Commentary on Zechariah · §25

The Golden Lampstand and Spiritual Nourishment

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Regarding matters of practical wisdom, observe how he summoned those whom he loves, the neighbor as himself, under his own vineyard, so that they might pray and rejoice together. Likewise, the maker of good works leads his friends under the planting of a practical virtue fig tree, so that they might simultaneously find rest, having entered into the joy of their own master.

And the angel who was speaking in me returned, and he roused me just as a man is roused from his sleep (Zach. 4:3). And he said to me: 'What do you see?' And I said: 'I have seen, and behold, a golden lampstand, and the lamp upon it, and seven lamps upon it, and seven lampstands for the lamps upon it. And two olive trees upon it, one on the right of its lamp, and one on the left (Zach. 4:2).'

The angel speaking in me returned from one revelation to another vision, which I was to behold; he roused me, having moved me as if from sleep, a man sleeping, and says to me: 'What do you see?' And I said to him: 'I have seen, and behold, a golden lampstand, and a lamp upon it, and seven lamps and an equal number of lampstands supplying oil to the lamps. And I saw also two olive trees upon the lampstand, one on the right and one on the left of the lamp.'

What, then, is signified by each of the things shown to the prophet? The holy one says that the angel, having turned toward me and speaking in me continually and repeatedly, perhaps turns out to be 'the angel of the great counsel.' He roused me similarly to a man being awakened from sleep, having arrived at sobriety. And this awakening is praiseworthy, so that the one expecting it might say with confidence: 'I shall arise at dawn.' This being fulfilled through the outcome of what was pre-announced, he cries out gratefully: 'I have arisen, for the Lord shall take hold of me.' This voice is referred to regarding the Savior, having been raised from the dead, who slept...

It has become according to man. For how was he not raised from sleep when he rose from the dead after having remained in the heart of the earth three days and three nights, having benefited even the souls in Hades, rejoicing them and filling them with the luxury available there?

He says, indeed: 'I satisfied every thirsty soul, and I filled every hungry soul,' providing 'wine that gladdens the heart of man and bread that sustains the ruling part of the meal.' And I was raised and I saw the intoxicating drunkenness that had come to be for the drinking souls, and how they were filled with the saving food. Therefore, 'sweet has become to me sleep' (Ps 116:9), that is, 'death, of which I have tasted above all things by grace' of the well-pleasing God.

Similarly to this, the divine prophet, being the 'man who is in a wound and knows how to bear weakness' (2 Cor 12:10), having been raised, hears from the angel who awakened him: 'What do you see?' To which the one who had seen the vision arrived at comprehension replied with the eyes of the heart enlightened: 'I see a golden lampstand, all of it.' By saying that the lampstand is all golden, it is indicated that it is a spiritual and incorporeal lampstand, entirely filled with light through all its parts.

We do not often find in the Scripture that the intelligible is signified by the name of gold; perhaps, therefore, the intelligible lampstand turns out to be the spiritual house and temple of God, as it is said in the Revelation of John, when he who shows the revelation to the one being initiated says: 'The seven churches which I saw with the eye of the soul are seven lampstands' (Rev 1:12-20).

Upon the whole golden lampstand, there is a torch above, the luminous Word concerning the Trinity. From the moment the torch was extinguished by the wise virgins who met their divine bridegroom, they shall enlighten a light of knowledge, participating in the light of God which exists, in which no darkness of evil or ignorance exists, and participating also in the true light, becoming partakers of the holy.

Greek

φρονημάτων, σκοπεῖς πῶς προσεκαλέσατο οὓς ἀγαπᾷ πλησίον ὡς ἑαυτὸν ὑπὸ τὴν ἰδίαν ἄμπελον, ἵν' εὐωχῶνται καὶ εὐφραίνωνται ἅμα. 1.270 Ὡσαύτως ὁ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων ποιήτης ἄγει τοὺς φίλους ὑπὸ τὴν ἐφύτευσε συκῆν τὴν πρακτικὴν ἀρετήν, ἵνα ἅμα ῥᾳστωνεύσωσιν, εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὴν χαρὰν τοῦ ἑαυτῶν δεσπότου. 1.271 Zach. IV, 1®3: Καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοί, καὶ ἐξήγειρέν με ὃν τρόπον ὅταν ἐξεγερθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ. Καὶ εἶπεν πρός με· Τί σὺ βλέπεις; καὶ εἶπα· Ἑώρακα, καὶ ἰδοὺ λυχνία χρυσῆ ὅλη, καὶ τὸ λαμπάδιον ἐπάνω αὐτῆς, καὶ ἑπτὰ λ̣ύχνοι ἐπάνω αὐτῆς, καὶ ἑπτὰ ἐπαρυστρίδες τοῖς λύχνοις τοῖς ἐπάνω αὐτῆς. Καὶ δύο ἐλαῖαι ἐπάνω αὐτῆς, μία ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ λαμπαδίου αὐτῆς, καὶ 27 μία ἐξ εὐωνύμων. 1.272 Ὁ λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελος ἐπέστρεψεν ἐξ ἑτέρας ἀποκαλύψεως εἰς ἄλλην θεωρίαν, ἥνπερ ἵνα θεάσωμαι ἐξήγειρέν με διαναστήσας με ὡς ἀπὸ ὕπνου καθεύδοντα ἄνθρωπον, καί φησιν πρὸς ἐμέ· Σὺ τί βλέπεις; Κἀγὼ πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶπον· Ἑώρακα καὶ ἰδοὺ λυχνία χρυσῆ ὅλη, καὶ λαμπάδιον ἐπάνω αὐτῆς, καὶ ἑπτὰ λύχνοι καὶ ἰσάριθμοι ἐπαρυστρίδες ἐποχετεύουσαι τοῖς λύχνοις ἔλαιον. Εἶδον δὲ καὶ ἐλαίας δύο ἐπάνω τῆς λυχνίας, ὧν ἣ μὲν ἐκ δεξιῶν, ἣ δὲ ἐξ εὐωνύμων τοῦ λαμπαδίου ὑπῆρχον. 1.273 Τί δὲ ἕκα̣στ̣ον τῶν φανέντων τῷ προφήτῃ αἰνίττεται καιρὸς ἰδεῖν. 1.274 Ἐξήγειρέν με, ὁ ἅγιος λέγει, ὁ ἐπιστρέψας πρός με ἄγγελος συνεχῶς καὶ ἐπαλλήλως λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοί, τάχα οὐχ ἕτερος τυγχάνων «τοῦ τῆς μεγάλης βουλῆς ἀγγέλου». Ἐξήγειρεν δέ με παραπλησίως ἀνθρώπῳ ἐξ ὕπνου διαγρηγοροῦντι εἰς νῆψιν ἐληλυθότι. Ἐπαινετὴ δὲ αὕτη ἡ διέγερσις, ὥστ' ἀνειπεῖν τὸν προσδοκήσαντα αὐτὴν μετὰ θάρσους· «Ἐξεγερθήσομαι ὄρθρου.» Τούτου πληρωθέντος δι' ἐκβάσεως τοῦ προαναφωνηθέντος, χαριστηρίως βοᾷ· «Ἐξηγέρθην ὅτι Κύριος ἀντιλήμψεταί μου.» 1.275 Ἀναφέρεται δὲ αὕτη ἡ φωνὴ ἐπὶ τὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐξεγερθέντα Σωτῆρα, ὑπνώσαντα καθὸ ἄνθρωπος γέγονεν. Πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἐξηγέρθη ἐξ ὕπνου ὅτε ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν μετὰ τὸ διατελέσαι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τῆς γῆς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας, ὠφελήσας καὶ τὰς ἐν ᾅδῃ ψυχάς, εὐφράνας αὐτὰς καὶ ἐμπλήσας τῆς ἐνδεχομένης ἐκεῖ τρυφῆς. 1.276 Λέγει γοῦν· «Ἐμύθησα πᾶσαν ψυχὴν διψῶσαν, καὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν πεινῶσαν ἐνέπλησα», παρασχὼν «οἶνον τὸν εὐφραίνοντα καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου καὶ ἄρτον τὸν στηρίζοντα τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν τοῦ τραφέντος». Καὶ ἐξηγέρθην καὶ εἶδον τὴν ὑπάρξασαν νηφάλιον μέθην ταῖς πιούσαις ψυχαῖς καὶ ὡς ἐνεπλήσθησαν τῆς σωτηριώδους τροφῆς. ∆ιὸ «ἡδὺς γέγονέν μοι ὁ ὕπνος», τοῦτ' ἔστιν «ὁ θάνατος οὗ ὑπὲρ πάντων ἐγευσάμην χάριτι» τοῦ εὐδοκήσαντος Θεοῦ. 1.277 Παραπλησίως τούτῳ τῷ «ἀνθρώπῳ τῷ ἐν πληγῇ ὄντι καὶ εἰδότι φέρειν μαλακίαν» ἐξεγερθεὶς ὁ θεῖος προφήτης ἀκούει πρὸς τοῦ ἐξυπνίσαντος αὐτὸν ἀγγέλου· «Σὺ τί βλέπεις;» πρὸς ὃν ὁ θεασάμενος τὸ εἰς ἀντίλημψιν ε᾿̣λ̣ηλυθὸς ὅραμα τοῖς πεφωτισμένοις ὀφθαλμοῖς τῆς καρδίας ἀπεκρίθη· «Ὁρῶ λυχνίαν χρυσῆν ὅλην.» ∆ιὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν τὴν λυχνίαν χρυσῆν ὅλην εἶναι, δηλοῖ ὅτι ὅλη δι' ὅλων ἡ φωτῶν πεπληρωμένη λυχ̣ν̣ι´̣α νοερὰ καὶ ἀσώματός ἐστιν. 1.278 Εὑρίσκομεν οὐ πολλαχοῦ τῆς γραφῆς ὡς τὰ νοητὰ ὀνόματι τοῦ χρυσοῦ σημαίνεται· τάχα οὖν ἡ νοητὴ λυχνία ὁ πνευματικὸς οἶκος καὶ ναὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τυγχάνει, ὡς ἐν Ἀποκαλύψει Ἰωάννου λέγεται, ὅτε φησὶν ὁ δεικνὺς τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τῷ μυσταγωγουμένῳ· «Αἱ ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησίαι ἃς ὀφθαλμῷ ψυχῆς εἶδες ἑπτὰ λυχνίαι εἰσίν.» 1.279 Ἐπὶ τῆς ὅλης χρυσῆς λυχνίας λαμπάδιον ἐπάνω ἐστὶν ὁ φωτεινὸς περὶ τῆς Τριάδος λόγος. Ἀφ' οὗ λαμπαδίου ἧψαν τὰς ἑαυτῶν λαμπάδας αἱ δᾳδουχοῦσαι παρθένοι φρόνιμοι ἀπαντήσασαι τῷ θείῳ ἑαυτῶν νυμφίῳ· φωτίσασαι δὲ φῶς γνώσεως αὐταί, μετασχοῦσαι τοῦ Θεοῦ φωτὸς ὑπάρχοντος ἐν ᾧ οὐδ̣εμία κακίας καὶ ἀγνοίας ὑπάρχει σκοτία, μετασχοῦσαι δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ φωτός, μέτοχοί τε γενάμεναι ἁγίου

About this text

Didymus the Blind on Zechariah.

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  • Copy-text PG (Khazarzar) (Greek)

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