Commentary on Zechariah · §36

The Call to Flee Babylon and the Vision of the Four Chariots

Reasonings separate one from God.

Regarding the question of whether the remembered creature is unclean and finds joy in bad habits, he builds his own beauty from human toil. What follows this, besides that he himself, whom I call the watcher, and his youths live in uncleanness? For this, observing human things, he received this title; but I say human things are the strifes, rivalries, and false zeal, about which the Apostle writes, rebuking those held by them: 'For where there is strife and rivalry among you, are you not human, and are you walking according to the flesh?' (1 Cor 3:3). Those called such flesh, you might graciously say are women, taking on bad habits, perhaps having been struck and eaten by the said watcher, in an allegorical sense, so as to cast out those seized by fear lest they be destroyed, and to raise filters leading to licentiousness.

It is proper for the one taking up wings like a dove to abstain from these women and their wings, in which the one spread out rests, finding 'the Sabbath which remains to the people of God' (Heb 4:9); you will understand the Holy Spirit descending in the form of a dove in the Jordan, whom he holds alone, and everyone who rests between the two covenants, called lots according to: 'If you sleep between the lots, wings of a dove are fluttering about.' To be winged according to these things is blessed; for they take up the one having them into heaven and the things above the world.

Of the two women being winged according to the watcher, hovering over the measure upon which lawlessness sits between heaven and earth—for even the sinful angels, and the earthly demons, and men who 'bear the image of the swine' (Matt 7:6) have tested it—the one seeing the revelation seeing it hovering and being carried away with the measure upon which lawlessness sits, says to the angel speaking in him: 'Where are these carrying the measure?' And the angel answering says: 'To build him a house in the land of Babylon, and they shall set him there upon his preparation' (Rev 18:2). For what other fitting place is there for the one having lawlessness by measure, except the confusion, so that he may find ready...

Will it be a whale to those pressing upon it? Therefore, one must depart and flee from Babylon because the measure has been placed there to be found ready for those willing. Thus the divine word cries out like a herald to one desiring to be diligent: 'Come out of Babylon, fleeing from the land of the Chaldeans' (Rev 18:4). Having understood the vision of the prophet to be such, let us love to have wings formerly, having been made to fly according to the Holy Spirit; for in this way it is most easy to pass into the super-celestial things.

And I turned and lifted my eyes and saw; and behold, four chariots proceeding from between two mountains, and the mountains were mountains of bronze (Zech 6:1). In the first chariot were red horses, and in the second chariot were black horses, and in the third chariot were white horses, and in the fourth chariot were variegated, speckled horses. And I answered and said to the angel speaking in me: 'What are these, Lord?' And the angel speaking in me answered and said: 'These are the four winds of heaven, proceeding to stand ready for the Lord of all the earth' (Zech 6:5). In which chariot were the black horses, they were proceeding toward the earth of the north, and the white horses were proceeding after them, and the speckled horses were proceeding toward the earth of the south, and the variegated horses were proceeding and were looking to go and to go around the earth. And they went around the earth. And he cried out and spoke to me saying: 'Behold, the ones proceeding toward the earth of the north have stilled my wrath in the land of the north' (Zech 6:8).

Turning to receive yet another revelation, the prophet saw four chariots from between two bronze mountains. The first chariot had red horses yoked together, the second black, the third white, the fourth variegated and speckled. Having beheld the four chariots, desiring to learn about them, he inquires of the angel speaking in him what the seen things are. But he answers saying they are the four winds of heaven, making manifest the four climates of the inhabited world. And the black ones were seen proceeding from the land of the north, the white ones proceeding after them; but the speckled and variegated ones were coming from the south. Everything was said to me about the horses as much as possible when they were seen in the first...

Greek

39 λογισμοὶ χωρίζουσιν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ.» 1.394 Πρὸς τῷ πωτᾶσθαι περὶ τὰ μνήματα τὸ μνημονευθὲν ζῷον διὰ τὸ ἀκάθαρτον ὑπάρχειν καὶ χαῖρον ταῖς δυσωδίαις, ἐκ κόπρου ἀνθρωπίνης τὴν καλιὰν ἑαυτοῦ κατασκευάζει. Τί δὲ τούτῳ ἀκολουθεῖ ἢ τὸ καὶ αὐτόν, τὸν ἔποπά φημι, καὶ τοὺς νεόττους αὐτοῦ ἐν ἀκαθαρσίᾳ διάγειν; 1.395 Πρὸς τούτῳ καὶ τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ἐποπτεύων ἔσχεν τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ταύτην· ἀνθρώπινα δέ φημι τὰς ἔριδας καὶ φιλονεικίας καὶ τοὺς ψεγομένους ζήλους, περὶ ὧν γράφει ὁ Ἀπόστολος, ἐλέγχων τοὺς ἐνεχομένους αὐτοῖς· «Ὅπου γὰρ ζῆλος καὶ ἔρις ἐν ὑμῖν, οὐχὶ ἄνθρωποί ἐστε, καὶ κατὰ σάρκα περιπατεῖτε;» 1.396 Τοὺς οὕτω σάρκας καλουμένους χαριέντως ἐρεῖς γυναῖκας εἶναι εἰς κακοσχολίας παραλαμβανούσας πεφθέντα τάχα καὶ βρωθέντα τὸν εἰρημένον κατ' ἀναγωγὴν ἔποπα, ὥστ' ἐξαμβλῶσαι τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ φόβου συλλαμβανόμενα ἵνα μὴ ἀποτελ̣ῆται, καὶ φίλτρα ἐγεῖραι εἰς ἀκολασίαν ἄγοντα. 1.397 Τούτων τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ τῶν πτερύγων αὐτῶν ἀποσχέσθαι προσήκει τὸν ἀναλαβόντα πτέρυγας ὡς περιστερᾶς, ἐν αἷς ὁ πετασθεὶς κ̣αταπαύει, εὑρίσκων «τὸν σαββατισμὸν τὸν ἀπολειπόμενον τῷ λαῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ», νοήσεις τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος τοῦ καταβάντος ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ, ἃς ἔχει μόνος καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἀναπαυόμενος ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν δύο διαθηκῶν, κλήρων ὀνομασθεισῶν κατὰ τό· «Ἐὰν κοιμηθῆτε ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν κλήρων, πτέρυγες περιστερᾶς περιηργυρωμέναι.» Κατὰ ταύτας ἐπτερῶσθαι μακάριόν ἐστιν· ἀναλαμβάνουσιν γὰρ τὸν ἔχοντα εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὰ ὑπερκόσμια. 1.398 Τῶν πτερωσθεισῶν κατὰ τὸν ἔποπα δύο γυναικῶν μετεωριζουσῶν τὸ μέτρον ἐφ' ὃ ἡ ἀνομία κάθηται ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς, –πεπείρανται γὰρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἁμαρτήσαντες ἄγγελοι, καὶ οἱ ἐπίγειοι δαίμονες, καὶ ἄνθρωποι ὅσοι «φοροῦσιν τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ χοϊκοῦ», –ἰδὼν ὁ τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν ὁρῶν μετεωριζόμενον καὶ ἀποφερόμενον τὸ μέτρον ᾧ ἐπικάθηται ἡ ἀνομία, φησὶν τῷ ἐν αὐτῷ λαλοῦντι ἀγγέλῳ· «Ποῦ αὗται ἀποφέρουσιν τὸ μέτρον;» 1.399 Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ ἄγγελος λέγει· «Οἰκοδομῆσαι αὐτῷ οἰκίαν ἐν γῇ Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ θήσουσιν αὐτὸ ἐκεῖ ἐπὶ τὴν ἑτοιμασίαν αὐτοῦ.» 1.400 Ποῖος γὰρ ἄλλος ἥρμοζεν τόπος τῷ ἔχοντι τὴν ἀνομίαν μέτρῳ, ἢ ἡ σύγχυσις, ἵν' ἕτοιμον εὑρίσκηται τοῖς ἐφιεμένοις αὐτοῦ; ∆ιὸ ἐκκλιτέον καὶ ἐκφευκτέον τὴν Βαβυλῶνα διὰ τὸ ἐκεῖ τεθεῖσθαι τὸ μέτρον πρὸς τὸ ἕτοιμον εὑρίσκεσθαι τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν. Κηρυκάδην οὖν ὁ θεῖος λόγος βοᾷ πρὸς τ̣ο`̣ν εἶναι σπουδαῖον θέλοντα· «Ἔξελθε ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος φεύγων ἐκ γῆς Χαλδαίων.» 1.401 Ἐπιστήσαντες τῇ ὀπτασίᾳ τοῦ προφήτου τοῖόν τε, μισήσωμεν πτέρυγας ἔχειν ἔποπος, πτερωθ̣έντες κατὰ τὸ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα· οὕτω γὰρ ῥᾷστα εἰς τὰ ὑπερουράν̣ια διαβῆναι δυνατόν. 1.402 Zach. VI, 1®8: Καὶ ἐπέστρεψα καὶ ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ εἶδον· καὶ ἰδοὺ τέσσερα ἅρμ̣ατα ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ μέσου δύο ὀρέων, καὶ τὰ ὄρη ἦν ὄρη χαλκᾶ. Ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ πρώτῳ ἵπποι πυρροί, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ δευτέρῳ ἵπποι μέλανες, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ τρίτῳ ἵπποι λευκοί, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἅρματι τῷ τετάρτῳ ἵπποι ποικίλοι ψαροί. Καὶ ἀπεκρίθην καὶ εἶπα πρὸς τὸν ἄγγελον τὸν λαλοῦντα ἐν ἐμοί· Τί ἐστιν ταῦτα, Κύριε; Κ̣αὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοὶ καὶ εἶπεν· Ταῦτά εἰσιν οἱ τέσσαρες ἄνεμοι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἐκπορεύονται παραστῆναι τῷ Κυρίῳ πάσης τῆς γῆς· 1.403 ἐν ᾧ ἦσαν οἱ ἵπποι οἱ μέλανες, ἐξεπορεύοντο ἐπὶ γῆν βορρᾶ, καὶ οἱ λευκοὶ ἐξεπορεύοντο κατόπισθεν αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ποικίλοι ἐξεπορεύοντο ἐπὶ γῆν νότου, καὶ οἱ ψαροὶ ἐξεπορεύοντο καὶ ἐπέβλεπον τοῦ πορεύεσθαι καὶ περιοδεῦσαι τὴν γῆν. Καὶ περιώδευσαν τὴν γῆν. Καὶ ἀνεβόησεν καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρός με λέγων· Ἰδοὺ οἱ ἐκπορευόμενοι ἐπὶ γῆς βορρᾶ ἔπαυσαν τὸν θυμόν μου ἐν γῇ βορρᾶ. 1.404 Ἐπιστρέψας 40 ὁ προφήτης εἰς τὸ καὶ ἑτέραν ἀποκάλυψιν δέξασθαι, εἶδεν τέσσαρα ἅρματα ἐκ μέσου δύο ὀρέων χαλκῶν. Τὸ πρῶτον ἅρμα ὑπεζευγμένους εἶχεν πυρροὺς ἵππους, τὸ δεύτερον μέλανας, τὸ τρίτον λευκούς, τὸ τέταρτον ποικίλους ψαρούς. 1.405 Θεασάμενος τὰ τέσσαρα ἅρματα, μαθεῖν τὰ περὶ αὐτῶν βουλόμενος, πυνθάνεται τοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ λαλοῦντος ἀγγέλου τίνα ἐστὶ τὰ ὀφθέντα. Ὃ δὲ ἀποκρίνεται λέγων εἶναι αὐτὰ τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀνέμους τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τὰ κλίματα δηλονότι τῆς οἰκουμένης τὰ τέσσερα. Ὤφθησαν δὲ οἱ μέλανες ἐκπορευόμενοι ἀπὸ γῆς βορρᾶ, τῶν λευκῶν ἐκπορευομένων ὄπισθεν αὐτῶν· ἤρχοντο δὲ ἐκ τοῦ νότου οἱ ψαροὶ καὶ ποικίλοι. 1.406 Ἐλέχθη περὶ πάντων τῶν ἵππων ὡς δυνατὸν ἐμοὶ ὅτε ὤφθησαν ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ

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Didymus the Blind on Zechariah.

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