To Florus · §1.107

To Florus 1.107

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Your explanation of the apostle Paul's words would deserve to be passed over with a laugh if it did not frighten those unfamiliar with Scripture. The apostle says: “When you were slaves of sin, you were free from righteousness” (Romans 6:20). He certainly could not have said “freed”. The language of liberation is fittingly and properly used when a person is freed from harmful things. Those who resolve to owe nothing to the virtues, however, can be called free from virtues. A person can therefore be called free either from good or from evil when, serving one, he aims to owe nothing to the other. But a person can be called freed only from evil, because the word “liberation” contains a sign of the distress that is driven away. What difficulty, then, could be raised here about the apostle's words when, following ordinary human usage, he called them free from good and freed from evil?

He says: “When you were slaves of sin, you were free from righteousness. What fruit did you then have in those things of which you are now ashamed?” (Romans 6:20–21). But lest you suppose that we become slaves of sin through nature, hear the apostle himself speaking in the same passage: “Do you not know that when you present yourselves as slaves to obey someone, you are slaves of the one you obey, whether of sin or of obedience to righteousness?” (Romans 6:16). He says that you presented yourselves as slaves to sin, so that you would understand him to impute sin to will, not birth. He therefore called them free from righteousness solely because they had refused to keep its commands.

Latin source witness

Latin

Expositio sane, quam Pauli apostoli sermonibus admovisti, cum risu esset praetereunda, nisi Scripturarum terreret ignaros. Cum essetis, inquit Apostolus, servi peccati, liberi fuistis iustitiae [n284] . Dicere utique non poterat: Liberatos; quoniam hic sermo liberationis tunc decenter infertur et proprie, cum homo a noxiis liberatur; liberi autem a virtutibus dici possunt, qui decernunt nihil debere virtutibus. Liber ergo et a bono et a malo dici potest, qui alteri serviens, alteri studet nihil debere; liberatus autem nisi a malo dici non potest; quia verbum hoc liberationis in se habet indicium illius qui propulsatur angoris. Quae igitur hic quaestio Apostolo de verbis suis fieri potuit, cum ille more generis humani, a bono liberos, a malo dixerit liberatos? Cum ergo, inquit, servi essetis peccati, liberi fuistis iustitiae; quem fructum habuistis tunc in his, in quibus nunc erubescitis? [n285] Sed ne tu aestimares servos nos peccato fieri per naturam, audi ipsum Apostolum in iisdem locis loquentem: An nescitis, quoniam cui exhibetis vosmetipsos servos ad oboediendum, servi estis eius cui oboeditis, sive peccati, sive obauditionis iustitiae? [n286] Vosmetipsos, inquit, exhibuistis peccato servos; ut intellegeres eum voluntati, non nativitati imputare peccatum. Ob hoc ergo solum eos dixit liberos fuisse iustitiae, quia detrectassent eius praecepta servare.

About this text

Julian’s six preserved books to Florus, quoted section by section in Augustine’s unfinished reply. Augustine’s refutations are omitted. Latin of Julian’s words is on each section.

Julian’s own books do not survive as a separate manuscript. English follows his words as Augustine quotes them in the Unfinished Work Against Julian. Augustine’s replies are omitted. We do not restore a Julian text independent of Augustine.

Witnesses

  • Copy-text Augustine, Unfinished Work Against Julian (Latin · Julian’s words as quoted, Books 1–6)
  • Checked print Augustinus.it Latin of the Unfinished Work (Latin · Same work)
  • Checked print Migne PL 45 (Latin · Hard cases)

This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Latin on each section (or the Latin source witness link) for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.