The Gnostic
Gnosticus
The Gnostic and the Practical§1
1Practical men will understand practical words, but Gnostics will see Gnostic things.
A practical man is one who has acquired only the passive part of the soul to be impassive.
A Gnostic, however, holds the word of salt for the impure, but of light for the pure.
The knowledge occurring to us from without attempts to point out the elements through words; but the knowledge approaching from the grace of God presents the realities to the intellect by the mind's own vision, toward which the intellect looks, and brings to them its own words; but error opposes the former, and anger and passion oppose the latter, and those following them.
All virtues make the way for the Gnostic; but above all is impassivity. For he who has grasped knowledge and is easily moved toward anger is like one piercing his own eyes with an iron probe.
Let the Gnostic be secure in his descents, lest a state of descending happen to him without his noticing, and let him constantly test all virtues equally, making them right, so that they may follow one another and be in him, because the intellect is by nature prone to be betrayed by diminution.
It is shameful for a Gnostic to judge both the one being wronged and the one doing wrong; the one being wronged because he did not endure, and the one doing wrong because he did wrong.
Knowledge, being preserved, teaches the one participating in it how he might be guarded and proceed toward greater things.
It is just for monks and for those in the world to discourse correctly concerning right conduct and to clarify in part those doctrines of natural or theological matters, without which no one will see the Lord.
Know the words and the laws of times, lives, and customs, so that you may easily say to each what is profitable.
Do not allegorize the words of false persons, nor seek anything spiritual in them, unless God has acted through economy, as in Balaam (Numbers 22:28) and Caiaphas (Matthew 27:24), so that one speaks concerning the birth and the other concerning the death of our Savior.
Greek · §1
Gnosticus (fragmenta Graeca) Ο ΓΝΩΣΤΙΚΟΣ Η ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΚΑΤΑΞΙΩΘΕΝΤΑ ΓΝΩΣΕΩΣ 1 Πρακτικοὶ λόγους νοήσουσι πρακτικούς, γνωστικοὶ δὲ ὄψονται γνωστικά. 2 Πρακτικὸς μέν ἐστιν ὁ τὸ παθητικὸν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς μόνον ἀπαθὲς κεκτημένος. 3 Γνωστικὸς δὲ ὁ ἁλὸς μὲν λόγον ἐπέχων τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις, φωτὸς δὲ τοῖς καθαροῖς. 4 Ἡ μὲν ἔξωθεν ἡμῖν συμβαίνουσα γνῶσις, διὰ τῶν λόγων ὑποδεικνύειν πειρᾶται τὰς ὕλας· ἡ δὲ ἐκ Θεοῦ χάριτος ἐγγινομένη, αὐτοψεὶ τῇ διανοίᾳ παρίστησι τὰ πράγματα, πρὸς ἃ βλέπων ὁ νοῦς, τοὺς αὐτῶν λόγους προσίεται· ἀντίκειται δὲ τῇ μὲν προτέρᾳ ἡ πλάνη· τῇ δὲ δευτέρᾳ ὀργὴ καὶ θυμός· καὶ τὰ τούτοις παρακολουθοῦντα. 5 Πᾶσαι τῷ γνωστικῷ ὁδοποιοῦσιν αἱ ἀρεταί· ὑπὲρ δὲ πάσας ἡ ἀοργησία. Ὁ γὰρ γνώσεως ἐφαψάμενος καὶ πρὸς ὀργὴν ῥᾳδίως κινούμενος, ὅμοιός ἐστι τῷ σιδηρᾷ περόνῃ τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ ὀφθαλμοὺς κατανύττοντι. 6 Ἀσφαλιζέσθω δὲ ἐν ταῖς συγκαταβάσεσιν ὁ γνωστικός, μήποτε λάθῃ αὐτὸν ἕξις γινομένη ἡ συγκατάβασις, καὶ πειράσθω πάσας ἐπίσης ἀεὶ τὰς ἀρετὰς κατορθοῦν, ἵνα ἀντακολουθῶσιν ἀλλήλαις καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ, διὰ τὸ πεφυκέναι τὸν νοῦν ὑπὸ τῆς ἐλαττουμένης προδίδοσθαι. 8 Αἰσχρὸν γνωστικῷ τὸ δικάζεσθαι καὶ ἀδικουμένῳ καὶ ἀδικοῦντι· ἀδικουμένῳ μὲν ὅτι οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν, ἀδικοῦντι δὲ ὅτι ἠδίκησε. 9 Ἡ γνῶσις συντηρουμένη διδάσκει τὸν μετέχοντα αὐτῆς ὅπως ἂν διαφυλαχθῇ καὶ ἐπὶ μείζονα προέλθοι. 13 ∆ίκαιον τοῖς μοναχοῖς καὶ τοῖς κοσμικοῖς περὶ πολιτείας ὀρθῆς διαλέγεσθαι καὶ ὅσα τῆς φυσικῆς ἢ θεολογικῆς δόγματα σαφηνίζειν ἐκ μέρους, ὧν χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον. 15 Γνώριζε καιρῶν καὶ βίων καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων τοὺς λόγους καὶ τοὺς νόμους, ἵνα ἔχῃς ἑκάστῳ τὰ συμφέροντα ῥᾳδίως λέγειν. 21 Τοὺς τῶν ψεκτῶν προσώπων λόγους οὐκ ἀλληγορήσεις, οὐδὲ ζητήσεις τι πνευματικὸν ἐν αὐτοῖς, πλὴν εἰ μὴ δι' οἰκονομίαν ὁ Θεὸς ἐνήργησεν, ὡς ἐν τῷ Βαλαὰμ καὶ Καϊάφᾳ, ἵνα ὁ μὲν περὶ γενέσεως, ὁ δὲ περὶ θανάτου τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν
Instructions for the Gnostic§2
2He should speak. It is necessary that the gnostic be neither surly nor unapproachable; for the one is ignorant of the words of things coming to pass, and the other is unwilling that all men be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth (2π 3:7). Pay attention to yourself, lest for the sake of gain, or to be well-liked, or for the sake of passing glory, you should say something of the secret things and be cast out from the sacred precincts, just as he himself in the temple was selling the pigeons' young (Matt 21:12). Do not theologize without reflection, and never define the divine; for terms belong to things that have come to be and are composedsed.
.............................................. that he who has been tried by malice hates malice, and the trial of abandonment is a relative thing............................. The teachers should always say to you: 'Friend, ascend upward; for it is shameful for you, having ascended, to be dragged down again by those who hear.' The lover of silver is not the one possessing money, but the one being carried away by these; for they say the steward is a logical purse.
He exhorts to respect the elders, but to restrain the bellies of the young; for the former are the spiritual, while the latter, the more excessive, are the bodily, and demons contend against them. Bind the mouths of those babbling in your ears; and do not be amazed when being accused by many; for this is the temptation from demons; for the gnostic must be free from hatred and malice, and from being unwilling. It has perhaps been written that he who heals himself by healing men through the Lord is a certain type; for what the gnostic approaches as a medicine, he provides to his neighbor somewhat, but he heals himself by necessity. Let the one who is higher regarding judgment be hidden from the worldly and the young.
Greek · §2
προείπῃ. 22 ∆εῖ δὲ μὴ σκυθρωπὸν εἶναι τὸν γνωστικὸν μηδὲ δυσπρόσιτον· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀγνοοῦντός ἐστι τοὺς λόγους τῶν γινομένων· τὸ δὲ μὴ βουλομένου πάντας ἀνθρώπους σωθῆναι καὶ εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν. 24 Πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ μήποτε κέρδους ἕνεκεν ἢ τοῦ εὐπαθεῖν, ἢ δόξης χάριν παρερχομένης, εἴπῃς τι τῶν ἀπορρήτων καὶ βληθῇς ἔξω τῶν ἱερῶν περιβόλων, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ ναῷ τὰ τῆς περιστερᾶς τέκνα πιπράσκων. 27 Μὴ ἀπερισκέπτως θεολογήσῃς, μηδέποτε ὁρίζου τὸ θεῖον· τῶν γὰρ γεγονότων καὶ συνθέτων εἰσὶν οἱ ὅροι. 28 .............................................. ........ ὅτι μισεῖ κακίαν ὁ πειραθεὶς κακίαν, πεῖρα δὲ τῆς ἐγκαταλείψεως ἔγγονος ............................. 29 Οἱ διδασκόμενοι λεγέτωσάν σοι ἀεὶ τό· φίλε προσανάβηθι ἄνω· αἰσχρὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἀναβάντα σε πάλιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουόντων κατενεχθῆναι. 30 Φιλάργυρός ἐστιν οὐχ ὁ ἔχων χρήματα, ἀλλ' ὁ ἐφιέμενος τούτων· τὸν γὰρ οἰκονόμον εἶναί φασι βαλάντιον λογικόν. 1 31 Γέροντας μὲν θυμοῦ, τοὺς δὲ νέους γαστρὸς κρατεῖν παρακάλει· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ οἱ ψυχικοί, τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον οἱ σωματικοὶ διαμάχονται δαίμονες. 32 Ἔμφραττε στόματα τῶν καταλαλούντων ἐν ἀκοαῖς σου· καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὑπὸ πλείστων κατηγορούμενος· οὗτος γὰρ ὁ πειρασμὸς ἐκ δαιμόνων· τὸν γὰρ γνωστικὸν ἐλεύθερον εἶναι δεῖ μίσους καὶ μνησικακίας, καὶ μὴ βουλομένων. 33 Λέληθεν ἴσως ἑαυτὸν θεραπεύων ὁ διὰ τὸν Κύριον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἰώμενος· ὃ γὰρ προσάγει φάρμακον ὁ γνωστικός, τὸν μὲν πλησίον ἐνδεχομένως, ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἀναγκαίως ἰᾶται. 36 Λανθανέτω τοὺς κοσμικοὺς καὶ τοὺς νέους ὁ περὶ κρίσεως ὑψηλότερος
On Intellectual Error and the Four Virtues§3
3A word, producing contempt easily; for the rational soul will not equal the pain of being condemned for its ignorance.
Saint Paul, treating the body as a slave, says: do not neglect your diet in your life, and do not despise impassibility in a body that has been humbled by suffering. Do not worry about food or clothing, but remember the Levite Abner who, having received the ark of the Lord, became rich from the poor and glorious from the worthless.
Every proposition or genus has either a predicate, or a difference, or a species, or a property, or an accident, or a composition of these; but nothing of the said things can be grasped regarding the Holy Trinity. Let the unspeakable be worshipped in silence.
A temptation of the knower is a false opinion standing regarding the existing as if it were not existing, the non-existing as if it were existing, and the existing as if it were something else.
We have learned from the righteous Gregory that there are four virtues and their contemplation: prudence and courage, temperance and justice; and he said the work of prudence is to contemplate the noetic and holy powers without words, for wisdom alone has handed them over to be made manifest; courage is to hold fast to the truths and to fight, and not to step into non-entities; temperance he defined as receiving the seeds from the first farmer and repelling the sower; justice, again, is to render to each according to his due, some announcing darkly, some signifying through riddles, and some even making things manifest for the benefit of...
Greek · §3
λόγος, γεννῶν ῥᾳδίως τὴν καταφρόνησιν· οὐ γὰρ ἴσασιν ὀδύνην ψυχῆς λογικῆς καταδικασθείσης τὴν ἄγνοιαν. 37 Ὁ ἅγιος Παῦλος ὑποπιάζων ἐδουλαγώγει τὸ σῶμα· μὴ ἀμελήσῃς οὖν τῆς διαίτης ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου καὶ μὴ καθυβρίσῃς τὴν ἀπάθειαν σώματι παχεῖ ταπεινώσας αὐτήν. 38 Μὴ μεριμνήσῃς περὶ βρωμάτων ἢ ἐνδυμάτων, ἀλλὰ μέμνησο τοῦ Ἀβενὴρ τοῦ λευίτου ὃς τὴν κιβωτὸν ὑποδεξάμενος τοῦ Κυρίου, πλούσιος ἐκ πενήτων καὶ ἔνδοξος ἐξ ἀτίμων γέγονε. 41 Πᾶσα πρότασις ἢ γένος ἔχει κατηγορούμενον, ἢ διαφοράν, ἢ εἶδος, ἢ ἴδιον, ἢ συμβεβηκός, ἢ τὸ ἐκ τούτων συγκείμενον· οὐδὲν δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος τῶν εἰρημένων ἔστι λαβεῖν. Σιωπῇ προσκυνείσθω τὸ ἄρρητον. 42 Πειρασμὸς γνωστικοῦ ἐστιν ὑπόληψις ψευδὴς περὶ τὸν νοῦν ἱσταμένη τοῦ ὑπάρχοντος μὲν ὡς μὴ ὑπάρχοντος, τοῦ δὲ μὴ ὑπάρχοντος ὡς ὑπάρχοντος, καὶ τοῦ ὑπάρχοντος μὲν μὴ οὕτως δὲ ὑπάρχοντος ὥσπερ γέγονε. 44 Τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς καὶ τῆς θεωρίας αὐτῆς, παρὰ τοῦ δικαίου Γρηγορίου μεμαθήκαμεν εἶναι, φρόνησιν καὶ ἀνδρείαν, σωφροσύνην καὶ δικαιοσύνην· καὶ φρονήσεως μὲν ἔργον ἔλεγεν εἶναι τὸ θεωρεῖν τὰς νοερὰς καὶ ἁγίας δυνάμεις δίχα τῶν λόγων· τούτους γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς σοφίας μόνης δηλοῦσθαι παραδέδωκεν· ἀνδρείας δὲ τὸ ἐγκαρτερεῖν τοῖς ἀληθέσι καὶ πολεμούμενον, καὶ μὴ ἐμβατεύειν εἰς τὰ μὴ ὄντα· τὸ δὲ παρὰ τοῦ πρώτου γεωργοῦ δέχεσθαι τὰ σπέρματα καὶ ἀπωθεῖσθαι τὸν ἐπισπορέα, τῆς σωφροσύνης ἴδιον ἀπεκρίνατο εἶναι· δικαιοσύνης δὲ πάλιν, τὸ κατ' ἀξίαν ἑκάστῳ τοὺς λόγους ἀποδιδόναι, τὰ μὲν σκοτεινῶς ἀπαγγέλλουσαν, τὰ δὲ δι' αἰνιγμάτων σημαίνουσαν, τινὰ δὲ καὶ φανεροῦσαν πρὸς ὠφέλειαν τῶν
Models of Knowledge and Discipline§4
4Of simpler things. Basil the Cappadocian is the pillar of truth. He says that diligent study and training hold fast the knowledge coming from men, while justice, impartiality, and mercy bring near the knowledge coming near from the grace of God. The former can even receive the passion-driven, but of the latter, only the passionless are receptive, who behold the inherent light of the mind even outside the time of prayer.
Of the Egyptians, the holy light Athanasius is. He says that Moses stands to set the table in the northern part (Exodus 13:3). Let the knowers recognize who is breathing against them, and let them bravely endure every temptation, and with readiness let them nourish those approaching.
Serapion, the angel of the church of the Themites, used to say that the mind, having been feathered, is perfectly purified by spiritual knowledge, but love heals the burning fragments of the soul; and self-control stops the flowing of evil desires.
Didymus, the great and gnostic teacher, says: always train yourself in the discourses concerning providence and judgment, and carry the matters of these in memory; for almost all stumble in these things. And you will find the discourses concerning judgment in the distinction of bodies and worlds; but those concerning providence lead us back from the ways of evil and ignorance toward virtue or toward knowledge.
Looking always toward the archetype, I strive to write the icons, adding nothing of those who work toward gaining the falling one.
Greek · §4
ἁπλουστέρων. 45 Τῆς ἀληθείας ὁ στύλος ὁ καππαδόκης Βασίλειος· τὴν μὲν ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων, φησίν, ἐπισυμβαίνουσαν γνῶσιν, προσεχὴς μελέτη καὶ γυμνασία κρατύνει· τὴν δὲ ἐκ Θεοῦ χάριτος ἐγγινομένην, δικαιοσύνη καὶ ἀοργησία καὶ ἔλεος· καὶ τὴν μὲν προτέραν, δυνατὸν καὶ τοὺς ἐμπαθεῖς ὑποδέξασθαι· τῆς δὲ δευτέρας οἱ ἀπαθεῖς μόνοι εἰσὶ δεκτικοί· οἳ καὶ παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς τὸ οἰκεῖον φέγγος τοῦ νοῦ περιλάμπον αὐτοὺς θεωροῦσιν. 46 Τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ὁ ἅγιος φωστὴρ Ἀθανάσιος· τὴν τράπεζαν, φησί, Μωϋσῆς εἰς τὸ βόρειον μέρος στῆσαι προστάσσεται· γινωσκέτωσαν οἱ γνωστικοὶ τίς ὁ πνέων ἐστὶ κατ' αὐτῶν, καὶ πάντα πειρασμὸν γενναίως ὑπομενέτωσαν, καὶ μετὰ προθυμίας τοὺς προσιόντας τρεφέτωσαν. 47 Ἔλεγεν ὁ τῆς Θμουϊτῶν ἐκκλησίας ἄγγελος Σαραπίων ὅτι ὁ νοῦς μὲν πεπωκὼς πνευματικὴν γνῶσιν τελείως καθαίρεται, ἀγάπη δὲ τὰ φλεγμαίνοντα μόρια τοῦ θυμοῦ θεραπεύει· πονηρὰς δὲ ἐπιθυμίας ἐπιρρεούσας ἵστησιν ἐγκράτεια. 48 Τοὺς περὶ προνοίας καὶ κρίσεως κατὰ σαυτὸν ἀεὶ γύμναζε λόγους, φησὶν ὁ μέγας καὶ γνωστικὸς διδάσκαλος ∆ίδυμος, καὶ τούτων τὰς ὕλας διὰ μνήμης φέρειν 2 πειράθητι· ἅπαντες γὰρ σχεδὸν ἐν τούτοις προσπταίουσι. Καὶ τοὺς μὲν περὶ κρίσεως λόγους ἐν τῇ διαφορᾷ τῶν σωμάτων καὶ τῶν κόσμων εὑρήσεις· τοὺς δὲ περὶ προνοίας ἐν τοῖς τρόποις τοῖς ἀπὸ κακίας καὶ ἀγνωσίας ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν γνῶσιν ἡμᾶς ἐπανάγουσι. 50 Πρὸς τὸ ἀρχέτυπον βλέπων ἀεὶ πειρῶ γράφειν τὰς εἰκόνας μηδὲν παρεὶς τῶν συντελούντων πρὸς τὸ κερδᾶναι τὴν ἐκπεσοῦσαν. 3