To Florus · §5.42

To Florus 5.42

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Since will is well defined as ‘a movement of the mind under no compulsion,’ why do you seek earlier causes which the definition of will has excluded? Weigh what will is, and you will stop asking where will comes from. Will is a movement of the mind under no compulsion. If you try to go so much as half a fingernail beyond this, you immediately overthrow what has been established. What does Mani say? ‘This movement arose because the human being was made from the nature of darkness.’ What do you say? ‘Because the human being was made from nothing.’ Thus one says, ‘The will is evil because the human being was made from nothing’; the other, ‘The will is evil in a human being because he was made from darkness.’ Both of you deny what completes the will’s definition: ‘under no compulsion.’ If nothing had as much power as something, and that power compelled this will to exist, it excluded the will’s own condition, expressed as ‘under no compulsion.’

But it has equally driven away evil’s disgrace. What does not come from a free movement of the mind is not sin. Thus, at the expense of truth, all the odium of evil perished. Evil’s nature vanished when the will’s guilt vanished; the will’s guilt vanished when the definition of will was cut apart. It has therefore become clear that the condition of both sin and will is such that, if attributed to preceding causes, it loses both its freedom and its guilt. Where, then, will evil’s nature be, once it is established that no evil exists?

Latin source witness

Latin

Cum ergo bene definita sit voluntas: Motus animi, cogente nullo, quid quaeris superius causas, quas definitio voluntatis exclusit? Expendite igitur quid sit voluntas, et desinetis inquirere unde sit voluntas. Voluntas est enim motus animi, cogente nullo; vos, si tentetis ire dimidio ungue superius, statim constituta convellitis. Quid ergo dicit Manichaeus? Sed iste motus ideo exortus est, quia de tenebrarum natura homo factus est. Quid tu? Quia, inquis, de nihilo factus est homo. Unus ergo dicit: Ideo voluntas mala, quia de nihilo factus est homo; alter: Ideo voluntas mala in homine, quia de tenebris factus est homo. Utrique ergo illud voluntatis suppletorium denegatis, id est, cogente nullo. Si enim tanta fuit virtus in nihilo, quanta in aliquo; quae coegit hanc voluntatem existere, exclusit ab ea conditionem suam, qua dictum fuerat, cogente nullo. Sed non minus mali abegit infamiam; non est enim peccatum, quod de motu animi libero non venit; effectumque est ut cum dispendio veritatis, totius mali periret invidia; et evanuit mali natura, cum crimen voluntatis evanuit; crimen autem evanuit voluntatis, cum definitio voluntatis exsecta est. Et peccati igitur et voluntatis claruit eiusmodi esse conditionem, ut si causis praecedentibus deputetur, et ius eo perdat, et crimen. Ubi ergo erit mali natura, cum malum non esse constiterit?

About this text

Julian’s six preserved books to Florus, quoted section by section in Augustine’s unfinished reply. Augustine’s refutations are omitted. Latin of Julian’s words is on each section.

Julian’s own books do not survive as a separate manuscript. English follows his words as Augustine quotes them in the Unfinished Work Against Julian. Augustine’s replies are omitted. We do not restore a Julian text independent of Augustine.

Witnesses

  • Copy-text Augustine, Unfinished Work Against Julian (Latin · Julian’s words as quoted, Books 1–6)
  • Checked print Augustinus.it Latin of the Unfinished Work (Latin · Same work)
  • Checked print Migne PL 45 (Latin · Hard cases)

This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Latin on each section (or the Latin source witness link) for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.