Commentary on the Psalms · §63

The Divine Light and the Armor of Truth

"my feet"; for straightness is like an uncracked and continuous rock. My foot is therefore firm in my straightness. Standing in straightness is the same as standing in faith; for it says, "for indeed you have stood in faith" (Ps 118:137). Such a standing does not happen without Jesus. Those having this standing stand by him, as he says, "there are some standing here," meaning, here by me.

"I will bless you in the churches, Lord" (Ps 22:4). In the church I will offer thanksgiving hymns, not outside anywhere. He who promises to give thanks to God outside, contrary to the ecclesiastical opinion, does not bless in the churches.

Of David; before being anointed. The psalms before this were "to David"; this one is written "of David." He himself brought it forth by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. He sent it forth "before being anointed." Thirdly, David appears anointed; first, when he went to Samuel and was anointed, and Samuel to Jesse. Second, after Saul had finished; the beginning was preserved; for some were seeking David as king, while others sought Mephibosheth the son of Saul. After the son of Saul was betrayed by Abner because of the appearance of a woman, David was anointed over all the people in Hebron. Therefore, he was anointed a third time. Previously, the peak clearly belongs to a private person. Second, in order that he might rule a part of the people. After the death of the son of Saul, in order that he might also rule the rest of the people, he has been anointed again and again by all. We seek, therefore, regarding what kind of anointing he speaks here. One says that it is generally regarding every anointing; he says the psalm was spoken before being wholly anointed, and quite so; if before the first anointing, it is clearly also before the second and the third. If before the second, not necessarily before the first. If before the third, not necessarily before the first and second. But the psalm seems to have been spoken especially before the first anointing, which is before every anointing. Therefore, the psalm is "before being anointed."

"The Lord is my light and my savior" (Ps 22:1); whom shall I fear? If God enlightens me and saves me, whom do I fear? Neither man, nor an evil power, nor even the devil himself. And the "who" here is instead of "no one"; for this usage lies here continuously.

In the Scriptures: 'What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us?' (Romans 8:31) stands instead of 'no one.' 'Who shall bring a charge against the elect of God?' (Romans 8:33) stands instead of 'no one,' and furthermore: 'Behold, the Lord helps me; who can harm me?' (Psalm 27:7) because of many things signified by the word, as it has been said elsewhere, now the 'who' lies instead of 'no one.' Therefore, the word is not about sensible life and some sensible illumination; for by the divine light the mind and the soul are illumined. And life is always joined to salvation. This is the same: eternal life and eternal salvation; for 'Israel' is indeed 'saved by the Lord with an eternal salvation' (Psalm 116:8).

That life is always joined to the illumination, it is seen from many things: 'the life was the light of men' (John 1:4), and again this saint prays: 'enlighten my eyes, lest I sleep into death' (Psalm 139:24), signifying that he who is deprived of the illumination sleeps into death; not the common death, but the one opposed to the blessed life. Therefore, 'the Lord' is 'my light and my salvation' (Psalm 27:1). He himself guides me, speaks to me according to the hidden, enlightens me through which he speaks, and his word prepares to have salvation immediately. Since I said that the one having been illumined has life in every way—the Savior himself also says: 'I am the light of the world; he who follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life' (John 8:12).

He who has the light of life is not defeated by anything, especially since the truth of God itself becomes a shield fighting for him; for 'his truth shall surround you as a weapon' (Psalm 5:12). Therefore, it immediately reaches: 'The Lord is the defender of my life; from whom shall I dread?' (Psalm 27:1). The Lord is the defender of my life; from whom shall I dread? Who is able to make me afraid? I am clothed in 'the armor of God' (Ephesians 6:13), I 'have the shield' (Ephesians 6:16) of faith, extinguishing 'all the flaming arrows of the evil one' (Ephesians 6:16). If the shield of faith extinguishes the arrows of the evil one, it does much more for those of inferior archers; for there are also other worthless archers. For indeed, 'behold, the sinners have bent a bow, they have prepared arrows in a quiver to shoot at those upright in heart' (Psalm 7:12). I am not defeated by anything. The armor of God is unhurt and unstriking. His shield is truth. And no one is able against the truth.

Greek

τοὺς πόδας μου"· ἡ γὰρ εὐθύτης ὥσπερ πέτρα ἀρραγὴς καὶ ἀδιάκοπός ἐστιν. ὁ πούς μου οὖν βέβαιός ἐστιν ἐν τῇ εὐθύτητί μου. ταὐτὸν δὲ τὸ ἑστάναι ἐν τῇ εὐθύτητι τῷ ἑστάναι ἐν τῇ 98 πίστει· λέγει γάρ· "καὶ γὰρ ἐν τῇ πίστει ἑστήκατε". ἡ τοιαύτη στάσις ἄνευ Ἰησοῦ οὐ γίνεται. παρ' αὐτῷ ἵστανται οἱ ταύτην ἔχοντες τὴν στάσιν ὡς αὐτὸν λέγειν· "εἰσίν τινες τῶν ὧδε ἑστηκότων", τῶν ὧδε παρ' ἐμοί. 12 ἐν ἐκκλησίαις εὐλογήσω σε, κύριε. ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ τοὺς χαριστηρίους ὕμνους ἀποδώσω, οὐκ ἔξω που. ὁ ἔξω παρὰ τὴν ἐκκλησιαστικὴν γνώμην ἐπαγγελλόμενος εὐχαριστεῖν τῷ θεῷ οὐκ ἐν ἐκκλησίαις εὐλογεῖ. 1 Τοῦ ∆αυίδ· πρὸ τοῦ χρισθῆναι. οἱ πρὸ τούτου ψαλμοὶ "τῷ ∆αυὶδ" ἦσαν· οὗτος "τοῦ ∆αυὶδ" ἀναγέγραπται. αὐτὸς αὐτὸν προήγαγεν ἐξ ὑποβολῆς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος. ἀνέπεμψεν αὐτὸν "πρὸ τοῦ χρισθῆναι". τρίτον δὲ φαίνεται ὁ ∆αυὶδ χρισθείς· πρῶτον μέν, ὅτε πρὸς τὸν Σαμουὴλ ἀπῆλθεν καὶ ἐχρίσθη, καὶ ὁ Σαμουὴλ πρὸς τὸν Ἰεσσαί. δεύτερον τελευτήσαντος τοῦ Σαούλ· διῃρέθη ἡ ἀρχή· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἦσαν ἑλόμενοι τὸν ∆αυὶδ βασιλέα, οἱ δὲ τὸν Μεμφιβόστε τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Σαούλ. προδοθέντος τοῦ υἱοῦ Σαοὺλ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀβεννὴρ προφάσεως γυναικὸς ἕνεκα, ἐχρίσθη ἐπὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν ὁ ∆αυὶδ ἐν τῇ Χιβρών. τρίτον οὖν ἐχρίσθη. πρότερον ἀκμὴν φανερῶς ἰδιωτεύει. δεύτερον, ἵνα τινὸς μέρους τοῦ λαοῦ ἄρξῃ. κατὰ τὸν θάνατον τοῦ υἱοῦ Σαούλ, ἵνα καὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ μέρους τοῦ λαοῦ, ἑξῆς καὶ πάλιν κέχρισται παρὰ πάντων. ζητοῦμεν οὖν, περὶ ποίας χρίσεως ἐνταῦθα λέγει. ὁ μὲν ἐρεῖ 66 ὅτι καθόλου περὶ πάσης χρίσεως· λέγει τὸν ψαλμὸν εἰρῆσθαι πρὸ τοῦ ὅλως χρισθῆναι, καὶ εἰκότως γε· εἰ πρὸ τῆς προτέρας χρίσεως, φανερὸν ὅτι καὶ τῆς δευτέρας καὶ τῆς τρίτης. εἰ δὲ πρὸ τῆς δευτέρας, οὐ πάντως πρὸ τῆς πρώτης. εἰ πρὸ τῆς τρίτης, οὐκ ἐξ ἀνάγκης καὶ πρὸ τῆς πρώτης καὶ δευτέρας. φαίνεται δὲ ὁ ψαλμὸς μάλιστα πρὸ τῆς προτέρας χρίσεως εἰρῆσθαι, ὅ ἐστιν πρὸ πάσης χρίσεως. "πρὸ τοῦ χρισθῆναι" οὖν ἐστιν ὁ ψαλμός. 1 κύριος φωτισμός μου καὶ σωτήρ μου· τίνα φοβηθήσομαι; εἰ θεὸς φωτίζει με καὶ σῴζει με, τίνα φοβοῦμαι; οὐδὲ ἄνθρωπον οὐδὲ πονηρὰν δύναμιν οὐδὲ αὐτὸν τὸν διάβολον. τὸ δὲ "τίς" ἐνταῦθα α ἀντὶ τοῦ "οὐδείς" ἐστιν· κεῖται γὰρ ἡ χρῆσις αὕτη συνεχῶς ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς· "τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν πρὸς ταῦτα; εἰ ὁ θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθ' ἡμῶν"; ἀντὶ τοῦ "οὐδείς". "τίς ἐνκαλέσει κατὰ ἐκλεκτῶν θεοῦ"; ἀντὶ τοῦ "οὐδείς", καὶ ἔτι· "ἰδού, κύριος βοηθεῖ μοι· τίς κακώσει με"; πολλῶν οὖν σημαινομένων διὰ τῆς λέξεως, ὡς ἐν ἄλλοις εἴρηται, νῦν τὸ "τίς" ἀντὶ τοῦ "οὐδεὶς" κεῖται. οὐ περὶ τῆς αἰσθητῆς οὖν ζωῆς καὶ αἰσθητοῦ τινος φωτισμοῦ ὁ λόγος ἐστίν· τῷ γὰρ θείῳ φωτὶ καταυγάζονται τὸν νοῦν καὶ τὴν ψυχήν. ἀεὶ συνέζευκται δὲ ἡ ζωὴ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ. ταὐτὸν δέ ἐστιν αἰώνιος ζωὴ καὶ σωτηρία αἰώνιος· "Ἰσραὴλ" γοῦν "σῴζεται ὑπὸ κυρίου σωτηρίαν αἰώνιον". ὅτι δὲ συνέζευκται ἀεὶ τῷ φωτισμῷ ἡ ζωή, ἔστιν ἐκ πολλῶν ἰδεῖν· "ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων", καὶ πάλιν οὗτος ὁ ἅγιος εὔχεται· "φώτισον τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου, μήποτε ὑπνώσω εἰς θάνατον", σημαίνων, ὅτι ὁ στερόμενος τοῦ φωτισμοῦ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ ὑπνοῖ εἰς θάνατον· θάνατον οὐ τὸν κοινόν, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἀντικείμενον τῇ μακαρίᾳ ζωῇ. "κύριος" οὖν "φωτισμός μου καὶ σωτήρ μου". αὐτὸς παι99 δεύει με, κατὰ τὸ κρυπτόν μοι λαλεῖ, φωτίζει με δι' ὧν ὁμιλεῖ, καὶ σωτηρίαν εὐθέως ἔχειν παρασκευάζει ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ. ἐπεὶ εἶπον τὸν πεφωτισμένον πάντως ἔχειν ζωήν–λέγει γοῦν καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ σωτήρ· "ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου· ὁ ἀκολουθῶν ἐμοὶ οὐ περιπατήσει ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἕξει τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς". ὁ τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς ἔχων οὐδένα δεδίττεται, μάλιστα ὅτι αὐτὴ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ θεοῦ ἀσπὶς γίνεται ὑπερμαχοῦσα αὐτοῦ· "ὅπλῳ" γὰρ "κυκλώσει σε ἡ ἀλήθεια αὐτοῦ". διὸ εὐθέως ἐπενήνεκται· "κύριος ὑπερασπιστὴς τῆς ζωῆς μου· ἀπὸ τίνος δειλιάσω"; 1 κύριος ὑπερασπιστὴς τῆς ζωῆς μου· ἀπὸ τίνος δειλιάσω; τίς μοι δέος ἐνποιῆσαι δύναται; ἐνδεδυμένος εἰμὶ "τὴν θεοῦ πανοπλίαν", "τὸν θυρεὸν "ἔχω" τῆς πίστεως", τὰ σβέννυντα "πάντα τὰ τοῦ πονηροῦ βέλη πεπυρωμένα". εἰ δὲ τὰ τοῦ πονηροῦ βέλη σβέννυσιν ὁ θυρεὸς τῆς πίστεως, πολλῷ πλέον καὶ τὰ τῶν ὑποδεεστέρων τοξευτῶν· εἰσὶν γὰρ καὶ ἄλλοι φαῦλοι τοξευταί. ἀμέλει γοῦν "ἰδοὺ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἐνέτειναν τόξον, ἡτοίμασαν βέλη εἰς φαρέτραν τοῦ κατατοξεῦσαι τοὺς εὐθεῖς τῇ καρδίᾳ". οὐδένα δεδίττομαι. ἄτρωτος καὶ ἄβλητός ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ πανοπλία. ἡ ἀσπὶς αὐτοῦ ἀλήθειά ἐστιν. οὐδεὶς δὲ κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας οἷός

About this text

Didymus the Blind on the Psalms.

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