father, he writes in a balanced way: 'But he who searches the hearts knows what the mind of the Spirit is' (1 Corinthians 2:10). For, saying something great concerning the Father, he said the one who searches knows the mind of the Spirit, thus presenting the participation in nature and will and the equality of value and power of the Holy Spirit; he wrote only that he knows the things of the Father and searches his depths and the unknown thoughts of Him, which it is necessary also...
Greek · §60
αὐτοῦ.» τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ αὐθεντικῶς προφήταις καὶ ἀποστόλοις προστάττει, ὡς θεὸς καὶ δεσπότης, καθὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις κεφαλαίοις ἀποδειχθείη. 6.12ν ὅτι ἐνδυναμοῖ ἡ κτίσις ἐνδυναμοῦται ὑπὸ τῆς παναλκοῦς καὶ πανδυνάμου θεϊκῆς ἰσχύος, οὐκ ἐνδυναμοῖ δὲ αὐτή.τὴν γὰρ αὐτῇ διαρκοῦσαν ἐδέξατο δύναμιν, καὶ μεταδιδόναι τοῖς συνδούλοις οὐ σθένει. τὸ δέ γε πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ τῇ γονίμῳ καὶ θρεπτικῇ καὶ ἀνεκλείπτῳ αὐτοῦ ἰσχύι ἐνδυναμοῖ, ἐπειδὴ κτίστης καὶ οὐ κτίσμα τυγχάνει. ὁ γὰρ σωτὴρ ἐν ταῖς πράξεσι φησίν· «ὑμεῖς δὲ λήψεσθε δύναμιν, ἐπελθόντος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐφ' ὑμᾶς.» ὡς δίχα τῆς αὐτοῦ ἐπιφοιτήσεως οὐδεμίας ἡμῖν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν δυνάμεως ἢ ἐλπίδος ὑπαρχούσης. κατανοητέον δὲ πρὸς τούτῳ, ἓν μὲν, ὅτι τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος κατ' ἐξουσίαν σημαίνει γεγενῆσθαι· ἕτερον δέ, ὅτι οὐκ αὐτάγγελος ἦλθεν, ἀλλ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος προεμηνύθη. καὶ αὖθις οὖν λέγει· «ὑμεῖς δὲ καθίσατε ἐν τῇ πόλει, ἕως οὗ ἐνδύσησθε δύναμιν ἐξ ὕψους.» αὕτη δὲ ἦν ἡ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. καὶ Παῦλος γράφει Ῥωμαίοις, ἃ θαυμάσαι ἢ ἑρμηνεῦσαι ἀξίως, μάλιστα ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς, οὐδενὶ εὐπετές· «ἔχω οὖν πεποίθησιν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸς τὸν θεόν. οὐ γὰρ τολμῶ τι λαλεῖν, ὧν οὐ κατειργάσατο Χριστὸς δι' ἐμοῦ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν, ἐν δυνάμει σημείων καὶ τεράτων ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου.» 6.13ν ὅτι ἀψευδές· ὅπερ ἴδιον μόνου θεοῦ ἡ κτίσις οὐκ ἀληθεύει ἀεί, ἀλλ' ἐξ οἰκείας γνώμης ἔχει τροπῆς μέρος καὶ τὸ ψεύδεσθαί ποτε. ὡς ἐν μὲν ἀσάρκοις ὁ διάβολος, ἐν δὲ σαρκίνοις καθὰ γράφει· «πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης,» καί· «ἀπολεῖς πάντας τοὺς λαλοῦντας τὸ ψεῦδος.» οὐ γὰρ ἐπιψεύδεσσι πατὴρ θεὸς ἔσσετ' ἀρωγός, ἔγραψαν καὶ οἱ ἔξω. ἐν δὲ ἁγίοις, ὡς Παῦλος περὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἔφη· «ἀλλ' ὅτε εἶδον, ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγ γελίου, εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων» ἃ εἶπεν. ὡς ἀληθῶς γὰρ μόνης θεϊκῆς φύσεως τὸ ἀεὶ ἀψευδεῖν. διὸ Ἑβραίοις ἐπέστειλεν· «ἵνα» φησίν, «διὰ δύο πραγμάτων ἀμεταθέτων, ἐν οἷς ἀδύνατον ψεύ σασθαι τὸν θεόν, ἰσχυρὰν παράκλησιν ἔχωμεν οἱ καταφυγόντες κρατῆ σαι τῆς προκειμένης ἐλπίδος.» ἡ δὲ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, κοινωνοῦσα τῇ φύσει τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ, κοινωνεῖ εἰς ὅλα, ἔτι μὴν καὶ εἰς τὸ ἀψευδεῖν. πνεῦμα γὰρ ἀληθείας ἐστὶν τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς προελέχθη, τῷ ἑνὶ θελήματι τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ ἑαυτοῦ λαλοῦν, καὶ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐ λαλοῦν, ὡς ὁ υἱὸς αὐτῷ ἐμαρτύρησεν εἰπών· «ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐ λαλήσει.» 6.14ν ὅτι ἀλήθεια, διὰ τὸ μὴ διαφωνεῖν αὐτὸ πρὸς τὴν μίαν θεότητα. ἡ κτίσις οὐδὲν ἔχει προσαγορευθὲν ἀλήθεια, διὰ τὸ μίαν εἶναι θεϊκὴν ἀλήθειαν, ὡς μία ἐστὶν ἡ ἁγιότης καὶ ἡ ἀγαθότης, ἀφ' ἧς ἑκάστοις ἡμῖν ταῦτα 63 ἐφήκειν ὁμολογοῦμεν. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἀλήθεια προσηγόρευται καθὰ ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱός, ἐπειδὴ τῆς αὐτῆς μιᾶς ἐστιν θεότητος, οὐδὲν ἔχον πολυσχιδὲς ἢ διαφωνοῦν. μαρτυρεῖ δὲ περὶ μὲν τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἑαυτοῦ ὁ υἱὸς λέγων· «πάτερ, ὁ λόγος ὁ σὸς ἀλήθειά ἐστιν,» καὶ πάλιν· «ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ζωὴ καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια,» περὶ δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, ὡς προελέχθη. 6.15ν ὅτι οὐδεὶς οἶδεν τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, καὶ ὅτι διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἰσότητα, τὸ ἀνάπαλιν ὁ θεὸς οἶδεν τὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. ἡ κτίσις οὐκ οἶδεν τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ· ὑπερβαίνει γὰρ αὐτήν, καὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοιαύτην εἴδησιν ὁρμῆσαι τολμᾷ, κἂν ᾖ τῶν εὐδοκίμων· ἐπειδὴ γνῶναι τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς πάμπαν ἀδύνατον τῇ μὴ οὔσῃ τῆς αὐτῆς φύσεως καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν γνῶσιν τῷ θεῷ κεκτημένῃ, ὡς ἐδίδαξεν ὁ σωτὴρ εἰπὼν ἐν Ἰωάννῃ· «ὁ δοῦλος οὐκ οἶδεν τί ποιεῖ ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ,» καὶ ὡς ἔγραψεν Πέτρος· «ἔστιν ἃ νῦν ἀναγγέλλει ὑμῖν διὰ τῶν εὐαγγελισαμένων ὑμᾶς πνεύματι ἁγίῳ ἀποσταλέντι ἀπὸ οὐρανοῦ, εἰς ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακῦψαι.» τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ὅτι ἐπίσταται ὡς ὁμοούσιος θεός, ὁ ἀπόστολος Κορινθίοις ἐπέστειλεν, ὡς προείρηται. καὶ πάλιν τὴν μεγαλειότητα τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἰσότητα παριστῶν, ἰσόρροπον ἐκείνῳ γράφει· «ὁ δὲ ἐρευνῶν τὰς καρδίας οἶδεν, τί τὸ φρόνημα τοῦ πνεύματος.» καθὰ γὰρ μέγα τι λέγων περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς, εἶπεν εἰδέναι αὐτὸν τοῦ πνεύματος τὸ φρόνημα, οὕτω τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν κοινωνίαν τῆς φύσεως καὶ θελήσεως καὶ τὴν ἰσότητα τῆς ἀξίας καὶ δυνάμεως τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος παριστῶν, ἔγραψεν μόνον αὐτὸ εἰδέναι τὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τὰ βάθη αὐτοῦ ἐρευνᾶν καὶ τὰς ἀγνώστους ἐκείνου νοήσεις, ἃς χρὴ καὶ
The Visibility of the Father and the Trinity§61
61When the worthy must be revealed. And let Peter write, as it is foretold: the Spirit was sent from heaven; let it be understood in the same way that the Son was sent. For that word is as a word, and this as a saying, and the Spirit sent from God. And because of the knowing that things said from Christ or from the Holy Spirit are also said from the Father through the single will, these are words. For he is neither ignorant nor sent as a slave, nor does he speak or act or come from himself as an opponent.
That no one sees God and Father, except the Son alone and the Holy Spirit; and toward those saying: 'It is not written, then,' he says, 'that the angels see the face of the Father?' Creation does not see God and Father in the way that He is; for this is of a different nature, incorporeal and uncontainable. And toward this is: 'No one shall see my face and live' (John 1:18). But the Scriptures say, at times to see or know the Son alone, and at times the Holy Spirit alone, the God Father, because the Trinity is in a unity of divinity, just as as the Savior says in John: 'Not that anyone has seen the Father, except He who is from God; he has seen the Father' (John 6:46).
And the Son is from God by nature generatively, and the Holy Spirit processionally; and again: 'Nor does anyone know the Father except the Son, and whoever the Son shall reveal.' And as when speaking specifically about the Holy Spirit, as Paul writes to the Corinthians, as was foretold, and as Isaiah prophesies: 'Spirit of wisdom and understanding, spirit of knowledge and godliness' (Isa 11:2). It is not written, then, he says, in Matthew from the Savior: 'See, do not despise one of these little ones; for I say to you, that their angels in the heavens always see the face of my Father who is in heaven?' (Matt 18:10). Yes; but they see, not as much and as what God is, but according to what they are able to grasp. And the only-begotten and the Holy Spirit...
makes creation worthy of adoption
Greek · §61
ἡνίκα δεῖ τοῖς ἀξίοις ἐκφαίνειν. τὸν δὲ Πέτρον, ὡς προείρηται, γράψαι· ἀπεστάλη ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ τὸ πνεῦμα· νοείσθω, ᾧ τρόπῳ νοεῖται τό· ἀπεστάλη ὁ υἱός. ὡς λόγος γὰρ ἐκεῖνος, καὶ τοῦτο ὡς ῥῆμα καὶ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπεστάλη. καὶ διὰ τὸ εἰδέναι, ὅτι τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἢ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος λεγόμενα λέγεται καὶ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς διὰ τὸ ἓν θέλημα, τὰ τοιαῦτα κεῖται ῥήματα. οὔτε γὰρ ἀγνοεῖ ἢ πέμπεται ὡς δοῦλον, οὔτε ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ λαλεῖ ἢ ποιεῖ ἢ ἔρχεται ὡς ἀντίθεον. 6.16ν ὅτι οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα, εἰ μὴ μόνος ὁ υἱὸς καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς λέγοντας· οὐ γέγραπται οὖν, φησίν, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι βλέπουσιν τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ πατρός; ἡ κτίσις οὐχ ὁρᾷ τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα οὕτως, ὡς ἔστιν· ἑτέρᾳ γὰρ φύσει τοῦτο ἀχώρητον καὶ ἀβάστακτον ὑπάρχει· καὶ πρὸς αὐτήν ἐστιν τό· «οὐδεὶς ὄψεταί μου τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ ζήσεται.» αἱ δὲ γραφαὶ λέγουσιν, ποτὲ μὲν τὸν υἱὸν μόνον, ποτὲ δὲ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα μόνον ὁρᾶν ἢ εἰδέναι τὸν θεὸν πατέρα, ἐπειδὴ ἐν μονάδι θεότητος ἡ τριάς, ὡς ἡνίκα ὁ σωτὴρ παρὰ Ἰωάννῃ λέγει· «οὐχ ὅτι τὸν πατέρα τις ἑόρακεν, εἰ μὴ ὁ ὢν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ· οὗτος ἑόρακεν τὸν πατέρα.» ἔστιν δὲ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ὁ υἱὸς γεννητικῶς, καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐκπορευτικῶς· καὶ πάλιν· «οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸν πατέρα τις ἐπιγινώσκει, εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱός, καὶ ᾧ ἐὰν ὁ υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψῃ,» καὶ ὡς ὅταν ἰδικῶς περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, ὡς προελέχθη, Παῦλος Κορινθίοις γράφει, καὶ ὡς Ἠσαῖας προφητεύει· «πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως, πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας.» οὐ γέγραπται οὖν, φησίν, Ματθαίῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος· «ὁρᾶτε, μὴ καταφρονήσητε ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων· λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν ἐν οὐρανοῖς διὰ παντὸς βλέπουσιν τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς;» ναί· ἀλλὰ βλέπουσιν, οὐχ ὅσος καὶ οἷός ἐστιν ὁ θεός, ἀλλὰ καθ' ὅσον αὐτοὶ χωροῦσιν. ὁ δὲ μονογενὴς καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα διὰ τὸ ταὐτὸν τῆς θεότητος ὁρῶσιν οὕτως, ὡς ἔστιν ὁ ἀμεγέθης καὶ ἀνείδεος θεός. 6.17ν ὅτι τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τὴν κτίσιν υἱοθεσίας ἀξιοῖ· αὐτὸ δὲ ἐκ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκπορεύεται. ἡ κτίσις ἡ λογική, ὅταν ἀξία γένηται ἀνακαινισμοῦ καὶ υἱοθεσίας, ὑπὸ τῆς πανδυνάμου χάριτος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος τούτων ἀξιοῦται, ἐπειδὴ οὐ κτίσμα, ἀλλὰ θεὸς ὑπάρχει, οἷος ὁ κτίσας τὸ πρῶτον. 6.18ν ὅτι οὐχ ὑμνεῖ ὡς ἡ ἄλλη κτίσις· ἐπειδὴ αὐτὸ τῶν ὑμνημένων ἐστι. ἡ κτίσις 64 πᾶσα, ὁρατὴ καὶ ἀόρατος, ὀνομαστὶ προστάττεται ὑπὸ τῶν τριῶν παιδῶν Ἀνανία, Ἀζαρία καὶ Μισαὴλ ἐν τῇ Βαβυλωνίᾳ καμίνῳ ἀποτεθέντων ὑμνεῖν καὶ ὑπερυψοῦν τὸν θεὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὰ Χερουβὶμ καὶ ὁ θεϊκὸς θρόνος, ὃ ἐνταῦθα νοεῖται τὰ Σεραφίμ, δοξάζει ἅτε ὄντα καὶ αὐτὰ μέρος τῆς κτίσεως. ἔφασαν γὰρ οἱ αὐτοί· «εὐλογήμενος εἶ, ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῶν Χερουβίμ,» καὶ πάλιν ἀντὶ τοῦ μνημονεῦσαι τῶν Σεραφίμ· «καὶ εὐλογημένος εἶ ἐπὶ θρόνου τῆς βασιλείας σου, καὶ ὑπερύμνητος καὶ ὑπερυψούμενος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.» ὁμοίως καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ∆αυίδ, ἐνεργουμένου ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, ἐν ρβʹ καὶ ἐν ρμηʹ ψαλμῷ παρακελεύεται ἡ κτίσις αἰνεῖν τὸ κύριον. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὡς καὶ ὁ υἱός, οὐ συνεμνημονεύθη, ἐπειδὴ καὶ αὐτὸ οὐ δημιούργημα, ἀλλὰ δημιουργός· οὐδὲ τῶν ὑμνούντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑμνουμένων καὶ ὑπ' αὐτῶν τῶν Σεραφίμ ἐστιν τῶν σὺν πολλῷ φόβῳ περιεστώτων τὸ θεϊκὸν βῆμα καὶ συγκαλυπτόντων ταῖς πτέρυξιν ἑαυτὰ καὶ ἀμοιβαδὸν ἀνταναφωνούντων ἀσιγήτοις στόμασιν καὶ ἀκαταπαύστῳ φωνῇ τρίτον «ἅγιος» διὰ τὰς τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις, ἅπαξ «κύριος» διὰ τὴν μίαν κυριότητα· ἅπερ, ὅτι μάλιστα δείκνυσιν τὴν θεότητα τοῦ πανυμνήτου πνεύματος. Μακεδονιανοὶ δέ, φυλαττόμενοι καὶ οἷον δεδοικότες, μὴ περὶ αὐτοῦ ἢ προσήκοντά ποτε λέγοντες ὀφθῶσιν ἢ ἀπρόσηκα προέμενοι λάθωσιν, ἐπιβαίνουσιν ἄνευ δίκης ἑαυτοῖς ἐπιτρέποντες καὶ τῷ
The Holy Spirit and the Angels§62
62Regarding this point, they say, moving all sorts of weapons against the uninstructed, and asserting snatchingly: 'Praise the Lord, for it is a good psalm; praise is sweet to God,' (Ps 146:1) and 'It is good to confess to the Lord and to sing to your name, exalt.' (Ps 105:4) But nowhere do we find it written: 'Praise the Holy Spirit.'
One should answer them thus: if you accept regarding the Father the voices you have brought forward, you cast out the Son; but if regarding the Son, the opposite, then when the Holy Spirit is also called 'Lord' and it is written, and it is unclear regarding which hypostasis it is written now, 'Lord.' Consider then, whether you have not used things contrary to yourselves.
As for the Holy Spirit, because he is not a creature, it is easy to learn that he is co-praised with God, both from his being arranged with Him and from the exhortation to praise all creation by name, both the three children and the psalmist; not, however, the Spirit of God, as the saints have a habit of naming. For if, as the heretics say, he is of a nature between God and angels, more honored and higher than all, it would have been necessary, since he is especially one, either to exhort him by himself to praise, or even to name him first and generally take up the others with him; not, however, as they arbitrarily imagine, the reverse, that he is named with the Father and the Son.
And regarding the heretical opposition: creation is not numbered with God. For what is common to that which exists in diminution compared to the All-Supreme and above all existing things in excess, or to the one who made it? But the all-venerable Spirit, as God, is named with the Father and the Son, as when the master gives the rule concerning baptism, and as when the apostle writes to the Corinthians the second thing: 'The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with all of you;' (2 Cor 13:13) or with one of them the hypostases; or even as a permanence, as is remembered in the first book mentioned.
From the intention of the outcast and rejected Valentinus, having become a Manichaean, and from his madly speaking with other absurd myth-making, the Macedonians say that the divine Spirit rushes toward the angels. Paul wrote to Timothy:
“I testify before God and the Lord Jesus Christ and the chosen angels.” But the Holy Spirit, as you perhaps appointed to the angels, was passed over in silence. From the abundance of their own heart, this is the concept.
For even if a memory of the Holy Spirit is not at times personally generated, it is taken up with God the Father, since it is His spirit by nature; that is, when God the Father Himself was not remembered by word, but by faithful thought, and the Son and the Holy Spirit were remembered, or vice versa. Whereas Valentinus, not being obligated to remember, called the sanctifying spirit “Paraclete,” just as the Lord Christ was called “Paraclete” from the sense of being called to one's side; but he called the sanctified ministers “angels.”
In addition to this: nowhere in Scripture do we find angels being remembered together with God for creation, or for mysticism, or for doxology. But regarding the communion of the Holy Spirit with the Divinity, Paul wrote to the Corinthians in the second epistle: “the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God the Father and the communion of the Holy Spirit” (2 Cor 13:13), and in others: “if any communion of the Spirit.”
Indeed, the Psalmist cries out with such words regarding the substitution of the unbegotten Word and the divine Spirit for the liturgical spirits, and the fact that there is no association of them, but rather by these self-existent hypostases and through them and by them, just as through God the Father, to create the angels and to bring all things to perfection and to sustain them: “By the word of the Lord the heavens were established, and by the spirit of his mouth all their powers” (Ps 33:6). For it must be understood that the “Word” is that through which all things, the “spirit of the mouth of the Lord” is the Holy Spirit, and the “powers of the heavens” are both their compositions and indeed the angels and principalities and authorities and powers. And again: “Who makes his angels spirits, and his ministers a flaming fire” (Ps 104:4).
And the Apostle also is conflicted toward them, crying out: “We were watered by one spirit” (1 Cor 12:13). Just as it is impossible for the radiance to be separated from the light, and the wisdom of the wise man—that is, the Son—from the Father; so also the Holy Spirit from Him, who is Spirit, as to us...
Greek · §62
κεφαλαίῳ τῷδε, ὅπλα παντοδαπὰ κινοῦντες τοὺς ἀκολάστους λόγους καὶ φάσκοντες συναρπακτικῶς γέγραπται, φησίν· «αἰνεῖτε τὸν κύριον, ὅτι ἀγαθὸν ψαλμός· τῷ θεῷ ἡδυνθείη αἴνεσις,» καί· «ἀγαθὸν τὸ ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ψαλλεῖν τῷ ὀνόματί σου, ὕψιστε.» οὐδαμοῦ δὲ δῆθεν εὑρίσκομεν· αἰνεῖτε τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. ἀπαντητέον δὲ αὐτοῖς οὕτως· εἰ περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς δέχεσθε, ἃς προεκομίσατε φωνάς, ἐκβάλλετε τὸν υἱόν· εἰ δὲ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ, τὸ ἐναντίον, ὁπότε καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα κύριός ἐστίν τε καὶ γέγραπται, καὶ ἄδηλον περὶ ποίας ὑποστάσεως γέγραπται νῦν τὸ «κύριος». σκοπεῖτε οὖν, εἰ μὴ τοὐναντίον ἑαυτοῖς ἐχρήσασθε. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ὅτι οὐχ ὑμνεῖ, ἐπειδὴ μὴ κτίσμα ἐστίν, συνυμνεῖται δὲ τῷ θεοῦ πνεῦμα ὑπάρχειν ῥᾷον καταμαθεῖν ἀπό τε τοῦ συντάττεσθαι αὐτῷ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τοὺς τρεῖς παίδας καὶ τὸν ἱεροψάλτην πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν κατ' ὄνομα ὑμνεῖν παρακελεύεσθαι, οὐ μὴν τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πνεῦμα, ὡς ἔχουσιν συνηθείας οἱ ἅγιοι ἐξονομάσαι. εἰ γάρ, ὡς φασὶν αἱρετικοί, μέσης θεοῦ καὶ ἀγγέλων φύσεώς ἐστιν καὶ τιμιώτερον καὶ ἀνωτέρω πάντων, ἔδει, ἐπειδὴ μάλιστα ἕν ἐστιν, ἢ καθ' ἑαυτὸ παρακελεύσασθαι αὐτὸ ἀνυμνεῖν, ἢ κἂν πρῶτον αὐτὸ ὀνομάσαι καὶ αὐτῷ τὰ ἄλλα γενικῶς συναναλαβεῖν· οὐ μήν, ὡς αὐθαδῶς εἰκάζουσιν, τὸ ἀνάπαλιν. 6.19ν ὅτι μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ συνονομάζεται. καὶ περὶ αἱρετικῆς ἀντιθέσεως. ἡ κτίσις οὐ συναριθμεῖται τῷ θεῷ. τί γὰρ καὶ κοινὸν τῇ οὔσῃ ἐν μειώσει πρὸς τὸν πάντων ὑπέρτατον καὶ ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ὄντα ὑπερβολήν, ἢ τῇ γενομένῃ πρὸς τὸν ποιήσαντα; τὸ δὲ πάντιμον πνεῦμα ὡς θεὸς ἢ μετὰ πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ συνονομάζεται, ὡς ὅταν ὁ δεσπότης τὸν περὶ τὸ βάπτισμα δίδωσιν ὅρον, καὶ ὡς ὅταν ὁ ἀπόστολος Κορινθίοις τὸ δεύτερον γράφῃ· «ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν·» ἢ μετὰ μιᾶς αὐτῶν ὑποστάσεως· ἢ καὶ καταμονάς, καθὰ ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ εἴρηται βιβλίῳ, μνημονεύεται. ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς προαιρέσεως τοῦ ἐξοβλήτου καὶ ἀπερριμμένου Οὐαλεντίνου τοῦ μανιχαΐσαντος καὶ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀτόποις μυθοπλάσμασιν μανιωδῶς εἰπόντος ἡλικιώτην τὸ θεϊκὸν πνεῦμα τοῖς ἀγγέλοις ὁρμώμενοι οἱ Μακεδονιανοὶ φασίν· Παῦλος Τιμοθέῳ ἔγραψεν· «διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐκ λεκτῶν ἀγγέλων·» τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὡς συντάξας δῆθεν τοῖς ἀγγέλοις, ἀπεσιώπησεν. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν τῆς ἰδίας ἡ ἔννοιά ἐστιν αὕτη. κἂν γάρ ποτε ἰδικῶς μὴ γένηται μνήμη τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, συναναλαμβάνεται τῷ θεῷ 65 πατρί, ἅτε πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ὄν, διά τοι τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτε ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς πατὴρ τῷ ῥήματι οὐκ ἐμνημονεύθη, ἀλλὰ τῇ πιστῇ διανοίᾳ, ὁ δὲ υἱὸς καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐμνημονεύθη, ἢ τὸ ἔμπαλιν. ὅπου γε μὴ ὀφείλων μνημονεύεσθαι Οὐαλεντῖνος τὸ μὲν ἁγιαστικὸν πνεῦμα «παράκλητον» ὠνόμασεν, ὡς καὶ ὁ δεσπότης Χριστὸς «παράκλητος» ἐκ τοῦ παρακαλεῖσθαι ἐκλήθη· τοὺς δὲ ἁγιαζομένους λειτουργοὺς προσηγόρευσεν «ἀγγέλους». πρὸς τούτοις· οὐδαμοῦ γραφῆς εἰς δημιουργίαν ἢ μυσταγωγίαν ἢ δοξολογίαν ἀγγέλους συμμνημονευομένους εὑρίσκομεν τῷ θεῷ. τοῦ δὲ ἁγίου πνεύματος κοινωνίαν πρὸς τὴν θεότητα ὁ Παῦλος Κορινθίοις ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ γέγραφεν ἐπιστολῇ· «ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος,» καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις· «εἴ τις κοινωνία πνεύματος.» ὁ γοῦν ἱεροψάλτης τὴν πρὸς τὰ λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα ἐξαλλαγὴν τοῦ ἀγενήτου λόγου καὶ τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος καὶ τὸ μὴ εἶναι τῆς ἐκείνων συστοιχίας, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτοτελῶν ὑποστάσεων τούτων καὶ δι' αὐτῶν καὶ δι' αὐτὰς ὡς καὶ διὰ τὸν θεὸν πατέρα καὶ ἐν αὐταῖς ἐκτίσθαι τοὺς ἀγγέλους καὶ τὰ πάντα τελειοῦσθαι καὶ διακρατεῖσθαι βοᾷ ῥήμασι τοιοῖσδε· «τῷ λόγῳ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν, καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν.» νοητέον γὰρ «λόγον» τὸν δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα, «πνεῦμα στόματος κυρίου» τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, «δυνάμεις οὐρανῶν» αὐτάς τε τὰς συστάσεις αὐτῶν, καὶ μέντοι ἀγγέλους καὶ ἀρχὰς καὶ ἐξουσίας καὶ δυνάμεις. καὶ πάλιν· «ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πῦρ φλέγον.» διαπληκτίζεται δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ ὁ ἀπόστολος, κράζων· «ἓν πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν.» ὡς γὰρ τὸ ἀπαύγασμα χωρισθῆναι ἀμήχανον τοῦ φωτός, καὶ τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ σοφοῦ, τουτέστιν τὸν υἱὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρός· οὕτως καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἀπ' ἐκείνου, οὗ ἐστιν πνεῦμα, ὡς ἡμῖν ὃ
The Holy Spirit as Living Water§63
63We breathe. Therefore they hid themselves as through whom we are unseasonably not being gathered together, and the one in the beginning returns to the unchangeable home. Because they have leapt away, they drive things against the apostle, on account of his testifying in the words lying before him in the presence of the created nature and the creature, similarly to how one says: 'I have sinned against God and men,' and: 'I testify today the heaven and the earth,' and: 'Hear, O heaven, and be attentive, O earth.'
That because it participates, as in essence, so also in the names, the creation has no participation in the names toward those called names upon God, just as in the nature. But the Holy Spirit participates in the names of God because he also participates in the nature, except that the Father alone is called 'Father', because of being the only hypostasis to beget, and the Son 'Son' and not Father of a created nature, because of having been truly begotten but not having been begotten. Just as whenever the Scripture names even the Spirit itself 'Lord', as master of all and participating in the one kingdom with the Father and the Son; 'Holy', as being holy by nature and as sanctifying the creation; 'Incorruptible', 'Good', 'Love', 'Wisdom', 'Understanding', just as he also has characterized God; 'Power', from which he strengthens; 'Just', from which he justifies, being self-righteous; 'Paraclete', just as the Son; 'Fire', from which he appeared to the apostles in tongues of fire, just as Moses says concerning the Father: 'Our God is a consuming fire,' and concerning the Son John says: 'He will baptize you in the Holy Spirit and fire,' and so many such things.
That he is one and not many, like the creatures. The creation does not have anything existing in one hypostasis, that is, in one person. For angels and archangels are many, the seraphim likewise, the cherubim are not one thing; principalities and powers are said, dominions and thrones; heavens in the plural, men and the rest of the creatures. For the sun and the moon participate in the multitude of the stars both in nature and in the fire-like form, as the first more actively encompasses this, as the word explains. But the Holy Spirit, as not being numbered among the creation, the words have made it clear to us that he is one and the same. That because of being consubstantial and without beginning, it has been written to be the water of life.
Having proceeded from the paternal source. Creation is not written to be the water of life, for it did not possess eternal life from itself, unlike the unoriginated, living God.
But the holy Spirit—as the preachers to be mentioned in the footnotes say—is this being one proceeding naturally from the undying and life-giving paternal source, not being created. Just as in the first word we said that light does not create its own radiance but begets it, so it is here: the source does not create the water from itself, but it has it proceeding and being consubstantial; for no one is the creator of himself, or of a son, or of a spirit, since he would no longer be a father, nor possess a spirit.
Jeremiah, in the person of God, says: 'The heavens were out of joint at this, and the earth trembled at this: because my people have done two evil things. They have forsaken me, the fountain of living water, and have hewn for themselves broken cisterns, which cannot hold water' (Jeremiah 2:12). The prophet mystically sets forth the mystery. For he called God 'a fountain' and called the holy Spirit 'living water,' who in the baptismal pool cleanses all our sins, being unable to be split apart by the nature of the intellectual fountain, just as a stream from fountains cannot.
Isaiah says similarly: 'I will give water in thirst to those going in no-water; I will pour my spirit upon your seed and my blessings upon your children; and they shall rise up in the midst of water like grass, and like a willow tree beside running water' (Isaiah 44:3). And this contains an intellectual division through hidden things. For those in ignorance, he says, happen to receive the baptism, and because of this, 'those going in no-water,' 'I will pour my spirit' is able to make the baptismal pool overflow upon them like the sprouts of plants, and: 'like the tree planted by the outlets of the waters; which will give its fruit in its season, and its leaf will not wither' (Psalm 1:3).
And the Psalmist, doing what is necessary to make the truth apparent through words, recalls in one psalm: 'for with you is the fountain of life' (Psalm 36:9), and in another: 'he sends his word and shows them; he sends his spirit and waters flow, rejoicing the great city of God' (Psalm 147:15); and this is the whole inhabited world. For so that I may say, that which for men is each city, this for the Pantokrator is...
Greek · §63
ἀναπνέομεν. ἔλαθον τοίνυν ἑαυτοὺς ὡς δι' ὧν ἀκαίρως ἡμῖν οὐ συντίθενται καὶ εἰς τὸν ἀκατάσειστον οἶκον ἐπάνεισιν τὸν ἐν ἀρχαῖς. ὅθεν ἀπεπήδησαν, πράγματα πλέκουσι τῷ ἀποστόλῳ, αὐτῶν ἕνεκα διαμαρτυραμένῳ ἐν τοῖς ἐγκειμένοις αὐτοῦ ῥήμασιν ἐνώπιον τῆς ἀκτίστου φύσεως καὶ τῆς κτιστῆς, παραπλησίως πως τοῦ εἰπόντος· «ἥμαρτον τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις,» καί· «διαμαρτύρομαι σήμερον τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν,» καί· «ἄκουε, οὐρανέ, καὶ ἐνωτίζου, γῆ.» 6.20ν ὅτι κοινωνεῖ, ὡς τῇ οὐσίᾳ, οὕτως καὶ τοῖς ὀνόμασιν, τῷ θεῷ πνεύματι καὶ τῷ μονογενεῖ αὐτοῦ υἱῷ ἡ κτίσις ἀκοινώτητα ἔχει τὰ ὀνόματα πρὸς τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ θεοῦ λεγόμενα ὀνόματα, ὡς καὶ τὴν φύσιν. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα κοινωνεῖ τοῖς ὀνόμασι τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ τὸ καὶ τῇ φύσει κοινωνεῖν, πλὴν ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ μόνος καλεῖται «πατήρ», διὰ τὸ μόνον ὑποστάσει γεννῆσαι, καὶ ὁ υἱὸς «υἱὸς» καὶ οὐ πατὴρ ἀκτίστου φύσεως, διὰ τὸ ἀληθῶς γεννηθῆναι μέν, μὴ γεννῆσαι δέ. ὡς ἡνίκα ἡ γραφὴ ὀνομάζει καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα «κύριον», ὡς πάντων δεσπόζον καὶ κοινωνοῦν τῆς μιᾶς βασιλείας τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ· «ἅγιον», ὡς αὐτὸ φύσει ἅγιον καὶ ὡς τὴν κτίσιν ἁγιάζον· «ἄφθαρτον», «ἀγαθόν», «ἀγάπην», «σοφίαν», «σύνεσιν», ὡς καὶ τὸν θεὸν προσηγόρευσεν· «δύναμιν» ἀφ' ὧν ἐνδυναμοῖ· «δίκαιον», ἀφ' ὧν δικαιοῖ, αὐτοαναμάρτητον ὑπάρχον· «παράκλητον», ὡς καὶ τὸν υἱόν· «πῦρ», ἀφ' ὧν ὤφθη τοῖς ἀποστόλοις πυρίναις γλώσσαις, καθὰ περὶ μὲν τοῦ πατρὸς λέγει Μωυσῆς· «ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον,» περὶ δὲ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἰωάννης· «αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί,» καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα. 6.21ν ὅτι ἕν ἐστιν καὶ οὐ πολλά, ὡς τὰ κτίσματα. ἡ κτίσις οὐδὲν ἔχει ἐν μιᾷ ὑποστάσει ἤτοι ἐν ἑνὶ προσώπῳ ὑπάρχον. καὶ γὰρ ἄγγελοι καὶ ἀρχάγγελοι πολλοί, τὰ σεραφὶμ ὁμοίως, τὰ χερουβὶμ οὐχ ἕν τί ἐστιν, ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι εἴρηνται, δυνάμεις καὶ κυριότητες καὶ θρόνοι· πληθυντικῶς οὐρανοί, ἄνθρωποι καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ποιήματα. κοινωνεῖ γὰρ καὶ ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἄστρων τῇ τε φύσει καὶ τῷ πυροειδεῖ, ὡς ἐξεργαστικώτερον ὁ πρῶτος τοῦτο 66 περιέσχεν λόγος. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὡς μὴ ἐναρίθμιον τῇ κτίσει, ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ εἶναι τὰ λόγια ἡμῖν προσανεφώνησεν. 6.22ν ὅτι διὰ τὸ ὁμοούσιον καὶ ἄναρχον γέγραπται εἶναι ὕδωρ ζωῆς ἐκ τῆς πατρικῆς πηγῆς ἐκπορευθέν. ἡ κτίσις οὐ γέγραπται εἶναι ὕδωρ ζωῆς· οὐ γὰρ ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς ἔσχεν ἀειζωίαν, ὡς ὁ ἀνάρχως ζῶν θεός. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦτο εἶναι εὐφημοῦσιν οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὑπογεγραμμένοις μνημονευθησόμενοι ἱεροκήρυκες, ὡς ἐκ τῆς ἀθανάτου καὶ φυσιζώου πατρικῆς πηγῆς συμφυῶς ἐκπορευόμενον, οὐχὶ κτιζόμενον. καθάπερ γὰρ ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ εἴπομεν λόγῳ, ὅτι τὸ φῶς οὐ γενεσιουργεῖ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ αὐγήν, ἀλλὰ γεννᾷ, οὕτως ἐνταῦθα, ὅτι ἡ πηγὴ οὐ γενεσιουργεῖ τὸ ἐξ αὐτῆς ὕδωρ, ἀλλ' ἐκπορευόμενον ἔχει καὶ ὁμοούσιον οὐδεὶς γὰρ τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ἢ υἱοῦ ἢ πνεύματος γενεσιουργός ἐστιν· ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι πατήρ, οὔτε πνεῦμα ἔχων. Ἰερεμίας ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ· «ἐξέστη ὁ οὐρανὸς ἐπὶ τούτῳ, καὶ ἔφριξεν ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἡ γῆ· ὅτι δύο καὶ πονηρὰ ἐποίησεν ὁ λαός μου. ἐμὲ ἐγκατέλιπον πηγὴν ὕδα τος ζῶντος, καὶ ὤρυξαν ἑαυτοῖς λάκκους συντετριμμένους, οἳ οὐ δυνήσονται ὕδωρ συνέχειν.» τὸ μυστήριον ὁ προφήτης μυστηρικῶς ἐκτίθεται. εἶπεν γὰρ «πηγὴν» τὸν θεόν, «ὕδωρ» δὲ «ζῶν» τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, τὸ ἐν τῇ κολυμβήθρᾳ πάσας ἡμῶν ἐκκαθαῖρον τὰς ἁμαρτίας, τὸ διασπασθῆναι τῇ φύσει τῆς νοητῆς πηγῆς μὴ δυνάμενον, ὡς καὶ τὸ ἐκ πηγῶν ῥεῖθρον. Ἠσαῖας ὁμοίως· «ἐγὼ δώσω ὕδωρ ἐν δίψῃ τοῖς πορευομένοις ἐν ἀνύδρῳ· ἐπιθήσω τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπὶ τὸ σπέρμα σου καὶ τὰς εὐλογίας μου ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα σου· καὶ ἀνατελοῦσιν ἀνὰ μέσον ὕδατος ὡς χόρτος, καὶ ὡς ἰτέα ἐπὶ παραρρέον ὕδωρ.» καὶ τοῦτο διὰ κρυφίων ἔχει νοητὴν διαίρεσιν. τοῖς γὰρ ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ, φησίν, τυγχάνουσιν τοῦ βαπτίσματος καὶ διὰ τοῦτο «πορευομένοις ἐν ἀνύδρῳ» «ἐπιθήσω τὸ πνεῦμά μου» τὸ ποιῆσαι δυνάμενον τὴν κολυμβήθραν ἀναθῆλαι αὐτοὺς ὡς τὰ φίλυδρα τῶν φυτῶν, καὶ· «ὡς τὸ ξύλον τὸ πεφυτευμένον παρὰ τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὑδάτων· ὃ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ δώσει ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ φύλλον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀπορρυήσεται.» καὶ ὁ ἱεροψάλτης τὸ ἀληθὲς τῷ πράγματι ἀφανές πως τῷ λόγῳ διὰ τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ποιῶν ἀναμέλπει ἐν μὲν λεʹ ψαλμῷ· «ὅτι παρὰ σοὶ πηγὴ ζωῆς,» ἐν δὲ ρμζʹ· «ἐξαποστελεῖ τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ καὶ τήξει αὐτά· πνεύσει τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ῥυήσεται ὕδατα εὐφραίνοντα τὴν πόλιν τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν μεγάλην·» αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ πᾶσα οἰκουμένη. ἵνα οὕτως γὰρ εἴπω, ὅπερ ἀνθρώποις ἐστὶν ἑκάστη πόλις, τοῦτο παντοκράτορι ἡ
The Anointing and the Church§64
64unmade
It is said thus: 'Having been emptied of myrrh, a name is given to you; for this reason you loved the maidens.' The Paraclete says that 'myrrh' is the name of Christ, because both hypostases share in the name and in themselves they fragrance the nature of God and the Father. He says 'maidens' refers to the churches in which he is glorified, concerning which David also said in Psalm 68:25: 'Princes went before, following with singing, in the midst of maidens with timbrels and dancing.' He expresses it this way because of the loud outcry of faith and because they resound throughout all the earth through the readings and the psalmody.
And to each of them in the Canticles, the beautiful Bridegroom himself speaks most gently: 'Behold, my beloved is beautiful, behold, he is beautiful.' And again, a wedding song as he sings: 'Come from the frankincense, O bride; come from the frankincense; let her come and go from the beginning of faith.' Because we also receive an anointing in the renewal, John writes in the first epistle: 'And you have an anointing from the Holy One, and you know all things.' Just as, he says, the Savior is in the economy, so also 'you have an anointing from the Holy' Spirit.
And that this salvation-gift is provided to us by the blessed Trinity, they teach thus: Isaiah: 'And the Lord of Sabaoth will make for all the nations upon this mountain, they shall drink wine, they shall be anointed with myrrh upon this mountain. Deliver all these things to the nations.' For 'mountain' refers to the church of God because of the loftiness of faith, 'wine' to the lordly salvation-blood, and 'myrrh' to that by which, having been sanctified, we are anointed by the priest, as was foretold. John, in that same first epistle, concerning Christ: 'And you, the anointing which you received from him, remains in you; and you have no need that anyone should teach you, but as that same anointing teaches you concerning all things.' And Paul, in the second epistle to the Corinthians: 'He is the one confirming us with you in Christ, and anointing us, and sealing us, and giving the pledge of the Spirit in our hearts.'
7. On the divine energies and provisions of the Holy Spirit. Truly, most zealously, the divine and most sublime nature of the Holy Spirit which is above life and above mind; the words having demonstrated its nature and its...
Greek · §64
οἰκουμένη. Βαροὺχ ἀποκλαιόμενος τὸν λαὸν ὄντα ἐν γῇ Χαλδαίων τῶν πνεῦμα ἅγιον μὴ ἐχόντων βοᾷ. «τί σοί ἐστιν, Ἰσραήλ, ὅτι ἐν γῇ τῶν ἐχθρῶν εἶ;: ἐπαλαιώθης ἐν γῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ, συνεμιάνθης τοῖς νεκροῖς, προσελογίσθης μετὰ τῶν εἰς Ἅιδου. ἐγκατέλιπες πηγὴν τῆς σοφίας· τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰ ἐπορεύθης, κατῴκεις ἂν ἐν εἰρήνῃ τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον·» «πηγὴν» τὸν θεόν, «σοφίαν» τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα λέγων. Ἰωάννης ἀπὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ πρὸς τὴν Σαμαρίτιδα. «εἰ ᾔδεις τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ λέγων σοι· δός μοι πιεῖν, σὺ ἂν ᾔτησας αὐτόν, καὶ ἔδωκεν ἄν σοι ὕδωρ ζῶν·» τῆς κολυμβήθρας τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος τὰ ἀθάνατα νάματα λέγων. ὅτι γὰρ πάντα ταῦτα περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ εἴρηται, ὃ μνημονευθεὶς εὐαγγελιστὴς ἡρμήνευσεν ἐπὶ λέξεως· τοῦ γὰρ σωτῆρος εἰπόντος· «εἴ τις διψᾷ, ἐρχέσθω πρὸς μὲ καὶ πινέτω. ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ γραφή, ποταμοὶ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος,» εὐθὺς ἐπήγαγεν· «τοῦτο δὲ εἶπεν περὶ τοῦ πνεύματος, οὗ ἔμελλον λαμβάνειν οἱ πιστεύσαντες εἰς αὐτόν.» 6.23ν ὅτι τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι ἐχρίσθη ὁ σωτήρ· οὐκ ἂν δὲ εἰ κτίσμα ἦν, τῷ ἰδίῳ ἐχρίσατο ποιήματι ὁ ἄκτιστος; καὶ ὅτι καὶ ἡμεῖς χρῖσμα ἔχομεν αὐτοῦ. ἡ κτίσις ἐλαίῳ κτιστῷ ἁγιαζομένῳ βαπτίσματι χρίεται. ὁ σωτήρ, ὡς θεὸς, τῷ συνακτίστῳ αὐτοῦ ἐχρίσατο παναγίῳ πνεύματι παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους ἡμᾶς. εἰ γὰρ κτίσμα ἦν, οὐκ ἂν τῷ ἰδίῳ ἐχρίσατο ποιήματι ὁ ἄκτιστος; μάρτυρες δὲ οἱ ὑπογεγραμμένοι· Ἠσαῖας ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος λέγων· «πνεῦμα κυρίου 67 ἐπ' ἐμέ, οὗ εἵνεκεν ἔχρισέ με·» ∆αυὶδ δέ· «διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέν σε ὁ θεός, ὁ θεός σου ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου.» διὰ τοῦτο ποῖον; ἐπειδὴ θεὸς ἀχειροποίητος ὢν ὑπὸ θεοῦ ἀκτίστου ἀνάρχου ἐχρίσθη. εἶπεν δὲ τὸ «ὁ θεός σου» διὰ τὴν ἐκ παρθένου γέννησιν αὐτοῦ. Πέτρος ἐν ταῖς πράξεσιν· «ὑμεῖς ἐπίστασθε τὸ γενόμενον ῥῆμα καθ' ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Σαμαρείας, ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα, ὃ ἐκή ρυξεν Ἰωάννης· Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἀπὸ Ναζαρέθ, ὡς ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεὸς πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ δυνάμει·» αἱ Πράξεις· «συνήχθησαν ἐπ' ἀληθείας ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ, ἐπὶ τὸν ἅγιον παῖδα σου Ἰησοῦν, ὃν ἔχρισας.» καὶ τὰ Ἄισματα δὲ περὶ τούτου ὑφηγεῖται οὑτωσί· «μύρον ἐκκενωθὲν ὄνομά σοι· διὰ τοῦτο νεάνιδες ἠγάπησάν σε.» «μύρου» ὄνομα εἶναι τῷ Χριστῷ λέγει τὸ τοῦ παρακλήτου· ἐπειδὴ ἄμφω αἱ ὑποστάσεις τοῦ τε ὀνόματος κοινωνοῦσιν καὶ ἐν ἑαυταῖς τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς εὐωδιάζουσιν φύσιν. «νεανίδας» δὲ τὰς ἐκκλησίας λέγει, ἐν αἷς δοξάζεται, περὶ ὧν καὶ ∆αυὶδ ἐν ξζʹ εἶπεν ψαλμῷ· «προέφθασαν ἄρχοντες, ἐχόμενοι ψαλλόντων, ἐν μέσῳ νεανίδων τυμπα νιστριῶν·» οὕτω φράσας διὰ τὸ ἐκβόητον τῆς πίστεως καὶ διὰ τὸ ἠχεῖν αὐτὰς εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν τοῖς ἀναγνώσμασιν καὶ ταῖς ψαλμῳδίαις. πρὸς ἑκάστην δὲ αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἄισμασι καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ ὡραῖος τῷ κάλλει νυμφίος σωφρόνως προσλαλεῖ· «ἰδοὺ εἶ καλὴ ἡ πλησίον μου, ἰδοὺ εἶ καλή.» καὶ πάλιν ἐπιθαλάμιον ὥσπερ ᾄδει· «δεῦρο ἀπὸ λιβάνου, νύμφη· δεῦρο ἀπὸ λιβάνου· ἐλεύσῃ καὶ διελεύσῃ ἀπὸ ἀρχῆς πίστεως.» ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς χρῖσμα δεχόμεθα ἐν τῷ ἀνακαινισμῷ, Ἰωάννης γράφει ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «καὶ ὑμεῖς χρῖσμα ἔχετε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου καὶ οἴδατε πάντα.» ὥσπερ, φησίν, ἐν τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ ὁ σωτήρ, καὶ «ὑμεῖς χρῖσμα ἔχετε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου» πνεύματος. καὶ τοῦτο δὲ τὸ σωτήριον δῶρον κοινῇ ὑπὸ τῆς μακαρίας τριάδος ἡμῖν παρεσχῆσθαι, διδάσκουσιν οὕτως· Ἠσαῖας· «καὶ ποιήσει κύριος Σαβαὼθ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο, πίονται οἶνον, χρίσονται μύρον ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ. παράδος ταῦτα πάν τα τοῖς ἔθνεσιν.» «ὄρος» γὰρ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ τὸ ὑψηλὸν τῆς πίστεως, «οἶνον» τὸ δεσποτικὸν σωτήριον αἷμα, «μύρον», ὃ ἁγιασθέντες ἀλειφόμεθα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἱερέως προανεφώνησεν. Ἰωάννης ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ· «καὶ ὑμεῖς τὸ χρῖσμα, ὃ ἐλάβετε ἀπ' αὐτοῦ, μένει ἐν ὑμῖν· καὶ οὐ χρείαν ἔχετε, ἵνα τις διδάσκῃ ὑμᾶς, ἀλλ' ὡς τὸ αὐτοῦ χρῖσμα διδάσκει ὑμᾶς περὶ πάντων,» Παῦλος δὲ ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ πρὸς Κορινθίους· «ὁ δὲ βεβαιῶν ἡμᾶς σὺν ὑμῖν εἰς Χριστόν, καὶ χρίσας ἡμᾶς θεός, καὶ σφραγισάμενος ἡμᾶς, καὶ δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν.» 7.ν Περὶ τῶν θεϊκῶν ἐνεργειῶν καὶ παροχῶν τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Ἄγαν τοίνυν φιλοτίμως τὴν θεῖαν καὶ ἀκροτάτην τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος φύσιν τὴν οὖσαν ὑπὲρ ζωὴν καὶ ὑπὲρ νοῦν· τὰ λόγια ἐπιδείξαντα ἐφάμιλλον αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν
The Life-Giving Power of the Spirit and the Unity of Divinity§65
65The divine energy does not manifest itself in such a way as a life-giving spirit, which is God's inherent substance that gives life to all things, according to Paul, the trumpet of faith, writing to the Romans: 'for the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set me free from the law of sin and death' (Romans 8:2); and again: 'he who raised Jesus Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his indwelling Spirit in you' (Romans 8:11); and to the Corinthians: 'not that we are sufficient to consider anything as being from ourselves; but our sufficiency is from God, who has made us ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter, but of the spirit. For the letter kills, but the spirit gives life' (2 Corinthians 3:6). By 'letter' he said the Mosaic law, which forbids: 'eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth' (Exodus 21:24) and defends against the lawless living; but the Holy Spirit of God is life-giving, having made us no longer under law, but under grace, and having guaranteed not to fail, to give 'evil for evil,' but rather good for evil. 'If,' he says, 'your enemy hungers, feed him'; and again to the same: 'the first Adam became a living soul, the last Adam a life-giving spirit' (1 Corinthians 15:45); and to the Galatians: 'he who sows into the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life' (Galatians 6:8); and according to John, saying from the Savior: 'it is the Spirit that gives life' (John 6:63). Ezekiel himself declares this very thing, and prophesies that with God, as His Spirit, He will perform the resurrection: 'thus says the Lord to these dry bones: behold, I am bringing into you a spirit of life, and I will cause nerves to come upon you, and I will cause flesh to rise upon you, and I will stretch skin over you, and I will give my Spirit upon you, and you shall live and you shall know that I am the Lord' (Ezekiel 37:12-14). Therefore, the essential life and the life-giving power has neither beginning nor end nor alteration; and do not let this fall to these by nature and truth of God.
For which is it, even as those things which are apart from the God and Father are possessed by inheritance. For no created thing can be a cause of life or show life in itself; but all things deprived of the divine Spirit are dead; 'for in him we live and move and are,' as the apostolic acts said (Acts 17:28). And indeed, if all things that come into being and are perishable, and those things which are perishing, remain without life: how could he grant these things to others, of which he himself becomes lacking? We are therefore made alive by the Holy Spirit, just as by him who said: 'I am the resurrection and the life' (John 11:25).
It has been written that because of the identity of divinity and the equal energy, as he raised Christ, who suffered in the flesh through us, sometimes the Father, sometimes himself, sometimes the Holy Spirit. And according to the heretical exposition: that because of the identity of divinity and the one energy, the scriptures say, as he raised Jesus Christ according to the form of a servant, sometimes the Father, sometimes himself, sometimes the Holy Spirit; but the actions are not so: 'God raised this one on the third day' (Acts 2:24), as John says from the Savior: 'destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up. But he was speaking about the temple of his own body' (John 2:19-21); and again: 'I lay down my soul, so that I may take it again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down myself. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it again' (John 10:17-18). Peter in the first epistle says: 'Christ died once for sins on our behalf, the righteous for the unrighteous, so that he might bring us to God; having been put to death in the flesh, but having been made alive in the spirit' (1 Peter 3:18).
That he creates and raises from the dead. In the same way, that he who created is to sanctify is more necessary than the creating. And according to the heretical exposition: that the great creation creates man and raises from the dead and makes alive and returns to heaven and renewed the earth which had been corrupted by human lawlessness.
Greek · §65
κηδεμονικωτάτην ἔνθεον ἐνέργειαν ἐκφαίνει οὑτωσί· 7.1ν ὅτι ζωοποιεῖ ὅτι ζωοποιεῖ, ὡς πνεῦμα ὑπάρχον τοῦ ζωογονοῦντος τὰ πάντα θεοῦ, κατὰ Παῦλον τὴν σάλπιγγα τῆς πίστεως, γράφοντα Ῥωμαίοις μέν· «ὁ γὰρ νόμος τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ἠλευθέρωσέν με ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου·» καὶ πάλιν· «ὁ ἐγείρας Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν, ζωοποιήσει καὶ τὰ θνητὰ ὑμῶν σώματα, διὰ τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος αὐτοῦ πνεύματος ἐν ὑμῖν·» Κορινθίοις δέ· «οὐχ ὅτι ἱκανοί ἐσμεν ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν λογίσασθαί τι, ὡς ἐξ ἑαυτῶν· ἀλλ' ἡ ἱκανότης ἡμῶν ἐκ θεοῦ, ὃς καὶ ἱκάνωσεν ἡμᾶς διακόνους καινῆς διαθήκης, οὐ γράμματος, ἀλλὰ πνεύματος. τὸ γὰρ γράμμα ἀπο κτείνει, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ζωοποιεῖ.» γράμμα δὲ εἶπεν τὸν Μωσαϊκὸν νόμον, τὸν διαγορεύοντα· «ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος» καὶ ἀμυνόμενον τὸν ἀσυνέτως βιοτεύοντα· 68 ζωοποιὸν δὲ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸ μηκέτι ὑπὸ νόμον, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ χάριν ἡμᾶς ποιῆσαν καὶ παρεγγυῆσαν μὴ ἀποδοῦναι· «κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ», μᾶλλον δὲ ἀγαθὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ παρασχεῖν. «ἐάν», γὰρ φησίν, «πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, χόρτασον αὐτόν·» καὶ πάλιν τοῖς αὐτοῖς· «ἐγένετο ὁ πρῶτος Ἀδὰμ εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν, ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζωοποιοῦν·» Γαλάταις δέ· «ὁ σπείρων εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα, ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος θερίσει ζωὴν αἰώνιον·» καὶ κατὰ Ἰωάννην λέγοντα ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος· «τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν τὸ ζωοποιοῦν.» αὐτὸ δὴ τοῦτο δηλῶν Ἰεζεκιήλ, καὶ ὅτι σὺν τῷ θεῷ, ὡς πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ, τὴν ἀνάστασιν ποιήσει, προφητεύει· «τάδε λέγει κύριος τοῖς ὀστέοις τοῖς ξηροῖς τούτοις· ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ εἰσάγω εἰς ὑμᾶς πνεῦμα ζωῆς, καὶ δώσω ἐφ' ὑμᾶς νεῦρα, καὶ ἀνάξω ἐφ' ὑμᾶς σάρκας, καὶ ἐκτενῶ ἐφ' ὑμᾶς δέρμα, καὶ δώσω ἐφ' ὑμᾶς τὸ πνεῦμά μου, καὶ ζήσεσθε καὶ γνώσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος.» ἡ οὖν οὐσιωδῶς ζωὴ καὶ ἡ ζωοποιὸς δύναμις οὔτ' ἀρχὴν οὔτε πέρας οὔτ' ἀλλοίωσιν ἔχει· τὸ δὲ τούτοις μὴ ὑποπῖπτον φύσει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ θεός ἐστιν, ἅτε δὴ καὶ τὰ κατ' ἐξαίρετον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς οἴκοθεν κεκτημένον. οὐδὲν γὰρ κτιστὸν ζωῆς αἴτιον εἶναι ἢ ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ δεικνύναι δύναται· πάντα δὲ νεκρὰ τὰ τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος ἐστερημένα· «ἐν αὐτῷ γὰρ ζῶμεν καὶ κινούμεθα καὶ ἐσμέν,» ὡς ἔφασαν αἱ ἀποστολικαὶ πράξεις. καὶ γὰρ εἰ πάντα τὰ γινόμενα καὶ φθαρτά, τὰ δὲ φθειρόμενα στερεῖται ζωῆς ὑπομένοντα· πῶς ἂν ἄλλοις χαρίσαιτο ταῦτα, ὧν αὐτὰ γίνεται ἐνδεῆ; ζωοποιούμεθα δὴ οὖν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, ὡς καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ εἰπόντος· «ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή.» 7.2ν ὅτι διὰ τὴν ταυτότητα τῆς θεότητος καὶ τὴν ἴσην ἐνέργειαν γέγραπται, ὡς ἤγειρεν τὸν ἑκουσίως δι' ἡμᾶς παθόντα σαρκὶ Χριστὸν ποτὲ πατὴρ, ποτὲ αὐτὸς ἑαυτόν, ποτὲ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. καὶ κατὰ αἱρετικῆς ἐκθέσεως. ὅτι διὰ τὴν ταυτότητα τῆς θεότητος καὶ τὴν μίαν ἐνέργειαν λέγουσιν αἱ γραφαί, ὡς κατὰ τὴν τοῦ δούλου μορφὴν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἤγειρεν ποτὲ ὁ πατήρ, ποτὲ αὐτὸς ἑαυτόν, ποτὲ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα· οὑτωσὶ αἱ πράξεις· «τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς ἤγειρεν τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ·» Ἰωάννης ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος· «λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν. αὐτὸς δὲ ἔλεγεν περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ·» καὶ πάλιν· «ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτήν. ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι αὐτήν, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν.» Πέτρος ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ ἐπιστολῇ· «Χριστὸς ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀπέθανεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων, ἵνα ἡμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ θεῷ· θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι.» 7.3ν ὅτι δημιουργεῖ καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρει. ἐν ταὐτῷ, ὅτι τὸ ἁγιάσαι δημιουργῆσαί ἐστιν καὶ ἀναγκαιότερον τοῦ δημιουργῆσαι. καὶ κατὰ αἱρετικῆς ἐκθέσεως. ὅτι δημιουργεῖ τὸ μέγα κτίσμα τὸν ἄνθρωπον καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρει καὶ ζωοποιεῖ καὶ εἰς οὐρανὸν ἐπιστρέφει καὶ συγκαταρρυεῖσαν ταῖς ἀνθρωπίναις ἀνομίαις τὴν γῆν ἀνεκαίνισε
The Image and Likeness in the Trinity§66
66Again, the Holy Spirit shone forth without effort and as if spontaneously, being a co-creator and equal-worker with the Creator God who established it from the beginning, as it is fitting for us to know, from which these things were declared: Job says, 'A divine spirit made me; and the breath of the Almighty teaches me' (Job 33:4). David says in Psalm 33: 'You send out your spirit and they are created, and you renew the face of the earth' (Ps 33:6). This is confirmed by the apostle writing to the Corinthians the second time: 'So if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old things have passed away, behold, all things have become new' (2 Cor 5:17). And in Psalm 77: 'By the word of the Lord the heavens were established, and by the spirit of his mouth all the powers of them' (Ps 77:9).
Do not let it pass by that these can be heard from the original sources; but see, because as a creator and good God, the Spirit of God, remaining for ever, provides a constant friendship to the creation and has bound it with unbreakable bonds and made it thrive. It is unshakeable and supports all things by its own power; and it is unlawful to call the one who creates a 'creation' or to call the creations the 'strengtheners' of God. For it is a fellow-worker and consubstantial with God, since it is his spirit and his finger, as it was shown in the first book, mystically representing in Psalm 84: 'For I shall see the heavens, the works of your fingers' (Ps 84:4).
And Moses says in Genesis, from God and Father toward the Son and his Holy Spirit: 'Let us make man according to our image and likeness, and let them rule over those on the earth' (Gen 1:26). For God did not take angels or other spirits as co-workers or counselors: 'Since the servant does not know what his master is doing' (Job 42:8). Nor is a creation ever found to have participated alongside God in creation, just as David sings in Psalm 77: 'He who formed the dwellings of their hearts' (Ps 77:12), and in Psalm 50: 'My bone was not hidden from you, you who made it in secret' (Ps 50:3). And as Paul writes to the Romans: 'For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has become his counselor?' (Rom 11:34); that is to say, no one of the creation. For this 'who' shows a breadth. And he showed to the one God not to say 'make,' but 'let us make,' as the Son and the Holy Spirit are not subordinates, but of one power and will; and to the other God to lead in 'according to our image and likeness,' as they are one essence in the...
Just as it is said not to angels, those who are unlearned and without comparison have a diminished 'image and likeness'—if it is safe to say this regarding the unutterable, formless, and unspeakable Trinity—the cosmographer therefore brought forward: 'And God made man; in the image of God he made him; male and female he made them; and he blessed them;' (Genesis 1:26-28) and again: 'God saw that it was good.' (Genesis 1:31) In these, the perfect, harmonious, beautiful, and overflowing nature of the self-existent and generating Trinity is again mystically signified through spoken words.
Since Moses did not consider these things worthy of a theater or a crowd—for God had thundered to him—of such things as those whom he was about to lead without transgression. For 'God' made them, that is, the Son, 'man in the image of God,' that is, of the Father, 'he made him, and God saw' (Genesis 1:31), that is, the Spirit, 'that it was good, and he blessed them,' that is, he sanctified them. And the 'in the image' part, as it seems to me, is to be understood: that from the divine breath we have the immortal Spirit and a mind always thinking and governing according to what is needed, and a wise reason pleasing to the One who gave it, and capable, along with faith, to become the cause of procreation and of life and of the resurrection of the dead and the translation of mountains; in addition to these, that we have also partaken of His goodness.
Furthermore, Paul, as it was said briefly: 'He will also give life to our mortal bodies through the Spirit who dwells in us.' (Romans 8:11) And announcing that the ages have come to be and the creation was established by the Holy Spirit, and the Spirit is the word of God, as has already been remembered, he writes, approaching the subject: 'By faith we understand that the worlds were prepared by the word of God, so that what is seen was not made out of things that are apparent' (Hebrews 11:3), and again: 'for he upholds all things by the word of his power' (Hebrews 1:3), and the Psalmist: 'You made all things in wisdom' (Psalm 104:24), that is, in your Spirit and in your Son. How then is the divine Spirit, inseparable from the One who breathed it and from the Creator's Son, not without beginning, and creator, and truly God: the one who constructed the ages, through whom both heaven and that which is in it and everything that is created was provided; and the one who carries and governs all things by his own power; the one who immediately...
Greek · §66
πάλιν καὶ ἀνέθαλψε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἄνευ πραγματείας καὶ οἷον αὐτομάτως, ἅτε συνδημιουργὸς καὶ ἰσουργὸς τοῦ ὑποστήσαντος αὐτὴν κατ' ἀρχὰς ἀρχιτέχνου θεοῦ, ὡς γνῶναι ἡμῖν ἐφίεται, ἐξ ὧν ἐξέφηναν οὗτοι· Ἰώβ· «πνεῦμα θεῖον τὸ ποιῆσάν με· πνοὴ δὲ παντοκράτορος, ἡ διδάσκουσά με.» ∆αυὶδ ἐν μὲν ργʹ ψαλμῷ· «ἐξαποστελεῖς τὸ πνεῦμα σου καὶ κτισθήσονται, καὶ ἀνακαινιεῖς τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς.» τοῦτο βεβαιοῖ ὁ ἀπόστολος γράφων Κορινθίοις τὸ δεύτερον· «ὥστε εἴ τις ἐν Χριστῷ, καινὴ κτίσις· τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν, ἰδοὺ γέγονε καινὰ τὰ πάντα.» ἐν δὲ λβʹ ψαλμῷ· «τῷ λόγῳ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν, καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στό ματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν» μὴ παραδράμῃς τὰ αὐτόθεν ἀκούεσθαι δυνάμενα· ἀλλ' ἴδε, ὅτιπερ–ὡς δημιουργὸς καὶ ἀγαθὸς θεός–μένον εἰς ἀεὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ φιλίαν μόνιμον τῇ κτίσει χορηγεῖ καὶ ἀλύτοις αὐτὴν ἔσφιγξε δεσμοῖς καὶ ἥδρασεν. ἀκατάσειστον καὶ πάντα τῇ ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμει στηρίζει· καὶ ὅτι ἀθέμιτόν ἐστι κτίσμα καλεῖν τὸ κτίζον καὶ ἐνδυναμοῦν τοῦ θεοῦ τὰ κτίσματα. συνεργὸν γὰρ καὶ 69 ὁμοούσιον αὐτὸ τῷ θεῷ ἅτε πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ καὶ δάκτυλον, ὡς ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἐδείχθη βιβλίῳ, μυστικῶς παριστῶν ἐν ηʹ ψαλμῷ προφητεύει· «ὅτι ὄψομαι τοὺς οὐρανούς, ἔργα τῶν δακτύλων σου.» καὶ Μωυσῆς δὲ ἐν τῇ γενέσει ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸ ἅγιον αὐτοῦ πνεῦμα φησίν· «ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν ἡμετέραν καὶ ἀρχέτω σαν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.» οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλους ἢ ἄλλα πνεύματα ἔλαβεν συγχειρουργοὺς ἢ γνωμοδότας ὁ θεός· «ἐπειδὴ ὁ δοῦλος οὐκ οἶδεν, τί ποιεῖ αὐτοῦ ὁ δεσπότης.» οὐδὲ εὑρίσκεται πώποτε εἰς δημιουργίαν συμπαραλαβὼν κτίσμα, καθὰ ∆αυὶδ ψάλλει ἐν λβʹ ψαλμῷ· «ὁ πλάσας καταμονὰς τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν,» καὶ ἐν ρληʹ· «οὐκ ἐκρύβη τὸ ὀστοῦν μου ἀπὸ σοῦ, ὃ ποίησας ἐν κρυφῇ.» καὶ ὡς Παῦλος Ῥωμαίοις γράφει· «τίς γὰρ ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου; ἢ τίς σύμβουλος αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο;» τουτέστιν, τῆς κτίσεως οὐδείς. πλάτος γὰρ ἔχον τὸ «τίς» τοῦτο προφαίνει. ἔδειξεν δὲ τῷ μὲν μὴ εἰπεῖν «ποιήσατε», ἀλλὰ «ποιήσωμεν», ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν ὑπουργὸς ὁ υἱὸς καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως καὶ θελήσεως μιᾶς· τῷ δὲ ἐπαγαγεῖν «κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν ἡμετέραν», ὡς μία ἐστὶν οὐσία τῇ τριάδι· καὶ ὡς οὐ πρὸς ἀγγέλους εἴρηται τοῦτο τοῖς ἀπείρως καὶ ἀσυνεικάστως ἔν μείω τὴν «εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν» ἔχουσιν εἰ ἀκίνδυνον τοῦτο, ὡς ἄνθρωπον, εἰπεῖν τῆς ἀνειδέου καὶ ἀσχηματίστου καὶ ἀρρήτου τριάδος, διὸ ἐπήγαγεν ὁ αὐτὸς κοσμογράφος· «καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον· κατ' εἰκόνα θεοῦ ἐποίησεν αὐτόν· ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτούς· καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτούς·» καὶ πάλιν· «εἶδεν ὁ θεός, ὅτι καλόν.» ἐν οἷς ῥητοῖς αὖθις τῆς αὐτοτελοῦς καὶ γενεσιουργοῦ τριάδος τὸ τέλειον καὶ σύμφωνον καὶ κοσμητικὸν καὶ ἐπίπαν ἄφθονον σημαίνεται μυστικῶς. ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα θεάτρων μὲν καὶ πλήθους ἄξια οὐχ ἡγήσατο εἶναι ὁ Μωυσῆς ἤγουν ὁ ἐνηχήσας αὐτῷ θεός· τοσούτων δέ, ὅσοι μὴ παρανομεῖν ἐς ταῦτα ἔμελλον. «ἐποίησεν» γὰρ «ὁ θεός», τουτέστιν ὁ υἱός, «τὸν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα θεοῦ», τουτέστιν τοῦ πατρός, «ἐποίησεν αὐτόν, καὶ εἶδεν ὁ θεός», τουτέστιν τὸ πνεῦμα «ὅτι καλόν, καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτούς», τουτέστιν ἡγίασεν. τὸ δὲ «κατ' εἰκόνα», ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, νοητέον, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ θεϊκοῦ φυσήματος τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἀθάνατον ἔχομεν καὶ νοῦν ἀεὶ θέοντα καὶ κυβερνῶντα ἐφ' ὃ χρή, καὶ λόγον σοφὸν ἀρέσκοντα τῷ δεδωκότι καὶ δυνάμενον σὺν πίστει τεκνογονίας αἴτιον γίνεσθαι καὶ ζωῆς καὶ νεκρῶν ἐγέρσεως καὶ ὀρέων μεταθέσεως· πρὸς τούτοις, ὅτι μετειλήφαμεν καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ ἀγαθότητος. εἶτα καὶ Παῦλος, ὡς μικρῷ πρόσθεν ἐλέχθη· «ζωοποιήσει καὶ τὰ θνητὰ ἡμῶν σώματα, διὰ τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος αὐτοῦ πνεύματος ἐν ἡμῖν.» καὶ Ἑβραίοις τοὺς αἰῶνας γεγενῆσθαι καὶ τὴν κτίσιν ἐστηρίχθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος καταγγέλλων καὶ ῥῆμα θεοῦ τὸ πνεῦμα, καθὰ ἤδη ἐμνημονεύθη, προσαγορεύων γράφει· «πίστει νοοῦμεν κατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας ῥήματι θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι,» καὶ πάλιν· «φέρων γὰρ τὰ πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ,» καὶ ὁ ψαλμῳδός· «πάντα ἐν σοφίᾳ ἐποίησας,» τουτέστιν ἐν τῷ πνεύματί σου καὶ τῷ υἱῷ σου. πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἄναρχον καὶ δημιουργὸν καὶ κυρίως θεὸς τὸ θεϊκὸν πνεῦμα τὸ ἀχώριστον τοῦ πνεύσαντος αὐτὸ καὶ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ υἱοῦ· τὸ τοὺς αἰῶνας κατασκευάσαν, μεθ' ὧν οὐρανός τε καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ πᾶν, εἴ τί ἐστιν κτιστὸν παρήχθη· καὶ πάντα τῇ ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμει φέρον τε καὶ διοικοῦν· τὸ παραυτίκα τοῦ
The Divinity of the Spirit and the Son§67
67To produce heaven, earth, and sea brought forth upon the water, which is both life-giving and sustaining, is his work?just as, because of what is said in Job concerning the Son, 'He who stretched out the heavens alone' (Job 9:8), the Father, from whom all things are and in whom all things consist, does not depart from creation, how else could these things be true? In the same way, one cannot drive out the Spirit of God—which is of wisdom, power, and holiness—to be a co-creator of God, a holy one.
And what greater proof could be found for this than that it renews and sanctifies in each one through baptism the Spirit of God, and calls back to the better and first form of life? This is also shown by the fact that it itself recalls, as the apostle says concerning those becoming fit through the new birth and enjoying the greatest of all things expected in every respect: 'that you might become according to the image of the one who created you' (2 Cor 3:18); and it also prophesies David in the Psalm: 'the people being created shall praise the Lord' (Ps 22:27). If it did not have a communion of essence, lordship, and energy with the Father and with the Son, 'through whom all things came to be' (John 1:3), it would not renew and sanctify.
Therefore, with the all-holy Spirit, Christ, after the resurrection, breathing into the faces of the disciples, was reclaiming and sanctifying what was corrupted by human disobedience, and said: 'Receive Holy Spirit' (John 20:22); fulfilling the prophecy of Nahum, which relates the thing happening as if already done, through the unbridled desire for the immeasurable beauty of the matter: 'The one who breathes into your face has ascended from the earth, and is lifting you out of tribulation' (Nah 1:15).
Because that it is to create and to sanctify, which the divine Spirit is accustomed to do, David testifies, singing: 'Create in me a clean heart, O God' (Ps 51:10), that is: sanctify me, so that I might be renewed, having been corrupted by sin; for how else could another heart be created for him? And he confirms this with: 'And a steadfast spirit establish within my innermost parts' (Ps 51:12), instead of: 'Provide me a spirit of your exceeding reverence, so that,' he says, 'being revealed pure through its sanctification, I might become worthy of your temple.' For from the oversight of Him alone and of your Son, O Lord, we receive the sound of all evils and remain firm in hope.
We become for all eternal good. For it is manifest to us that David asks for himself to be inaugurated; for how could that which was already his, a spirit coming upon him just now, be inaugurated? But even greater and more necessary is what the Scripture, knowing the difference between creating and sanctifying, says concerning Judas, the merciful one who lost his sanctification: 'It would have been good for him if that man had not been born' (Ps 132:13), for, he says, Judas did the most disadvantageous thing of all, and he gave the Lord for nothing and exchanged life for silver.
And indeed, concerning the economy of the slave form in the unutterable mystery, where John says: 'And the Word became flesh' (Jn 1:14), and Paul: 'He emptied himself, taking the form of a slave' (Phil 2:7), and Solomon said: 'Wisdom built herself a house' (Prov 9:1); and Matthew, because of the same divine nature and energy, set it out thus: 'Now the birth of Jesus Christ was thus: when his mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, before they came together, she was found having in her womb from the Holy Spirit' (Matt 1:18-25). And the archangel said: 'For that which is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit' (Lk 1:35), and again: 'The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore also the one being born will be called a holy Son of the Most High' (Lk 1:32).
It must be remembered, therefore, that because of heretical wanderings, the evangelist preordained the incarnation, then the birth. For dragging our scriptural proofs through the ground, they say mockingly as if in hypocrisy: 'Is the Christ then a Son of the Spirit?' Truly, not even hearing these things, nor that which was said by him to the apostles: 'You do not know of what Spirit the Son of Man is' (Mk 4:40).
If, therefore, since God the Father is true, for this reason also his energy is divine in every way and in all respects; since the energy of the Holy Spirit appears equal and similar to this, for this reason also he himself proves to be true God. And it would be appropriate to say the same concerning the Son. For if the energy of the Father is not inferior to that of the Son or the Spirit—for how at all does the Spirit or the Son work in us?—even if they bring a power that acts by hand, if they are dissimilar as the heretics say; if indeed the fullness of the Son and the Spirit is useful and salvific, the one will be in no way dissimilar.
Greek · §67
γενέσθαι οὐρανόν, γῆν, θάλατταν ἐπιφερόμενον ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος καὶ ζωογόνον καὶ ζωοτρόφον αὐτὸ ἀπεργαζόμενον; ὥσπερ γὰρ διὰ τὸ λέγειν ἐν τῷ Ἰὼβ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ· «ὁ τανύσας τὸν οὐρανὸν μόνος,» οὐκ ἀφιστᾷ μὲν τῆς δημιουργίας τὸν ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἐν ᾧ πάντα συνέστηκεν πατέρα πῶς γὰρ ἂν εἴη λοιπὸν ταῦτα ἀληθῆ;, οὕτως οὐδὲ τὸ τῆς σοφίας καὶ δυνάμεως καὶ ἁγιοσύνης πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξωθεῖν τοῦ εἶναι συνδημιουργὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ὅσιον. καὶ ποῖα δὲ εἰς τοῦτο μείζων ἀπόδειξις ἂν εὑρεθείη τοῦ ἐφ' ἑκάστης ἐν τῷ βαπτίσματι ἀνακαινίζειν καὶ ἁγιάζειν τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ 70 θεοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ κρεῖττον καὶ πρῶτον ἀνακαλεῖσθαι σχῆμα τοῦ βίου; τοῦτο γὰρ δηλοῖ καὶ τὸ συμμνημονεύεσθαι αὐτό, ὡς τὸν ἀπόστολον περὶ τῶν ἐκ παλιγγενεσίας ἀρτίων γενέσθαι καὶ τοῦ παρὰ πάντα μεγίστου κατορθώματος ἀπολαῦσαι προσδοκωμένων ἀναφωνεῖν· «ὅπως γένησθε κατ' εἰκόνα τοῦ κτίσαντος ὑμᾶς;» προφητεύειν δὲ καὶ τὸν ∆αυὶδ ἐν ραʹ ψαλμῷ· «λαὸς ὁ κτιζόμενος αἰνέσει τὸν κύριον.» εἰ μηδὲ κοινωνίαν οὐσίας καὶ κυριότητος καὶ ἐνεργείας εἶχεν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα καὶ πρὸς τὸν· «δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο» υἱόν, οὐκ ἂν ἀνακαίνιζεν καὶ ἡγίαζεν. διὸ σὺν τῷ παναγίῳ πνεύματι ὁ Χριστὸς μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τὸν φθαρέντα τῇ παρακοῇ ἄνθρωπον ἀνακτίζων καὶ ἁγιάζων ἐνέφυσα εἰς τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν μαθητῶν καὶ ἔλεγεν· «λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον·» πληρῶν τοῦ Ναοὺμ προφητείαν τὴν ὑπὸ ἀκατασχέτου πόθου τοῦ πρὸς τὸ ἄμετρον καλὸν τοῦ πράγματος τὸ γενησόμενον ὡς ἤδη πραττόμενον διηγουμένην· «ἀνέβη ἐκ τῆς γῆς ὁ ἐμφυσῶν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπόν σου, καὶ ἐξαιρούμενός σε ἐκ θλίψεως.» ὅτι δὲ κτίσαι ἐστὶν καὶ τὸ ἁγιάσαι, ὅπερ ποιεῖν πέφυκεν τὸ θεϊκὸν πνεῦμα, ∆αυὶδ μαρτυρεῖ, ψάλλων· «καρδίαν καθαρὰν κτίσον ἐν ἐμοί, ὁ θεός,» τουτέστιν· ἁγίασόν με, ἵν' ἀνακαινισθείην, καταφθαρεὶς τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ· ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν αὐτῷ ἑτέρα ἐκτίσθη καρδία; συμφράζει τε τούτῳ· «καὶ πνεῦμα εὐθὲς ἐγκαίνισον ἐν τοῖς ἐγκάτοις μου,» ἀντὶ τοῦ· τὸ πάντα ὑπερφέρον σεβάσμιόν σου πνεῦμα παράσχου μοι, ἵνα, φησίν, τῷ ἁγιασμῷ αὐτοῦ καθαρὸς ἀναφανείς, γένωμαι ναὸς αὐτοῦ ἄξιος. ἐκ γὰρ δὴ μόνης τῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ σου ἐπιστασίας καὶ αὐτός, δέσποτα, κατασημαίνῃ ἡμῖν καὶ πάντων ἄκος δεχόμεθα κακῶν καὶ ἐν ἐλπίσιν βεβαίαις παντὸς αἰωνίου γινόμεθα ἀγαθοῦ. ἐμφανὲς γὰρ ἡμῖν, ὅτι ∆αυὶδ αὐτὸ ἐξαιτεῖ ἐγκαινισθῆναι αὐτῷ· ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν τὸ ἤδη ὂν αὐτῷ πνεῦμα ὡς ἄρτι ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐνεκαινίζετο; ἀλλὰ καὶ μεῖζον καὶ ἀναγκαιότερον τὸ ἁγιάσαι τοῦ δημιουργῆσαι εἰδυῖα ἡ γραφὴ περὶ τοῦ ἀπολέσαντος τὸν ἁγιασμὸν ἐλεεινοῦ Ἰούδα εἶπεν· «καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ, εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος,» ἐπειδή, φησίν, ἁπάντων ἀσυμφορώτατον ἔπραξεν καὶ τὸν δεσπότην ἀντ' οὐδενὸς κακοῦ ἀπέδοτο καὶ τὴν ζωὴν ἀργυρίων ἠλλάξατο. καὶ δὴ καὶ περὶ τῆς ἐν τῇ ἀρρήτῳ οἰκονομίᾳ δουλικῆς μορφῆς, περὶ ἧς λέγει Ἰωάννης μέν· «καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο,» Παῦλος δέ· «ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν, μορφὴν δούλου λαβών,» ὁ μὲν Σολομὼν εἶπεν· «ἡ σοφία ᾠκοδόμησεν ἑαυτῇ οἶκον» ὁ δὲ Ματθαῖος διὰ τὸ ταὐτὸν τῆς θεϊκῆς φύσεως καὶ ἐνεργείας ἐξέθετο ὡδί· «τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ γέννησις οὕτως ἦν· μνηστευθείσης τῆς μη τρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας τῷ Ἰωσήφ, πρὶν ἢ συνελθεῖν αὐτούς, εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου.» καὶ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος δὲ ἔφη· «τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου,» καὶ πάλιν· «πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐλεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ δύναμις ὑψίστου ἑπισκιάσει σοι· διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον ἅγιον υἱὸς ὑψίστου κληθήσεται.» μνημονευτέον οὖν, ὅτι διὰ τὰς αἱρετικὰς ἀδολεσχίας γένεσιν προανέταξεν τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως ὁ εὐαγγελίστης, εἶτα γέννησιν. διασυρόντες γὰρ ἡμῶν τὰς γραφικὰς ἀποδείξεις, λέγουσιν πευστικῶς καθ' ὑπόκρισιν· υἱὸς οὖν τοῦ πνεύματός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός; πιστῶς οὐδὲ ταῦτα ἀκούοντες οὐδὲ τὸ παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἀποστόλοις εἰρημένον· «οὐκ οἴδατε, οἵου πνεύματός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου.» εἰ οὖν, ἐπειδὴ ὁ πατὴρ θεὸς ἀληθινός, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡ ἐνέργεια αὐτοῦ θεῖά ἐστιν πάντη τε καὶ πάντως· ἐπειδὴ ταύτῃ ἴση καὶ ὁμοία ἡ ἐνέργεια τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος φαίνεται, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸ θεὸς ἀληθινὸς τυγχάνει. πρέποι δὲ ἂν καὶ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ὡσαύτως εἰπεῖν. ἐπεὶ μή γε εἰ ἡ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐνέργεια τῆς τοῦ υἱοῦ ἢ τοῦ πνεύματος ἀμείνων, τί γὰρ καὶ ὅλως ἐνήργει τὸ πνεῦμα ἢ ὁ υἱὸς εἰς ἡμᾶς; καίτοι τὴν χείρω ἐπάγοντες δύναμιν, εἴπερ ἀνομοίως ἔχουσιν, ὡς οἱ αἱρετικοί φασιν; εἰ δὲ δὴ χρήσιμος καὶ σωτηριώδης ἡ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος πλήρωσις, κατ' οὐδὲν ἔσται ἀνόμοιος ὁ
The Renewal of the Trinity and the Role of the Spirit§68
68Whether it is the Son or the Spirit. For neither would the Most High and rich in mercy borrow from the lesser or the poorer, nor have we acted in a double or dissimilar way. Yet what kind of logic holds that man is a maker and creator of good things, let us say, or of evil, while the Spirit is not this? But man does so by the concession of God, or from the essence provided by God, creating things without soul; and whoever wishes, does not even create essence, as we have already said. But the Spirit acts authentically, and establishes essence out of non-beings, being both a co-worker and the breath of the Pantokrator.
Therefore, in Ezekiel, God shows that our spirit is to be renewed, while the Holy Spirit renews, and indicates that it is not simply a spirit, but specifically His own, decreeing thus: 'And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will give you; and I will take away the stony heart from your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh, and my spirit I will put in you' (Ezekiel 36:26). But those who are stingy regarding these divine voices, and standing in all perplexity, are instead using external arts and attempting to divert these clearly spoken things to one thing or another. For they say with these words: the one who created the dead, raises the dying alone. For a painter could not correct the work of an architect that is decaying, nor a hunter the work of a shipbuilder, nor a runner the work of a builder; but rather an architect of architects and a shipbuilder of shipbuilders.
But the Holy Spirit, they say, neither raised the dead nor created; for once, they say, the human nature was created in Adam, and there is nothing else besides it, nor many times. But even Eve was joined to Adam by the common word of nature, and after that was formed. But we, the orthodox, since the creating and raising of the dead is most especially a knowledge of divine power, confess the Holy Spirit to be God, having performed these things; for 'by the word' 'the heavens were established, and by the spirit of his mouth all their powers' (Psalm 33:6), and since from the beginning, during the creating of all things, He was also present and indissolubly possessed in divinity and in the energy...
Indeed, for this reason they are also present and remembered as they are being renewed. For what these have said is that to renew is not of another substance, which is to say of another nature, except for that of the Creator.
Therefore, concerning those things which exist and are being lived as if they were not existing, but are now being created spiritually and more divinely, David and Paul proclaim, as was foreordained and as we shall find in many places. For all time would fail me if I wished to remember everything everywhere. If, then, they did not differ in the Scriptures, but it seemed so to them, first, even if the divine writings in this book and those mentioned before it were ever once used as an exhortation: for what could one say, hearing these things, about the one using them to teach? Second, they reasoned that, just as the Father is a companion to the Son by the will of the Creator, so also is His Spirit. And not for the examination of the non-similar, regarding the proportion of one another and of those needing time and not even readily and everywhere blamelessly fulfilling the desire, they led us toward the investigation of the words and the substance of the unmixed, blessed Trinity which has completed us, saying things they had never before spoken. For how else could we say how great is the God Father, who once willed to bring all things into being through the Son, the Word? Surely, it has been proclaimed concerning the seed of David and Abraham and from the root of Jesse according to the flesh (Rom 1:3), as it has been perfectly said: 'For that which was born in her is of the Holy Spirit' (Luke 1:35), so that it might be consistent from every side that the sanctifying Spirit was a co-worker with the Good Creator. Therefore it is also written again: 'Jesus was led in the Spirit into the wilderness' (Matt 4:1); because the ruling Spirit was with Him, as God to God and as holding all things together and being present everywhere to Him, upon whom all things stand, and being in all things and filling all things. Since neither by their word nor by their manner does the Father raise the dead or create. For all things came into being through the Son alone. For toil is passion, and passion is a way toward corruption. Not denying, however, that the Lord was incarnated without sin from the nature of Adam, which is to say from the Virgin, or that we say these things of our own, but rather we confirm this by saying from...
Greek · §68
υἱὸς ἢ τὸ πνεῦμα. οὔτε γὰρ ἂν ὁ ὑπέρτατος καὶ πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει παρὰ τοῦ χείρονος 71 καὶ πενεστέρου ἐδανείσατο, οὔτε ἡμεῖς διττῶς καὶ ἀνομοίως ἐνηργήμεθα. καὶ μέντοι ποῖον ἔχει λόγον, ἄνθρωπον μὲν καλῶν, φέρε εἰπεῖν, ἢ κακῶν εἶναι ποιητὴν καὶ δημιουργόν, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα μὴ εἶναι τοῦτο; ἀλλ' ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ συγχώρησιν μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ πράττει τοῦτο ἢ ἐκεῖνο· ἀπὸ οὐσίας δὲ τῆς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ προοισθείσης, ἄψυχον δημιουργεῖ, ὁ δ' ἂν θέλοι, οὐ μὴν καὶ οὐσίαν αὐτήν, ὡς ἔφαμεν ἤδη. τὸ δέ γε πνεῦμα καὶ αὐθεντικῶς ποιεῖ, καὶ οὐσίαν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων ὑφίστησιν, ἅτε συνεργὸν καὶ πνοὴ παντοκράτορος. διόπερ ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ, τὸ μὲν ἡμέτερον πνεῦμα ἀνακαινίζεσθαι, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἀνακαινίζειν, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς πνεῦμα εἶναι, ἀλλ' ἑαυτοῦ κυρίως ὑποδεικνύς, τοιάδε θεσπίζει· «καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρδίαν καινήν, καὶ πνεῦμα καινὸν δώσω ὑμῖν· καὶ ἀφε λῶ τὴν καρδίαν τὴν λιθίνην ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν, καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρδίαν σαρκίνην, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῖν.» οἱ δὲ καὶ τῶν θείων φωνῶν τούτων ὀλιγωροῦντες, καὶ ἐν ἀπορίᾳ πάσῃ τῶν δικαίων καθεστῶτες, λοιπὸν ταῖς ἔξωθεν τέχναις ἀποκέχρηνται, καὶ ἐπ' ἄλλα καὶ ἄλλα μεταφέρειν ἐπιχειροῦσιν τὰ οὕτως σαφῶς εἰρημένα. φάσκουσι γὰρ λέξεσιν αὐταῖς· νεκροὺς ὁ δημιουργήσας, τοὺς νεκρουμένους ἐγείρει μόνος. ἀρχιτέκτονος γὰρ ἔργον φθειρόμενον ζωγράφος οὐκ ἂν διορθώσαιτο, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ναυπηγοῦ θηρευτής, ἀλλ' οὐδέ γε οἰκοδόμου δρομεύς· ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀρχιτέκτονος ἀρχιτέκτων καὶ ναυπηγοῦ ναυπηγός. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, φησίν, οὔτε νεκροὺς ἤγειρεν, οὔτε ἐδημιούργησεν· ἅπαξ γάρ, φησίν, ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ δεδημιούργηται ἡ ἀνθρώπων φύσις· καὶ οὔτε ἑτέρα παρ' ἐκείνην, οὔτε πολλάκις. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ Εὔα συνεκτίσθη μὲν τῷ Ἀδὰμ τῷ κοινῷ τῆς φύσεως λόγῳ, μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ διεμορφώθη. ἡμεῖς δὲ οἱ ὀρθόδοξοι, ἐπειδὴ μάλιστα θεϊκῆς δυνάμεως γνώρισμα τὸ δημιουργῆσαι καὶ νεκροὺς ἐγεῖραι, ὁμολογοῦμεν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ταῦτα πεποιηκὸς εἶναι θεόν· «τῷ λόγῳ» γὰρ «κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν, καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν,» καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἀρχῆθεν, δημιουργουμένων πάντων, συμπαρῆν καὶ ἀχωρίστως εἶχεν τῇ θεότητι καὶ τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀνακαινιζομένων αὐτῶν συμπάρεστι καὶ συμμνημονεύεται. ὅπερ γὰρ εἰρήκασιν αὐτοὶ οὗτοι, οὐκ ἦν ἑτέρας οὐσίας ὅ ἐστιν φύσεως τὸ ἀνακαινίσαι, εἰ μὴ τῆς τοῦ κτίσαντος. περὶ οὖν τῶν ὄντων καὶ πολιτευομένων ὡς μὴ ὄντων, ἀλλὰ νῦν πνευματικῶς καὶ θειοτέρως κτιζομένων ὁ ∆αυὶδ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος κηρύσσει, ὡς προελέχθη καὶ ὡς πολλαχοῦ εὑρήσομεν. ἐπιλείψει με γὰρ ἂν ὁ πᾶς χρόνος, εἰ πάντων πανταχοῦ μνημονεύειν ἐθελήσω. εἰ μὴ οὖν ἑτέρως μὲν ταῖς γραφαῖς, ἑτέρως δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐκείνοις ἐδόκει, πρῶτον μὲν οὖν κἄν ποτε παρενεθυμήθησαν τὰ θεῖα γραφεῖα τὰ ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῷδε καὶ τῷ πρὸ αὐτοῦ μνημονευθέντα· τί γὰρ ἄν, ἀκούοντες ταῦτα, φήσαιεν τὸν χρήσαντα αὐτὰ διδάσκειν; δεύτερον δὲ ἐλογίσαντο ἄν, ὅτιπερ, ὃν τρόπον τοῦ υἱοῦ κτίσαντος συμποιητὴς ὁ πατήρ ἐστιν τῇ εὐδοκήσει, οὕτω καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ· καὶ οὐκ εἰς τὴν τῶν οὐχ ὁμοίων ἐξέτασιν τῶν συνάρσεως τῆς ἀλλήλων καὶ τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου δεομένων καὶ μηδὲ πληρούντων ἑτοίμως καὶ πανταχόθεν ἀμέμπτως τὴν ἐνθύμησιν τὰ τῆς ἀμίκτου ἅπασιν μακαρίας τριάδος τῆς καὶ ἡμᾶς ἀποτελεσάσης, δημιουργοὺς λόγων τε καὶ ὑλῶν ἐπισκευῆς, ἤγαγον, λέγοντες, ἅπερ μήποτ' ἔφασαν. τί γὰρ ἢ ὡς πηλίκοι εἴποιμεν τῷ ἅπαξ θελήσαντι θεῷ πατρὶ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ λόγου πάντα ὑποστῆναι; ἀμέλει τοι περὶ τοῦ ἐκ σπέρματος ∆αυὶδ καὶ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ἐκ ῥίζης Ἰεσσαὶ κατὰ σάρκα κεκήρυκται, ὡς ἀρτίως εἴρηται· «τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου,» ἵνα κἀντεῦθεν ὁμόλογον ᾖ, ὡς συνεργὸν ἦν τῷ ἀγαθουργῷ δημιουργῷ τὸ ἁγιαστικὸν πνεῦμα. διὸ καὶ αὖθις γέγραπται· «ἤγετο ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν πνεύματι ἐπὶ τὴν ἔρημον·» ἐπειδὴ συνῆν αὐτῷ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν πνεῦμα, ὡς θεὸς θεῷ καὶ ὡς πάντα συνέχων καὶ πανταχοῦ παρὼν τῷ, ἐφ' ὃν πάντα ἐστήρικται, καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν ὄντι καὶ πληροῦντι τὰ πάντα. ἐπεὶ μή γε τῷ ἐκείνων λόγῳ καὶ τῷ τρόπῳ οὔτε ὁ πατὴρ 72 δημιουργὸς ἢ νεκροὺς ἐγείρων. πάντα γὰρ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἐγένετο ἀπόνως. πόνος γὰρ πάθος ἐστί· πάθος δὲ ὁδὸς ἐπὶ φθοράν. οὐκ ἀρνούμενοι δὲ τὸν δεσπότην σεσαρκῶσθαι δίχα ἁμαρτίας ἐκ τῆς φύσεως τοῦ Ἀδάμ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς παρθένου, ἢ τῆς ἡμετέρας ταῦτά φαμεν, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ βεβαιοῦμεν τοῦτο διὰ τοῦ λέγειν ἐκ
The Power of the Spirit to Forgive§69
69To have been begotten of the Holy Spirit. Indeed, as has been said, the pre-eternal and pre-cosmic Spirit of God was present with the Creator of our nature from the beginning, not as one needing help, but with identity and equality of divinity and will, just as light is not severed from light. Therefore, Macedonian, establish this with the holy ones: they do not call the divine Spirit a creature, but say it proceeds from God as His Spirit according to nature; or, as is your custom to assert, that it is inferior to God by nature and superior to angels, having received a middle nature and rank—prove that they have spoken thus; for those things have been justly honored by the God of yours and of Arius. And not as the law of art and sophistry gives, since you have dared to leave your own words against the divine Spirit; for its divine nature, even if you had the eyes of the intellect so many and such as the Scripture gave to the cherubim, you would have been able to behold it, how much more so. For who can grasp the invisible and uncontainable divinity? Or, recognizing your own impiety, you stand apart from the first ones.
But let us return again to the hypothesis from the beginning, that it sanctifies and justifies, as we said before. That it provides salvation, and provides salvation even to those who fall; which is the sole property of the almighty essence. For without God, to do anything created is impossible. 'Nor even as to grape-harvesting with eyes circling.' For the apostle said to the Philippians such things: 'For I know that this will turn out for my salvation, through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ' (Phil 4:19). Just as it is hymned concerning the Father in the Psalms: 'But not me, you shall not know; and saving, there is none besides me' (Ps 135:6); and concerning the Son in the Acts: 'And in no other is salvation. For there is no other name under heaven given among men, in which we must be saved' (Acts 4:12).
that it frees from death and forgives sins, because the immortal and propitiatory Spirit bears fruit from the paternal root of essence. But it is not possible for a creature to be either sinless or one of these two things by its own nature. For none of the spirits, as has been shown, is sinless; nor perhaps, exceeding the word, is the non-existent rational being. For the heaven itself and the sun are not blameless in regard to the purity of God.
For even if they appear at times to have done such a thing as apostles, they did not succeed by their own power, but by that of the one who said: 'In my name you will do greater things than these' (John 14:12); and by that of the Spirit of the Father who spoke in them, as Paul teaches the Romans: 'For the law of the Spirit in Christ Jesus has set me free from the law of sin and of death' (Rom 8:2). And the Master, through John, giving to us the Holy Spirit, who had lost us through the ancient disobedience, breathed into the faces of the disciples and said: 'Receive Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you retain them, they are retained' (John 20:22-23). Here is so much of the authority of the unremembered Spirit: that it itself through itself forgives sins, and in its name and in its power the apostles and all who believe in it provide remission of sins.
For that only God forgives sins, glorious sayings of God indicate: 'I,' for he says, 'am he who wipes out your sins' (Isa 43:25), and: 'If your sins are as scarlet, I will make them as white as snow; if they are red, they shall be like wool' (Isa 1:18). And the Savior, as a child of God, said to the paralytic: 'Child, your sins are forgiven' (Mark 2:5), and: 'Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world' (John 1:29). That it works together with the Father and the Son; and that Christ performed signs and wonders and cast out demons through the power of the Spirit.
Greek · §69
πνεύματος ἁγίου γεγεννῆσθαι. ἐπειδή, ὡς εἴρηται, καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν συμπαρῆν τὸ προαιώνιον καὶ προκόσμιον πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ τῷ ποιητῇ τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως, οὐχ ὡς χρῄζοντι βοηθείας, ἀλλὰ σὺν ταυτότητι καὶ ἰσότητι θεότητος καὶ θελήσεως, καὶ οἷον μὴ ἀποτετμημένον τοῦ φωτὸς τὸ φῶς. ἢ σύσθητι οὖν, Μακεδόνιε, τοῖς ἁγίοις, κτίσμα τὸ θεῖον πνεῦμα μὴ ὀνομάζουσιν, ἀλλ' ἐκπεπορεῦσθαι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ κατὰ φύσιν· ἤ, ὡς ἔθος σοι φάσκειν, ὅτι θεοῦ μὲν ἥττων τῇ φύσει, ἀγγέλων δὲ κρείττων ἐστίν, μέσην τινὰ φύσιν καὶ τάξιν εἰληχός, ἀπόδειξον κεχρησμῳδηκότας· τὰ γὰρ ἐκείνων δικαίως προτετίμηται παρὰ τῷ θεῷ τῶν σῶν καὶ τῶν Ἀρείου· καὶ οὐχ ὡς δίδωσιν ὁ τῆς τέχνης καὶ τῆς σοφιστείας νόμος, ἐξόν σοι θαρρήσαντι ἀφεῖναι κατὰ τοῦ θείου πνεύματος ἰδίους λόγους· οὗ τὴν θείαν φύσιν οὐδ' ἂν εἰ τοὺς τῆς διανοίας ὀφθαλμοὺς τοσούτους καὶ τοιούτους εἶχες, ὅσους καὶ οἵους ἔδωκεν ἡ γραφὴ τοῖς χερουβίμ, ἠδυνήθης ἂν κἂν ποσῶς γοῦν θεωρῆσαι. τίς γὰρ ἐπιδράττεται τῆς ἀφανοῦς καὶ ἀχωρήτου θεότητος; ἢ καταγνοὺς τῆς σεαυτοῦ ἀσεβείας εἴκων ἡμῖν τῶν πρωτείων ἀφίστασο. 7.4ν ὅτι ἁγιάζει καὶ δικαιοῖ 7.4 ἀλλ' ἐπανίωμεν πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑπόθεσιν, ὅτι ἁγιάζει καὶ δικαιοῖ καθὰ προείπομεν. 7.5ν ὅτι σωτηρίαν χορηγεῖ ὅτι σωτηρίαν καὶ τοῖς ἀποσφαλεῖσιν χορηγεῖ· ὃ μόνης ἐστὶν τῆς παγκρατορικῆς οὐσίας. ἄνευ γὰρ θεοῦ πρᾶξαί τι κτιστόν, ἀμήχανον. «οὐδ' ὅσον ἀμπετάσαι βλεφαρῶν περιφαέα κύκλα.» ἔλεγεν γὰρ ὁ ἀπόστολος Φιλιππησίοις τοιάδε· «οἶδα γάρ, ὅτι τοῦτό μοι ἀποβήσεται εἰς σωτηρίαν, διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως καὶ ἐπιχορηγίας τοῦ πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.» καθὰ ὕμνηται περὶ μὲν τοῦ πατρὸς ἐν Ὠσηέ· «πλὴν ἐμοῦ οὐ γνώσῃ· καὶ σώζων οὐκ ἔστιν πάρεξ ἐμοῦ·» περὶ δὲ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἐν ταῖς πράξεσιν· «καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄλλο ὄνομά ἐστιν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸ δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις, ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι.» 7.6ν ὅτι θανάτου ἐλευθεροῖ καὶ ἁμαρτίας συγχωρεῖ ὅτι θανάτου ἐλευθεροῖ καὶ ἁμαρτίας συγχωρεῖ, ἅτε δὴ ἐκ τῆς πατρικῆς ῥίζης οὐσίας καρπὸν φέρον τὸ ἀθάνατον καὶ ἵλεω. κτίσματι δὲ οὐ δυνατὸν ἢ ἀναμάρτητον εἶναι ἢ ἓν τούτων οἴκοθεν ποιῆσαι. οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲν τῶν πνευμάτων, ὡς προεδείχθη, ἀναμάρτητον· οὐδὲ τάχα, καθ' ὑπερβολὴν λόγου, ἡ μὴ οὖσα λογική. καὶ γὰρ ὁ οὐρανὸς αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ ἥλιος πρὸς τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ καθαρότητα οὐκ ἄμεμπτοι. εἰ γὰρ καὶ φαίνονται ἀπόστολοί ποτε τοιοῦτόν τι πράξαντες, οὐκ ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει περιεγένοντο, ἀλλὰ τῇ τοῦ εἰπόντος· «ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὀνόματι μείζονα τούτων ποιήσετε·» καὶ τῇ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ λαλήσαντος ἐν αὐτοῖς, καθὰ Ῥωμαίους Παῦλος διδάσκει· «ὁ γὰρ νόμος τοῦ πνεύματος ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ἠλευθέρωσέν με ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τοῦ θανάτου.» καὶ ὁ δεσπότης δὲ παρ' Ἰωάννῃ, ἀποδιδοὺς ἡμῖν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ὁ ἀπολέσαντες ἦμεν διὰ τῆς ἀρχαίας παρακοῆς, ἐνεφύσησεν εἰς τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν μαθητῶν καὶ εἶπεν· «λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον. ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἀφίενται· ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται.» ἐνταῦθα τοσοῦτον τοῦ ἀειμνήστου πνεύματος τὸ αὐτεξούσιον, ὅτι αὐτό τε δι' ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτίας συγχωρεῖ, καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι καὶ τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ πάντες οἱ πιστεύοντες αὐτῷ ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν παρέχουσιν. ὅτι δὲ θεοῦ μόνου τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι ἁμαρτάνουσιν, ἔνδοξοι θεοῦ ῥήσεις σημαίνουσιν· «ἐγώ», γάρ φησιν, «εἰμὶ ὁ ἐξαλείφων τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου», καί· «ἐὰν ὦσιν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ὑμῶν ὡς φοινικοῦν, ὡς χίονα λευκανῶ· ἐὰν δὲ ὦσιν ὡς κόκκινον, ὡσεὶ ἔριον λευκανῶ.» καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ δὲ ὡς παῖς θεοῦ τῷ παραλύτῳ ἔφη· «τέκνον, ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι», καί· «ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ αἴρων τὰς 73 ἁμαρτίας τοῦ κόσμου.» 7.7ν ὅτι συνεργεῖ τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ· καὶ ὅτι Χριστὸς ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ πνεύματος σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἐποίησεν καὶ δαιμόνια ἐξέβαλεν διὰ τὸ
The Unity of Essence and the Cooperation of the Trinity§70
70He is inseparable from the divinity because he cooperates with and provides all things to all alongside the self-sufficient and almighty God the Father, not deferring it until tomorrow, since the Spirit of the Father is also co-knowing, possessing an uncreated being and reigning with Him, having inherited the divinity from His origin as a co-inherent. Furthermore, the all-seeing and almighty Christ, together with the power of His most venerable Spirit, performed signs and wonders and cast out demons, as the hierophants explained: Michael says, 'Thus says the Lord against the prophets who mislead my people' (Micah 7:6), and shortly after brings: 'For there shall be no one who hears them, unless I fill strength in the spirit of the Lord and of judgment and of power.' Thus, he says to perform strength in the spirit of the Lord, in order to also reveal the Trinity and the bond of its nature. He alludes to judgment, in which there is no longer room for repentance or for the one who hears; 'for,' he says, 'in that abyss, who will confess to you?' And 'I will fill strength' stands for 'I will make a great retribution with the divine Spirit.' And Paul, the most tested of apostles, to the Ephesians says: 'For this reason I bow my knees to God the Father, from whom every family is named in heaven and on earth, that He may give to you, according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit, so that Christ may dwell in the inner man' (Ephesians 3:14-17); and to the Romans: 'I have therefore confidence in Christ Jesus toward God. For I do not dare to speak anything of which Christ did not accomplish through me, by word and deed, for the obedience of the Gentiles, in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Holy Spirit' (Romans 15:18). Hypostases of similar nature are worthy of similar honor; therefore, this saying is close to: 'Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God' (1 Cor 1:24). Matthew says from the Savior: 'But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you' (Matthew 12:28). And as He acts in the illumination: it is impossible, then, to exist as one through harmony and energy without there being a single essence; and for this reason the Lord says at times: 'The Father who remains in me, He Himself does the works' (John 14:10); and at other times, as has now been said: 'I cast out by the Spirit of God...'
The text ends abruptly mid-sentence.
bestows an oracle
Greek · §70
ἀχώριστον τῆς θεότητος ὅτι τῷ ἀπροσδεεῖ καὶ παντοδότῃ θεῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ συνεργεῖ καὶ συμπαρέχει πάντα πᾶσιν, οὐκ εἰς αὔριον ἀναβαλλόμενον, ἅτε δὴ ξύγγνωμον καὶ ὁμόγνωμον πνεῦμα τοῦ πατρὸς, ἀνεκποίητον ἔχον τὸ εἶναι καὶ συμβασιλεύειν αὐτῷ, καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ, ὅθεν καὶ συνυφεστώτως ἐξῆλθεν, διακληρωσάμενον θεότητα. καὶ ὅτι ὁ παντεξούσιος καὶ πανδύναμος Χριστὸς σὺν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ αὐτοῦ σεμνοτάτου πνεύματος τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ἐποίησεν καὶ δαίμονας ἐξέβαλεν, ὡς ἐξηγήσαντο οἱ ἱεροφάνται· Μιχαῖας μέν· «τάδε» φησίν, «λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ τοὺς προφήτας τοὺς πλανῶντας τὸν λαόν μου», καὶ μετ' ὀλίγου ἐπιφέρει· «διότι οὐκ ἔσται ὁ εἰσακούων αὐτῶν, ἐὰν μὴ ἐγὼ ἐμπλήσω ἰσχὺν ἐν πνεύματι κυρίου καὶ κρίσεως καὶ δυναστείας.» εἶπεν τοίνυν ποιεῖν ἰσχὺν κύριον ἐν πνεύματι κυρίου, διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν τριάδα καὶ τὸν σύνδεσμον τῆς φύσεως αὐτῆς δηλῶσαι. αἰνίττεται δὲ τὴν κρίσιν, ἐν ᾗ οὐκέτι λοιπὸν μετάνοια καὶ ὁ εἰσακούων· «ἐν», γάρ, «τῷ ᾅδῃ», φησίν, «τίς ἐξομολογήσεται σοι»; τὸ δὲ «ἐμπλήσω ἰσχὺν» ἀντὶ τοῦ «μεγάλην ἀνταπόδοσιν ποιήσω μετὰ τοῦ θείου πνεύματος». Παῦλος δὲ ὁ δοκιμώτατος ἀποστόλων πρὸς Ἐφεσίους μέν· «τούτου χάριν κάμπτω τὰ γόνατά μου πρὸς τὸν θεὸν πατέρα, ἐξ οὗ πᾶσα πατριὰ ἐν οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς ὀνομάζεται, ἵνα δῷ ὑμῖν κατὰ τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ πνεύ ματος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστόν·» πρὸς Ῥωμαίους δέ· «ἔχω οὖν πεποίθησιν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸς τὸν θεόν. οὐ γὰρ τολμῶ τι λαλεῖν, ὧν οὐ κατειργάσατο Χριστὸς δι' ἐμοῦ, λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ, εἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν ἐν δυνάμει σημείων καὶ τεράτων, ἐν δυνάμει πνεύ ματος ἁγίου.» αἱ ὅμοιαι τῇ φύσει ὑποστάσεις ὁμοίας τιμῆς ἄξιαι· ὅθεν παραπλήσιον καὶ τὸ λόγιον τόδε τῷ· «Χριστὸς θεοῦ δύναμις καὶ θεοῦ σοφία.» Ματθαῖος ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος· «εἰ δὲ ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.» καὶ ὡς ἐν τῷ φωτίσματι συμπράττει· ἀδύνατον τοίνυν τῇ συμφωνίᾳ καὶ τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ ὑπάρχειν ἕν, μὴ οὔσης τῆς οὐσίας μιᾶς· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο λέγει ὁ δεσπότης ποτὲ μέν· «ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐν ἐμοὶ μένων, αὐτὸς ποιεῖ τὰ ἔργα·» ποτὲ δέ, ὡς νῦν εἴρηται· «ἐγὼ ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια.» διὰ τοῦτο δὲ καὶ Παῦλος εἶπεν· «ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου», ὁμολογῶν, ὅτι τῇ θείᾳ τῆς τριάδος ἐνεργείᾳ τεθνεῶτας ἤγειραν, αὐτὸς μὲν τὸν Εὔτυχον, Πέτρος δὲ τὴν Ταβήθαν. 7.8ν ὅτι ὥσπερ ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ, οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα χρηματίζει, σημαινόμενον θεὸς καὶ δεσπότης. ὅτι ὥσπερ ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατήρ, οὕτω καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα χρηματίζει, σημαινόμενον θεὸς καὶ δεσπότης, καθὰ φράζει Λουκᾶς· «ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, ᾧ ὄνομα Συμεών· καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, δίκαιος καὶ εὐλαβής, προσδεχόμενος παράκλησιν τῷ Ἰσραήλ· καὶ πνεῦ μα ἅγιον ἦν ἐπ' αὐτῷ, καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ κεχρηματισμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύμα τος τοῦ ἁγίου, μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον, ἕως ἂν ἴδῃ τὸν Χριστὸν κυρίου. καὶ ἤγετο ἐν τῷ πνεύματι εἰς τὸ ἱερόν. καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἰσαγαγεῖν τοὺς γονεῖς τὸ παιδίον Ἰησοῦν τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὸ εἰθισ μένον τοῦ νόμου περὶ αὐτοῦ· καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδέξατο αὐτὸ εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας, καὶ εὐλόγησεν τὸν θεὸν καὶ εἶπεν· νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου, δέσ ποτα, κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ· ὅτι εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου τὸ σω τήριόν σου.» ἐχρημάτισεν τοίνυν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα· ἐδέξατο Συμεὼν τὸν Χριστὸν εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας κατὰ τὸ χρηματισμόν· εὐλόγησεν τὸν χρηματίσαντα, τουτέστιν ἐδόξασεν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἑορακῶς τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ χρησμοῦ δεξάμενον πέρας· θεόν τε καὶ δεσπότην αὐτὸν τὸν χρηματίσαντα ἐκάλεσεν. ἐχρημάτισεν δὲ ὁ θεὸς πατήρ, τῷ Ἰὼβ φάνας· «οἴει με ἄλλως σοι κεχρηματικέναι, ἢ ἵνα ἀναφανῇς δίκαιος»; οἱ δὲ τῷ ἀληθινῷ πνεύματι τοῦ θεοῦ μάχεσθαι ἠσκηκότες, πανταχοῦ τῆς ὑποθέσεως τὰ ἐν ἄλλοις 74 πράγμασιν καὶ οὐκ εἰς θεολογίαν συντελοῦντα πρὸς τὸ συσκιάσαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν συλλέγοντες καὶ οὐ τὰ πρέποντα τῷ θείῳ μυστηρίῳ ἀτρεκέως ἐκδεχόμενοι καὶ τῇ ὑποθέσει ἁρμόζοντες καὶ πρὸς τὸ κεφάλαιον τοῦτο ἄδεκτα τοῦ θείου προφέρουσιν ῥήματα, ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ὡς μέγα καὶ ἐναργὲς κεφάλαιον, τὸ ψυχρὸν ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἀπατηλὸν ῥῆμα λέγοντες· ὅτι, μησίν, κατάγεται ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων μαρτυριῶν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα εἰς ἀγγέλου φύσιν, ᾗ καὶ αὐτοὶ φαίνονται χρηματίσαντες. καὶ οὕτως τὰς ὀρθὰς τῶν γραφῶν ἐννοίας ἐξ ἀτόπων ἰδίων λόγων εἰς περιπετείας ἐξέλκουσιν. γέγραπται γάρ, φησίν, ἐν ταῖς ἀποστολικαῖς πράξεσιν· «Κορνήλιος ἑκατοντάρχης,
The Economy of the Mystery and Angelic Limitation§71
71A righteous man and one fearing God, being testified to by all the nations of the Jews, was informed by a holy angel that he was to be brought into his house and to hear words from you. You indeed, if you had remained silent and had shut the mouths of slanders, would have acted much more effectively.
But we, returning toward the most perfect goal and providing this summary and cheerfulness to those about to receive us, and instilling more of the orthodox zeal, say that just as no communion of nature exists in creation toward the uncreated nature, so also no such communion exists in mere information. For the one announces, while the other, not knowing, might be enabled to speak by the Holy Spirit, and from this he receives the name 'angel'; but the Holy Spirit, since He knows all things of God, as Paul confirms, informs divinely, just as the Father, seeing with the sleepless eyes of the deity what is willed, informs the Father and the Son, and not in a servile way, like a bodyguard angel. For 'the servant does not know what his master is doingngng' (Luke 12:47), nor can the one of the same substance possess the knowledge of the other being of a different substance; for to each nature, the knowledge not belonging to it and memory share in error; but even what is known by the generated nature is lost by time. Therefore, even here, the ignorant ones, rushing into the field of the battle of the Word, have gone astray.
For it is written: 'And while Peter was remembering the word, the Holy Spirit said to him: Behold, three men are seeking you. But arising, go with them, distinguishing nothing, for I have sent them.' (Acts 10:19-20). Having come down to the men, Peter said: 'Behold, I am the one you are seeking; what is the reason for which you have come?' (Acts 10:21). And they said: 'Cornelius, a centurion, a righteous man' (Acts 10:24), and the following, as it is intended. So, even before good judges, the angel's informing appears to be learned from the Holy Spirit. For to foretell with certainty is a distinguished mark of deity; and this is for the good of those hearing, so that, being made secure, they might be saved. Furthermore, do you not think that by proposing such things, one is somewhat flattering the creation, or perhaps criticizing him who has adorned his own works with the words spoken about him through abundance?
And of his grace. For from this he did not insult himself at all, but rather he showed himself to be praiseworthy, and his works were habitually made bright.
We, indeed, if we carry the matter of the Holy Spirit's endowment as something of divine dignity, and it suffices by itself for testimony, yet we brought forth not only that, but also a multitude of other high and indisputable proofs; if you attend to these without contradiction, you will certainly be less speechless than the fish. Therefore Paul most clearly exposes your trickery, having written to the Ephesians: 'To me, the least of all the saints, this grace was given in the Gentiles, to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ and to enlighten all, what is the economy of the mystery having been hidden from the ages in God the Creator, so that now might be known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the church the manifold wisdom of God' (Eph 3:8). Understand, therefore, how much the nature of the angels is lacking in knowing of itself things that are to come and in endowment; for even through this church of God in this world, which we are, they learn the great things. And toward persuasion, one can grasp something regarding this, which he wrote to the Colossians thus: 'This mystery which was hidden before the ages and from the generations, which has now been revealed to his saints' (Col 1:26). For before this, he says, it was known to God alone.
Toward these things, and also that which concerns the benefit of all men, of which I speak concerning the unchosen economy, this is raised by Peter to the rhetoricians, as it was foretold: 'Angels desire to look into things' (1 Pet 1:12), he says. And if they had any innate knowledge, they would not long to even stoop into it, but because they do not have it, they fall into a sort of excessive desire, like men, for those things whose knowledge is not above them. For it has become nature to overlook easily found things and to make the rarer things a matter of effort. And yet even this is not according to their nature, for by the common reason of their nature I do not say that all are obligated to some extent. 'For if,' he says, 'God did not spare having sinned angels' (2 Pet 2:4), what kind of innate knowledge of the...
Greek · §71
ἀνὴρ δίκαιος καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν, μαρ τυρούμενός τε ὑπὸ παντὸς ἔθνους τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἐχρηματίσθη ὑπὸ ἀγ γέλου ἁγίου, μεταμέμψασθαί σε εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀκοῦσαι ῥή ματα παρὰ σοῦ.» ὑμεῖς μὲν οὖν, εἰ ἐσιωπήσατε καὶ ἀπερράψατε συκοφαντίας τὰ στόματα, ἐπράττετε ἂν πολλῷ λυσιτελέστερον. ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν τελειότερον σκοπὸν ἀναπέμποντες καὶ τὸ κεφάλαιον τοῦτο καὶ εὐθυμίαν τοῖς ἐντευξομένοις παρέχοντες καὶ πλείονα τὸν ὀρθόδοξον ζῆλον ἐμβάλλοντες φαμέν, ὅτι ὡς οὐδεμία κοινωνία φύσεως κτίσματι πρὸς τὴν ἄκτιστον φύσιν ἐστίν, οὕτως οὐδὲ χρηματισμοῦ. ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀγγέλλει, ὁ δ' ἂν οὐκ εἰδὼς ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος εἰπεῖν ἐνεργηθείη, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν αὐτῷ ἄγγελος τοὔνομα· τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἅτε πάντα εἰδὸς τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς διαβεβαιοῦται ὁ Παῦλος, χρηματίζει θεϊκῶς, ὡς ὁ πατήρ, ἅπερ ἂν τοῖς τῆς θεότητος ἀκοιμήτοις ὄμμασιν ὁρᾷ βουλόμενον καὶ τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ οὐ διακονικῶς, καθάπερ ὁ δορυφόρος ἄγγελος. «ὁ γὰρ δοῦλος οὐκ οἶδεν, τί ποιεῖ ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ», οὐδέ γε ὁ ἑτεροούσιος τὴν αὐτὴν τῷ ἑτέρας ὄντι οὐσίας κεκτῆσθαι δύναται γνῶσιν· φύσει γὰρ ἑκάστῃ ἡ ἀνήκουσα γνῶσις καὶ μνήμη συμπαρομαρτεῖ· ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ γνωσθὲν τῇ γενητῇ φύσει ἔσθ' ὅτε τῷ χρόνῳ ἀφίπταται. ὅθεν κἀνταῦθα τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ χωρίου ἑκόντες ἐν τῇ διαμάχῃ τοῦ λόγου παραλελοίπασιν οἱ ἀγνώμονες. ἔχει γάρ· «τοῦ δὲ Πέτρου διενθυμουμένου περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος εἶπεν αὐτῷ τὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα· ἰδοὺ ἄνδρες τρεῖς ζητοῦσίν σε. ἀλλὰ ἀναστὰς πορεύθητι σὺν αὐτοῖς, μηδὲν διακρινόμενος· διότι ἐγὼ ἀπέσταλκα αὐτούς. καταβὰς δὲ Πέτρος πρὸς τοὺς ἄνδρας εἶπεν· ἰδοὺ ἐγώ, ὃν ζητεῖτε· τίς ἡ αἰτία δι' ἣν πάρεστε; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· Κορνήλιος ἑκατοντάρχης, ἀνὴρ δίκαιος», καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, ὡς πρόκειται. ὥστε παρὰ κριταῖς ἀγαθοῖς κἀνταῦθα παρὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος φαίνεται τὸν χρησμὸν ὁ ἄγγελος μαθών. θεότητος γὰρ ἔκκριτον γνώρισμα τὸ προλέγειν ἀσφάλτως· καὶ τοῦτο ἐπ' ἀγαθῷ τῶν ἀκουόντων, ἵν' ἀσφαλισάμενοι σωθῶσιν. εἶτα οὐ νομίζετε τοιαῦτα εἰσηγούμενοι βασκαίνειν μέν πως τῇ κτίσει, μέμφεσθαι δὲ οἷον τῷ δι' ἀφθονίαν ταῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰρημέναις λέξεσιν κοσμήσαντι τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ποιήματα; ὡς ἑπομένης πάντως τῷ τοιούτῳ πράγματι καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ χάριτος. ἐκ γὰρ καὶ τούτου ὕβρισεν μὲν ἑαυτὸν οὐδαμῶς, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐπαινετὸν ἔδειξεν, τὰ δὲ ἔργα αὐτοῦ συνήθως ἐφαίδρυνεν. ἡμεῖς δέ, εἰ καὶ σεμνότητά τινα θείαν τῇ πάσῃ ὑποθέσει φέρει τὸ χρηματίζειν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, καὶ ἀρκεῖ καθ' ἑαυτὸ παραλαμβανόμενον εἰς μαρτυρίαν, ὅμως οὐ μόνον αὐτό, ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ πλῆθος ἄλλο ὑψηλῶν καὶ ἀναμφισβητήτων ἀποδείξεων παρηγάγομεν· οἷς εἰ προσέχετε ἀντιπαθείας ἄνευ, ἀφωνότεροι πάντως ἔσεσθε τῶν ἰχθύων. διελέγχει τοίνυν τὴν πιθανουργίαν ὑμῶν σαφέστατα καὶ ὁ Παῦλος, Ἐφεσίοις γράψας· «ἐμοὶ τῷ ἐλαχιστοτέρῳ πάντων ἁγίων ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις αὕτη ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν εὐαγγελίσασθαι τὸν ἀνεξιχνίαστον πλοῦτον τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ φωτίσαι πάντας, τίς ἡ οἰκονομία τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ θεῷ τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι· ἵνα γνωρισθῇ νῦν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις διὰ τῆς ἐκ κλησίας ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ.» κατανοεῖτε οὖν, πόσον ἐξῄρηται ἡ ἀγγέλων φύσις τοῦ ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς εἰδέναι τι τῶν ἐσομένων καὶ τοῦ χρηματίζειν· ὅτι καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐν τῷδε τῷ κόσμῳ ἐκκλησίας τοῦ 75 θεοῦ, ἥτις ἐσμὲν ἡμεῖς, τὰ μεγαλεῖα μανθάνει. πρὸς πειθὼ δὲ τὴν περὶ τοῦτο δύναταί τι συλλαμβάνειν καὶ ἅπερ Κολοσσαεῦσιν ἔγραψεν τοιῶσδε· «τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο τὸ ἀποκεκρυμμένον πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γενεῶν, ὃ νῦν ἐφανερώθη τοῖς ἁγίοις αὐτοῦ.» πρὸ τούτου γάρ, φησίν, τῷ θεῷ ἔγνωστο μόνῳ. πρὸς τούτοις καὶ ἅπερ περὶ τῶν ἐνεγκόντων πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ὄφελος, τῶν περὶ τὴν ἄλεκτον οἰκονομίαν φημί, τοῖσδε παρὰ Πέτρου ἀνείρηται τοῖς ῥητοῖς, ὡς προελέχθη· «εἰς ἅ», φησίν, «ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι.» εἰ δέ τινα ἔμφυτον γνῶσιν εἶχον, οὐκ ἂν ἱμείροντο τοῦ κἂν διακύψαι εἰς αὐτό, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἔχουσιν, εἰς ὑπερβάλλοντα, ὡς οἱ ἄνθρωποι, τρόπον τινὰ ἐκπίπτουσιν ἔρωτα ἐκείνων, ὧν τῆς γνώσεως τυχεῖν αὐτοῖς μὴ ὕπεστιν. πέφυκεν γὰρ καὶ τὴν ἄλλως ὑπερορᾶσθαι μὲν τὰ εὑρεθῆναι ῥᾴδια, ποιεῖσθαι δὲ τὰ σπανιώτερα. καὶ μέντοι καὶ τοῦτο οὐ κατὰ γνώμην οἰκείαν, τῷ κοινῷ δὲ τῆς φύσεως αὐτῶν λόγῳ οὐ πάντας φημί ὑπόχρεοι ὄντες τινές. «εἰ γάρ», φησίν, «ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἐφείσατο», ποίαν ἔμφυτον γνῶσιν τῶν
The Archangels and the Incarnation§72
72Are they about to exercise authority in administering, as God is able to have? If these do not even administer from themselves or by their own power, the matter itself is a self-evident proof of a certain division. Because you commanded to act rashly and without investigation regarding the rebuke and the accusation, merely according to the word in common, and not regarding the matter itself.
For if others should happen to say that God the Father administers and is good, it is not proper for us to say the opposite. Let me say something else to you: 'Look lest one says that the one who administered to the centurion, the Holy of Holies, the Savior, spoke of the centurion; for by using this name, the Scripture appears to be hidden with much expression and divinity regarding him, in order to announce in the economy as a Son the Father's will. For he did not say by name, as he is wont to say: Michael, Gabriel, or such-and-such.'
What, then, could anyone reasonably blame among all our words? And what should they rebuke in one who possesses nothing but the duty to be straight in the orthodox faith? And how could it not be worthy of belief, that the Holy Spirit administers royally or divinely, while the angels administer liturgically or diaconically? How difficult, then, it is, as it is said, to be a 'shouter.'
Just as for one who is not above governing, so it is difficult to teach; for to one in whom the grace of the Divine Spirit, working salvation together with the Father and the Son with men, is not present, nor is there found the safety of knowing, and the response given from the knowledge of faithful men, even within the riddles of the oracles, and to whom there is no flow of speech without contentious, dialectical, and various preconception.
But I know clearly, O well-pleasing ones and angels of God dwelling in the heavenly light, that you yourselves, as blameless and perfect, were not offended by the things said by me, on account of the angels who are like you according to nature, not according to the praise of opinion; those by whom from the beginning rebuke followed, as also those who seem to you most unbelieving toward the struggle for the truth. For the word is mine concerning the Divine Spirit, who enlightens all things and is zealous for the divine things for the creatures of the Father and His only-begotten Son...
You are family, having sanctified both yourselves and being glory-shared by you together with the Father and the Son through the Trisagion hymn. Rather, you also partook of this Spirit of the one and only hypostasis of God, having not spoken aloud of Him to me. And you perhaps wished to celebrate in this part of the book, through an excess of your goodwill, that the words spoken by many and now by me concerning the Septenary and the consubstantial Trinity should not ever be subject to silence, and that all men should spend the time from the facts toward such a hypothesis.
Therefore, because of this, by the judgment of the Most High: you, O holy Michael, were chosen to rule the 76 incorporeal hosts and were honored as if by a belt, and you exist as a certain fragrance of the all-ruling, all-pure, and compassionate Trinity; and you, O holy Gabriel, were chosen to minister to the mystery of the ineffable economy, as a faithful and constant one. One is honored by another with a God-given gift, such as not even others have, and such as not even we have; but even we have such as not even you have.
For the God Word became man, not through sinful angels, but through men in sin, unchangeably, unmixedly, without sin, ineffably, as He knew and willed, from the Virgin and according to her flesh, and became all of us, remaining what He was and is and will be, one and the same. 'For one,' He says, 'is the holy one, one is the Lord Jesus Christ unto the glory of God the Father' (1 Cor 8:6). And thus, as He ascended from earth to the heavens, the second coming shall come, with myriads of myriads of blessed angelic phalanxes ministering to Him, and He will yet judge and act according to His philanthropy.
Therefore, after the churches and houses, the pleasant places named after your appellation, O pleasing company of archangels, were established not only in cities, but also in narrow places, privately, in houses and in fields, adorned with gold and silver or even ivory; and men, even to the more remote places where they are lodged, having the pleasant places thrust forward as if they had attained a magistracy, do not hesitate to take a sea, or if necessary, a long road of many sufficient days.
Greek · §72
μελλόντων ἢ αὐθεντείαν τοῦ χρηματίζειν, ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἔχειν δύνανται; εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἴσασι μὲν οὗτοι ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν οὐδὲ κατ' ἐξουσίαν ἰδίαν χρηματίζουσιν, ὡς ἔστι καὶ δίχα συστάσεώς τινος τὸ πρᾶγμα αὐταπόδεικτον, διὰ δὲ τὸ τὴν λέξιν μόνην κατὰ κοινοῦ κατηγορεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν μέμψιν καὶ τὴν κατηγορίαν παρηγγείλατε, προπετῶς καὶ ἀδιασκέπτως ἐπράξατε, καὶ οὐδὲ πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα. οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ τὸν θεὸν πατέρα φαῖεν τυχὸν ἄλλοι τινές, ὅτι χρηματίζει καὶ ἀγαθός ἐστιν, ἡμᾶς τὸ ἐναντίον λέγειν πρέπον. εἴπω τι ὑμῖν καὶ ἕτερον· «βλέπετε μὴ τὸν χρηματίσαντα τῷ ἑκατοντάρχῃ ἄγγελον, τὸν ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων, σωτῆρα εἶπεν; τῷ γὰρ ὀνόματι τούτῳ προσχρησαμένῃ ἐπικεκρυμμένως σὺν ἐμφάσει πολλῇ καὶ θείᾳ περὶ αὐτοῦ φαίνεται ἡ γραφὴ διὰ τὸ ἀγγεῖλαι ἐν τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ ὡς υἱὸν λόγον τὸ πατρικὸν βούλημα. οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ὀνομαστί, ὡς εἴωθεν λέγειν· Μιχαήλ, Γαβριὴλ ἢ ὁ δεῖνα.» τί τοίνυν ἐξ ἁπάντων τῶν ἡμετέρων λόγων αἰτιάσαιτ' ἂν τίς εὐλόγως; τί δὲ μέμψαιτο τῇ οὐδαμόθεν ἐχούσῃ τὸ εὐθύνεσθαι ὀρθοδόξων πίστει; πῶς δὲ οὐ πιστεύειν ἄξιον, ὡς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα βασιλικῶς ἤτοι θεϊκῶς χρηματίζει, οἱ δ' ἄγγελοι λειτουργικῶς ἤγουν διακονικῶς; ὡς χαλεπὸν οὖν, καθά φησιν, οἰάκων ἔχεσθαι. ὅτῳ κυβερνητικῆς οὐχ ὕπεστιν, οὕτω χαλεπὸν καὶ διδάσκειν, ὅτῳ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θείου πνεύματος ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων σὺν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ ἐργαζομένη τὴν σωτηρίαν οὐ πάρεστιν, οὔτε ἐστὶν τὸ εἰδέναι τὴν καὶ ἐν τοῖς αἰνίγμασιν τῶν λογίων εὑρισκομένην ἀσφάλειαν καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐπιστήμης τῶν πιστῶν ἀνδρῶν διδομένην ἀπόκρισιν, καὶ ὅτῳ ἐριστικῆς καὶ ἀντιλογικῆς καὶ ποικίλης προαιρέσεως ἄνευ οὐκ ἔστιν λόγου προφορά. οἶδα δὲ σαφῶς, ὦ εὐδόκιμοι καὶ τὸ οὐράνιον φῶς κατοικοῦντες ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅτιπερ ὑμεῖς ὡς ἄμεμπτοι καὶ τέλειοι οὐκ ἠχθέσθητε ἐπὶ τοῖς λεχθεῖσιν παρ' ἐμοῦ, ἕνεκα τῶν κατὰ τὴν φύσιν, οὐ κατὰ τὸ ἐπαινετὸν τῆς γνώμης, ὁμοίων ὑμῖν ἀγγέλων· οἷς ἐξ ἀρχῆς μέμψις παρηκολούθησεν, ὡς καὶ οἵτινες ὑμῖν μάλιστα ἀπίθανοί τινες πρὸς τὸν κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας ἀγῶνα φαίνονται. ὁ γὰρ λόγος μοί ἐστιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ θεϊκοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ φωτίζοντος ἅπαντα καὶ φιλοτιμουμένου τὰ θεϊκὰ τοῖς κτίσμασι τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ ἐφάμιλλα, τοῦ ἁγιάσαντος καὶ ὑμᾶς καὶ συνδοξαζομένου παρ' ὑμῶν ἅμα τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῷ υἱῷ διὰ τοῦ τρισαγίου αἴνου. μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ συνεπενεύσατε πνεῦμα τοῦτο τῆς ὑποστάσεως τοῦ θεοῦ ἓν καὶ μόνον καὶ θεὸν ἀνευφημήσαντί μοι· καὶ ἐβούλεσθε ἂν τάχα πανηγυρίζει δέ μοι ἐν τῷ μέρει τούτῳ τὸ βιβλίον δι' ὑπερβολὴν εὐνοίας ὑμῶν τῆς περὶ τὴν σεπτὴν καὶ ὁμοούσιον τριάδα ὑμετέρα τε εἶναι ῥήματα τὰ ἐκ τῆς τῶν γραφῶν διανοίας λεχθέντα παρὰ πολλῶν καὶ νῦν παρ' ἐμοῦ καὶ μηδέποτε σιωπὴν τούτοις ἐπιβληθῆναι, καὶ πάντας δὲ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων σχολὴν δαπανᾶν εἰς ὑπόθεσιν τοιαύτην. τοιγαροῦν διὰ τοῦτο κρίσει τῇ ὑπερτάτῃ, σὺ μὲν, ὦ ἅγιε Μιχαήλ, ἄρχειν τῶν 76 ἀσωμάτων στρατιῶν προεχειρίσθης καὶ ζώνῃ οἷον νοερᾷ ἐτιμήθης, καὶ εὐωδία τις τῆς πάντων δεσποζούσης παναγοῦς καὶ οἰκτίρμονος τριάδος ὑπάρχεις· σὺ δέ, ὦ ἅγιε Γαβριήλ, διακονήσασθαι τῷ μυστηρίῳ τῆς ἀφράστου οἰκονομίας, ὡς ἐχέμυθος καὶ πιστός, ἐξελέγης· ἄλλος δὲ ἄλλῳ, οὐδὲ αἰτήσας, θεοσδότῳ χαρίσματι τετίμηται, οἵῳ μὴ καὶ ἕτεροι, καὶ οἵῳ μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμεῖς, οἵῳ μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς. ὁ γὰρ θεὸς λόγος οὐ διὰ τοὺς ἁμαρτήσαντας ἀγγέλους ἄγγελος, ἀλλὰ διὰ τοὺς ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀνθρώπους ἄνθρωπος, ἀτρέπτως, ἀσυγχύτως, ἀναμαρτήτως, ἀφράστως, ὡς οἶδεν καὶ ἠβουλήθη, ἐκ τῆς παρθένου καὶ κατὰ τὴν σάρκα αὐτῆς καὶ πάντων ἡμῶν ἐγένετο, μείνας ὃ ἦν καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται, εἷς καὶ αὐτός. «εἷς γάρ», φησίν, «ἅγιος, εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς εἰς δό ξαν θεοῦ πατρός.» καὶ οὕτως, ὡς ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀνέβη, ἥξει τὸ δεύτερον, διακονουμένων αὐτῷ ἀγγελικῶν εὐδοκίμων φαλάγγων μυρίων μυριάδων, καὶ ἔτι καὶ κρινεῖ καὶ ποιήσει κατὰ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν αὐτοῦ. διὸ μετὰ τὰς ἐκκλησίας καὶ οἶκοι εὐκτήριοι τῷ θεῷ τῆς προσηγορίας ὑμῶν ἐπώνυμοι, ὦ εὐάρεστος ξυνωρὶς ἀρχαγγέλων, οὐκ ἐν μόναις ταῖς πόλεσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ στενωποῖς ἰδίᾳ καὶ οἰκίαις καὶ ἀγροῖς ἱδρύνθησαν, χρυσῷ καὶ ἀργύρῳ ἢ καὶ ἐλέφαντι κοσμηθέντες· ἴασίν τε οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀπωτέρω τῆς ἐνεγκαμένης αὐτοὺς χωρία τὰ ἔχοντα οἷον ὡς πρυτανεῖα ἐπιτευγμάτων τὰ εὐκτήρια προβεβλημένα, οὐκ ὀκνοῦντες καὶ πέλαγος διαλαβεῖν, ἢ δέοι, μακρόν, καὶ πολλῶν ἐφεξῆς ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν
The Divine Reward of Intercession§73
73It is as if they have even relaxed their efforts, as if to test a greater goodwill from you regarding the embassy, and a participation in the things of those who are zealous for the good things from God. For in his holy churches and in the pleasant and martyric places, as if in other heavens, his unceasing good things have been provided; and from those which this same King of kings and Lord of lords (Rev 19:16) has given and continues to give to each one even today, receiving a bloodless sacrifice offered piously and holily from these, he possesses all honors from men.
But I consider that regarding the things of the heretics and the things of theology, and the irrational animals—even the stones themselves—there is a readiness to agree with us. For what does not love for God do? Or what true charm yields to the heart? For know that it has been done, with God, that everything should be spoken, both with you and with the saints of our own nature who intercede, so that I might not yet have encountered any kind of lawsuit or bad accusation on your behalf, you who have honors according to your measure among all people; nor to call me by name into a contest or judgment concerning this, even when those who accuse are found to be speaking of things that are not; but rather that I might not be tested by being scrutinized as if I had heard words against the Word of God and the Holy Spirit, and out of shame or fear of the speaker, having yielded and having praised the unseemly things; or having at all times been negligent and having remained in a state of laziness, not being able to oppose with strength; especially to say many things from the opposite side, as if a convenient and easy day would always pass by for such things, either to receive a lawsuit or to take one.
For I consider all the toil and the danger to be a greatest and eternal profit for myself, for those from me, and for those with us, if it would be necessary to encounter a lawsuit or danger on behalf of Him who made us and saves us, and to judge and to have acted out of philanthropy for His sake, having the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Knowing, therefore, as chosen worshippers of the all-encompassing Trinity and ambassadors of the human race, that nothing else besides Him, the cause and life-giver of all, should be shown to you in terms of shame toward those who assemble with me, I owe these wise reminders and phrases to her.
Greek · §73
ἔσθ' ὅτε καὶ ἀργαλέαν ἐξανῦσαι, ὡς πειραθησόμενοι πλείονος εὐνοίας μὲν τῆς περὶ τὴν πρεσβείαν ἀπὸ ὑμῶν, μετουσίας δὲ τῆς τῶν φιλοτιμουμένων ὑπὲρ τοῦ εὖ ἀγαθῶν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. ἐν γὰρ ταῖς ἁγίαις αὐτοῦ ἐκκλησίαις καὶ τοῖς εὐκτηρίοις καὶ μαρτυρίοις, ὡς ἐν ἄλλοις οὐρανοῖς, τὰ ἀνέκλειπτα αὐτοῦ προὔθηκεν ἀγαθά· καὶ ἀφ' ὧν οὗτος αὐτὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων δέδωκέν τε καὶ ὁσημέραι δίδωσιν ἑκάστοις, ἀπὸ τούτων εὐσεβῶς καὶ ὁσίως προσφερομένην δέχεται ἀναίμακτον θυσίαν, καὶ πάντα ἔχει τὰ παρὰ ἀνθρώπων γέρα. νομίζω δὲ εἰς τὰ κατὰ αἱρετικῶν καὶ εἰς τὰ περὶ θεολογίας, καὶ τὰ ἄλογα ζῶα, μενοῦνγε τοὺς λίθους αὐτούς, τῇ προθυμίᾳ συμφθέγγεσθαι ἡμῖν. τί γὰρ οὐ ποιεῖ ὁ περὶ θεὸν ἔρως; ἢ τίνι παραχωρεῖ φίλτρον ἀληθὲς καρδίας; ἴστε γὰρ σὺν θεῷ δὲ πάντα εἰρήσθω οὕτω μεθ' ὑμῶν τε καὶ τῶν ἐκ τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως γεγονότων ἁγίων πρεσβευόντων πεπραχέναι, ὡς μηδένα πω μέχρι καὶ τήμερον οἷον δίκην τινά μοι καὶ κακηγορίας ἑλέσθαι λαχεῖν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων πρέσβεων τῶν τιμὰς τὰς πρὸς τὸ μέτρον ὑμῶν παρὰ πᾶσιν ἐχόντων· μηδὲ ὀνόματι καλέσαι με εἰς ἀγῶνα τὸν περὶ τούτου καὶ κρίσιν, καίτοι εὑρισκομένων τῶν τὰ μὴ ὄντα κατηγορούντων· ἀλλὰ μηδέ τινα πειραθῆναι διελέγξαι με ὡς εἴην λόγους ἀκούσας κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος καὶ δι' αἰδῶ τυχὸν ἢ φόβον τοῦ λέγοντος ἐπινεύσας καὶ τὰ μὴ καλὰ ἐπαινέσας· ἢ ὅλως ὀλιγωρήσας ποτὲ καὶ ἐν ῥαθυμίᾳ τῇ οὐκ ἐνδέοντι θέμενος τὸ πρὸς δύναμιν ἀντιτάξασθαι· μενοῦνγε ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου φάναι πολλούς, ὡς ἀεὶ παρῆλθον εὔτονος καὶ ἥμερος εἰς τὰ τοιαῦτα ἢ δώσων δίκην ἢ ληψόμενος. κέρδος γὰρ μέγιστον καὶ αἰώνιον ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐξ ἐμοῦ καὶ τῶν σὺν ἡμῖν ἡγοῦμαι καλῶς τὸ πάντα πόνον, εἰ δεήσοι, καὶ κίνδυνον ἑλέσθαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ ποιήσαντος ἡμᾶς καὶ σώζοντος, καὶ κρῖναι καὶ φιλανθρωπεύσασθαι αὐτοῦ ἕνεκα ἔχοντος, πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος. εἰδότες οὖν, ὡς ἐκλεκτοὶ λατρευταὶ μὲν τῆς παναγοῦς τριάδος, πρεσβευταὶ δὲ τοῦ ἀνθρώπων γένους, μηδὲν μετ' αὐτὴν τὴν πάντων αἴτιον καὶ ζωοποιὸν αἰδοῦς εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐλλελεῖφθαί μοι τῆς ὀφειλομένης εἰς τοὺς συναγορεύοντάς με ταύτῃ τῇ χορηγούσῃ ἐνθυμήσεις καὶ φράσεις σοφὰς αὐτῇ τε
Prayer for Trinitarian Worship and the Judgment of the Spirit§74
74Having listened to us and benefiting us; then also to you; and so much 'then', as it is fitting after the uncreated to decently remember the order of natures. Entreat privately on my behalf and those from me and with me, for it was not permitted to provide more to us than this: that the intention upon this might be preserved for me unmoved, and that the prayer, making the most good, self-sufficient and undivided Trinity, be received; and that we might be honored to hymn-trinitarian-speak it in the heavens for the infinite ages of ages, and for the sake of its promised and believed-in unending and indivisible kingdom. Amen, amen, amen.
For all things are to judge with Christ, but the time is tending again toward the original hypothesis, that with Christ, as God and Creator, the Holy Spirit is to judge all things. For whose is it to judge, if not the one having communion with the Maker of them, in divinity and kingship? As Isaiah prophesies (Isa 11:1-4): 'A rod shall come forth from the root of Jesse and a flower shall rise up from the root. And the Spirit of God shall rest upon him, a spirit of wisdom and understanding, a spirit of counsel and might, a spirit of knowledge and piety; and the Spirit shall fill him with the fear of God. He shall not judge according to the appearance, nor declare according to the speech; but he shall judge the poor with judgment and reprove the proud, and he shall select the humble of the earth, and shall tread the earth with the word of his mouth, and shall lift up the impious by the Spirit through his lips.' He speaks of a rod and a flower from the root of Jesse, the one sprouting from it in the incarnation and perfuming the hills with his own fragrance, upon whom we saw in the Gospels the Holy Spirit resting, and him as a judge with the Holy Spirit in the...
Greek · §74
ἀρεσκούσας καὶ ἡμᾶς εὐεργετούσας· ἔπειτα καὶ ὑμῖν· καὶ τοσούτῳ «ἔπειτα», ὅσῳ πρέπει μετὰ τὴν ἄκτιστον κτιστῆς εὐπρεπῶς μνημονεύειν φύσεως τάξαντας· ἱκετεύσατε ἰδικῶς ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐξ ἐμοῦ καὶ σὺν ἐμοὶ καὶ πάντων τούτου γὰρ 77 πλέον παρέχειν ἡμῖν οὐκ ἐπετράπητε, τήν τε ἐπὶ τούτῳ γνώμην διατηρηθῆναί μοι ἀκίνητον, τήν τε εὐχὴν ἐπ' ἄπειρον κατορθοῦσα ἀγαθωτάτη καὶ αὐτοτελὴς καὶ ἀδιαίρετος τρίας, προσδεχθῆναι· καὶ καταξιωθῆναι ἡμᾶς παντεκνεὶ, πανοικεὶ, παγγενεὶ καὶ παμφιλεὶ φίλοι δὲ ἡμῖν οἱ ὀρθόδοξοι σὺν ὑμῖν τε καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις ἁγιοτρισσολογῆσαι αὐτὴν ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς τοὺς ἀπεράντους αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων καὶ τῆς ἐπηγγελμένης καὶ πρὸς ἡμῶν πιστευομένης ἀτελευτήτου καὶ ἀδιαιρέτου αὐτῆς βασιλείας χάριν αὐτῆς τυχεῖν. ἀμήν, ἀμήν, ἀμήν. 7.9ν ὅτι σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ κρίνειν μέλλει τὰ πάντα ἀλλ' ὥρα γὰρ εἰς τὴν ἀρχθεῖσαν ὑπόθεσιν αὖθις οὖν τείνεσθαι, ὅτι σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ, ἅτε θεὸς καὶ δημιουργός, τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα κρίνειν μέλλει τὰ πάντα. τίνος γὰρ καὶ ἔστιν κρίναι ἢ τοῦ κοινωνίαν ἔχοντος πρὸς τὸν ποιήσαντα αὐτά, θεότητος καὶ βασιλείας; ὡς προφητεύει Ἠσαῖας μέν· «ἐξελεύσεται ῥάβδος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἰεσσαὶ καὶ ἄνθος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης ἀναβήσεται. καὶ ἀναπαύσεται ἐπ' αὐτὸν πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ, πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως, πνεῦμα βουλῆς καὶ ἰσχύος, πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας· καὶ ἐμπλήσει αὐτὸν πνεῦμα φόβου θεοῦ. οὐ κατὰ τὴν δόξαν κρινεῖ οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν λαλιὰν ἐλέγξει· ἀλλὰ κρινεῖ τα πεινῷ κρίσιν καὶ ἐλέγξει τοὺς ὑπερηφάνους καὶ ἐξελεῖται τοὺς ταπεινοὺς τῆς γῆς, καὶ πατάξει τὴν γῆν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ στόματος αὐ τοῦ καὶ ἐν πνεύματι διὰ χειλέων ἀνελεῖ ἀσεβεῖς.» ῥάβδον καὶ ἄνθος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἰεσσαὶ λέγει τὸν ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐν τῇ ἐνανθρωπήσει βλαστήσαντα καὶ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ εὐωδίᾳ τὴν ὑφήλιον ῥώσαντα, ἐφ' ὃν εἴδομεν ἐν εὐαγγελίοις ἀναπαυσάμενον τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, κριτὴν δὲ αὐτὸν σὺν τῷ ἁγίῳ πνεύματι ἐν τῇ
The Spirit as Judge and Power§75
75Waiting to see at the second appearance. For this is what both 'he will expose the ungodly by the Spirit through lips' (Isa 63:9) and what is said elsewhere to the same prophet: 'in a spirit of judgment and in a spirit of burning' (Isa 34:3) means. And David says in Psalm 139: 'Where shall I go from your Spirit? And from your face where shall I flee?' The 'where shall I go' and 'where shall I flee' have a broad emphasis; for it means to be present everywhere and that the Holy Spirit is a judge. For it is 'fearful', truly, according to the apostle, 'to fall into the hands of the living God' (Heb 10:31), he who says in Psalm 51: 'I will confess and present your sins before your face' (Ps 51:5). And the prophecy of Michael also mentioned briefly contributes to this point. And what stronger proof could anyone say to this, regarding the Savior speaking through John about the Holy Spirit: 'He will convict the world concerning sin and concerning righteousness and concerning judgment' (John 16:8)?
For Paul, in the power of the Spirit, blinded the magician Elymas; for in the surpassing power of the Holy Spirit, Paul in Cyprus blinded the magician Elymas, who was campaigning against the saints and ravaging with the truth, by a word. For the Scripture, showing the power to be of the Spirit, says to them by names thus: 'Then Paul, being filled with the Holy Spirit, said to him: Behold, the hand of the Lord is upon you, and you shall be blind, not seeing the sun' (Acts 13:11). For truly, it is not that he, not having the all-working power of the Spirit, was saving by human magic and trusting in demons, that the seeing was extinguished by a word. For that the heavens, having been opened by the power of the All-Holy Spirit, were seen by the holy Stephen (Acts 7:56). For that the heavens, having been unfolded by the power and grace of the Holy Spirit, were seen by the one with the double crowns.
Greek · §75
δευτέρᾳ παρουσίᾳ ἰδεῖν περιμενόμενον. τοῦτο γὰρ σημαίνει τό τε: «ἐν πνεύματι διὰ χειλέων ἀνελεῖ ἀσεβεῖς», καὶ τὸ ἀλλαχοῦ εἰρημένον τῷ αὐτῷ προφήτῃ· «ἐν πνεύματι κρίσεως καὶ ἐν πνεύματι καύσεως.» ∆αυὶδ δὲ ἐν ρληʹ ψαλμῷ φησιν· «ποῦ πορευθῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός σου; καὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου σου ποῦ φύγω»; τό· «ποῦ πορευθῶ» καὶ «ποῦ φύγω» πλατεῖαν ἔχει ἔμφασιν· σημαίνει γὰρ πανταχοῦ παρεῖναι καὶ κριτὴν ὑπάρχειν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. «φοβερόν», γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς, κατὰ τὸν ἀπόστολον, «ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖ ρας θεοῦ ζῶντος», τοῦ λέγοντος, ἐν μθʹ ψαλμῷ· «ἐλέγξω καὶ παραστήσω κατὰ πρόσωπόν σου τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου.» καὶ τοῦ Μιχαίου δὲ ἡ μικρῷ πρόσθεν λεχθεῖσα προφητεία καὶ εἰς τόδε συντελεῖ τὸ κεφάλαιον. ποίαν δὲ ἀπόδειξιν ἂν εἴποι τις ἰσχυροτέραν εἰς τοῦτο τοῦ καὶ σωτῆρα παρ' Ἰωάννῃ λέγειν περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος· «ἐλθὼν ἐκεῖνος ἐλέγξει τὸν κόσμον περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ περὶ δικαιο σύνης καὶ περὶ κρίσεως»; 7.10ν ὅτι ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ πνεύματος Ἐλύμαν τὸν μάγον ἐξετύφλωσεν ὅτι ἐν τῇ ὑπερβαλλούσῃ δυνάμει τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ὁ Παῦλος ἐν Κύπρῳ Ἐλύμαν τὸν μάγον, ἐπιστρατεύοντα τοῖς ἁγίοις καὶ λυμαινόμενον τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἐξετύφλωσεν λόγῳ. τοῦ πνεύματος γὰρ εἶναι τὴν δύναμιν δεικνῦσα ἡ γραφή, λέγει αὐτοῖς ὀνόμασιν οὕτως· «τότε ὁ Παῦλος πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου, εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν· ἰδοὺ χεὶρ κυρίου ἐπὶ σὲ καὶ ἔσῃ τυφλὸς μὴ βλέπων τὸν ἥλιον.» ἀληθῶς γὰρ οὐκ αὐτόν, μὴ ἔχοντα τοῦ πνεύματος τὴν πάντα ἐνεργοῦσαν δύναμιν, ἀνθρώπου μαγγανείαις σώζοντος καὶ δαίμοσι πεποιθότος τὸ βλέπειν ῥήματι ἀποσβέσαι. 7.11ν ὅτι τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ παναγίου πνεύματος ἀνεῳχθέντες οἱ οὐρανοὶ ὤφθησαν τῷ ὁσίῳ Στεφάνῳ. ὅτι τῇ δυνάμει καὶ χάριτι τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἀναπτυχθέντες οἱ οὐρανοὶ ὤφθησαν τῷ διπλοῦς στεφάνους
The Foreknowledge of the Holy Spirit§76
76Having been refreshed by apostolic testimony and witness, he says: 'Stephen, having been filled with the Holy Spirit, saw the heavens opened' (Acts 7:55). Thus it is as has been received from ancient times: from heaven, therefore, is the unapproachable, spotless ether.
He is a prophet, that is, he foreknows, just as the Father and the Son do; but it belongs to the divine nature alone to know precisely the things that are to come. For creation, while it brings forward all things that are speculative from itself, sees only unerringly and without deviation that which the Holy Spirit teaches it. For by His divine rays, it not only illuminates the powers in heaven once, but also brightens the eyes of our souls, and it frequently shows in many ways the things to come, and it facilitates through its own goodness and philanthropy those things contributing to the useful for human nature, so that one might say of creation: it is such when our sleeping nature does not write its destiny through the provider by means of creation, but upon itself.
And the testimonies concerning the foreknowledge of the Spirit from the apostolic deeds are in these things. From Peter to the Jews: 'Men, brothers, it was necessary for the Scripture to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit foretold through the mouth of David concerning Judas, the guide of those who seized Jesus' (Acts 1:16; 13:27). So indeed he said 'it was necessary'; for every word of God alone is not incomplete. And from Paul: 'The Holy Spirit testifies to me city by city, saying, that tribulations and distresses remain with me' (2 Cor 11:26). And through the prophet Agabus, he forewarned of a famine coming under heaven because of the failings of men, as a good thing, just as also regarding Nineveh, that if they had been made reverent by repentance they would flee the evil (Acts 11:28; Jonah 3:10), which also happened to many in later times during the reign of Claudius. And in the Gospel, Christ says concerning the Spirit: 'And He will announce to you the things that are coming,' that is, the things to come (John 16:13).
Greek · §76
ἀναδησαμένῳ ἀποστολῆς καὶ μαρτυρίου. φησὶν γάρ· «Στέφανος πλησθεὶς πνεύματος ἁγίου εἶδεν τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἀνεῳγμέ νους.» ὥστε εἶναι τὸ ὑπὸ ἀρχαίου εἰρομένον· οὐρανόθεν δ' ἄρ' ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ. 7.12ν ὅτι προγνώστης ὅτι προγινώσκει, ὡς ὁ πατὴρ καὶ ὁ υἱός· μόνης δὲ θεϊκῆς φύσεώς ἐστιν, ἀκριβῶς εἰδέναι τὰ μέλλοντα. ἡ γὰρ κτίσις πάντα μὲν τὰ ἀφ' ἑαυτῆς στοχαστικὰ προφέρει, ἐκεῖνο δὲ μόνον ἀπλανῶς καὶ ἀπαραβάτως προβλέπει, ὃ αὐτὴν διδάξῃ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. ταῖς γὰρ 78 θείαις ἀκτῖσιν αὐτοῦ μονονουχὶ τὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ καταλάμπον δυνάμεις, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν ἀπολαμπρύνον τὰ ὄμματα, ὑποδείκνυσί τε πολλάκις διαφόρως τὰ μέλλοντα καὶ συγχωρεῖ δι' οἰκείαν ἀγαθότητα καὶ φιλανθρωπίαν τὰ πρὸς τὸ χρήσιμον συντελοῦντα τῇ ἀνθρωπείᾳ φύσει ἐκ λέγειν ποτὲ τὴν κτίσιν· ἅπερ ἔσθ' ὅτε ἡ ἔνυλος ἡμῶν φύσις οὐ τῷ χορηγήσαντι διὰ μέσης τῆς κτίσεως, ἀλλ' αὐτῇ ἐπιγράφει. αἱ δὲ περὶ τῆς προγνώσεως τοῦ πνεύματος ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποστολικῶν πράξεων μαρτυρίαι εἰσὶν ἐν τούτοις. ἀπὸ τοῦ Πέτρου πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους· «ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί, ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν γραφήν, ἣν προεῖπεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον διὰ στόματος ∆αυὶδ περὶ Ἰούδα τοῦ γενομένου ὁδηγοῦ τῶν συλλαβόντων Ἰησοῦν.» εὖ τοίνυν εἶπε τὸ «ἔδει»· θεοῦ γὰρ μόνου πᾶς λόγος οὐκ ἀτελεύτητος. καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Παύλου· «τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον κατὰ πόλιν διαμαρτύρεταί με λέγον, ὅτι δεσ μὰ καὶ θλίψεις με μένουσιν.» καὶ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου δὲ Ἀγάβου σιτοδείαν ἐσομένην τῇ ὑπ' οὐρανὸν διὰ τὰς ἀνθρώπων πλημμελείας προεμήνυσεν ὡς ἀγαθός, καθὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Νινευῆ, ὡς ἂν εὐλαβηθέντες μετανοίᾳ φύγοιεν τὸ κακὸν ἥτις καὶ συνέβη πολλοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου. καὶ ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ δὲ ὁ Χριστὸς περὶ τοῦ πνεύματός φησιν· «καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν», τουτέστιν τὰ μέλλοντα. 79