Homily on Fasting
Homilia de jejunio
True Fasting§1
1Root and foundation of the pious is fasting according to God, accomplished with reverence and holy prayers and alms.
For God does not desire abstinence from bread and water, but rather abstinence from evil deeds; 'For it is not what enters into the mouth that defiles the man, but what comes out of the mouth, those things defile the man' (Mark 7:15).
Let us fast, beloved, a fasting pleasing to God, about which the Lord says, 'But when you fast, anoint your head' (Matthew 6:17) through good works and alms, 'and wash your face' (Matthew 6:17), stripping away all the filth of sin.
There is a fasting that is reprehensible and there is a fasting that is praiseworthy. Many who fasted committed murders, and many who fasted saved others.
The Ninevites fasted and were saved, and through fasting they changed the anger of God. For the prophet says, 'Yet three days and Nineveh shall be overthrown' (Jonah 3:4).
He did not say, 'After three days Nineveh shall be overthrown'; for if he had said, 'After three days,' it would have been overthrown, but 'Yet three days,' this shows, 'So much time I have been patient with you and you did not repent. Yet three days I endure you, and if you do not repent in these three days, then the city shall be overthrown' (Jonah 3:4).
And for so much time they did not repent, except through the three days, that is, through the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.
Jews fasted and took counsel to kill the Apostle Paul. Jezebel proclaimed a fast and killed Naboth and took the vineyard of the poor. What kind of fast is this?
Daniel fasted when he was thrown into the den of lions; for having been thrown into the den, he cried out to Christ, saying, 'Out of the depths I have cried to you, Lord; Lord, hear my prayer' (Psalm 130:1).
Seeing the lions on his right and on his left, he cried out again, saying, 'Do not give to the beasts the soul confessing to you' (Psalm 50:7). See that the Lord does not abandon those who hope in him.
The earthly king sealed the den, but the heavenly king sealed …
Greek · §1
Homilia de jejunio (homilia 15) (e cod. Sinaitico gr. 491) Ησυχίου, πρεσβυτέρου Ἱεροσολύμων, περὶ νηστείας. 1 Ῥίζα καὶ θεμέλιος τῶν εὐσεβῶν ἡ κατὰ θεὸν νηστεία, ἡ μετὰ εὐλαβείας καὶ ἁγίων εὐχῶν καὶ ἐλεημοσυνῶν ἐπιτελουμένη. Οὐ γὰρ ἀποχὴν ἄρτου καὶ ὕδατος βούλεται ὁ θεός, ἀλλ' ἀποχὴν πράξεων πονηρῶν· «Οὐ γὰρ τὰ εἰσερχόμενα εἰς τὸ στόμα κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος, ἐκεῖνα κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον.» Νηστεύσωμεν, ἀγαπητοί, νηστείαν τὴν θεῷ πρέπουσαν, περὶ ἧς φησιν ὁ κύριος· «Σὺ δὲ ὅταν νηστεύῃς, ἄλειψόν σου τὴν κεφαλὴν» δι<ὰ> καλῶν ἔργων καὶ ἐλεημοσυ νῶν, «καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν <σου> νίψαι», περιαιρῶν πᾶσαν ῥυπαρίαν ἁμαρτίας. Ἔστιν νηστεία ψεκτὴ καὶ ἔστιν νηστεία ἐπαινετή. Πολλοὶ νηστεύσαντες φόνους εἰργάσαντο καὶ πολλοὶ νηστεύσαντες ἄλλους ἔσωσαν. 2 Ἐνήστευσαν Νινευῖται καὶ ἐσώθησαν καὶ διὰ τῆς νηστείας τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ θεοῦ μετέβαλον. Καὶ ἀπόφασιν ἐξενεχθεῖσαν κατ' αὐτῶν ἡ νηστεία ἐκώλυσεν· φησὶν γὰρ ὁ προφήτης· «Ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι καὶ Νινευὴ καταστραφήσεται.» Οὐκ εἶπεν «μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ Νινευὴ καταστραφήσεται»· εἰ γὰρ εἶπεν «μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας», κατεστράφη ἄν, ἀλλ' «ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι», τοῦτο δεικνὺς ὅτι «Τοσοῦτον χρόνον ἠνειχόμην ὑμῶν καὶ οὐ μετενοήσατε. Ἔτι τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἀνέχομαι ὑμῶν καί, εἰ μὴ ἐν ταῖς τρισὶν ἡμέραις μετανοεῖτε, ἔπειτα καταστραφήσεται ἡ πόλις.» Καὶ τοσοῦτον χρόνον οὐ μετενόησαν, εἰ μὴ διὰ τῶν τριῶν ἡμερῶν τουτέστιν διὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος. 3 Ἐνήστευσαν Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ συμβούλιον ἔλαβον ἵνα τὸν ἀπόστολον Παῦλον ἀποκτείνωσιν. Ἐκήρυξεν Ἰεζάβελ νηστείαν καὶ τὸν Ναβουθαὶ ἀπέκτεινεν καὶ τὸν ἀμπελῶνα τοῦ πένητος ἔλαβεν. Νηστεία καὶ φόνος αὕτη ποία νηστεία; Ἐνήστευσεν ∆ανιὴλ ὅτε ἐβλήθη εἰς τὸν λάκκον τῶν λεόντων· βληθέντος γὰρ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν λάκκον, ἐβό<α> πρὸς Χριστὸν λέγων· «Ἐκ βαθ<έων> ἐκέ<κραξά σε, κύριε·> κύριε, εἰσάκουσον τῆς προσευχῆς μου.» Βλέπων δὲ τοὺς λέοντας ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων, πάλιν ἐβόα λέγων· «Μὴ παραδῷς τοῖς θηρίοις ψυχὴν ἐξομολογουμένην σοι.» Βλέπε δὲ ὅτι οὐκ ἐγκαταλιμπάνει κύ ριος τοὺς ἐλπίζοντας ἐπ' αὐτόν. Ὁ μὲν βασιλεὺς ὁ ἐπίγειος ἐ σφράγισεν τὸν λάκκον, ὁ δὲ ἐπουράνιος βασιλεὺς ἐσφράγισεν
Fasting§2
2The mouths of lions were closed, protecting those who were thrown into their dens. Fire, which had been raging in the furnace, miraculously fasted and did not consume the three men who were cast into it, thanks to the presence of a fourth, as described in Daniel 3:23-25. A sea creature fasted in the sea when it swallowed Jonah, as told in Jonah 1:17, and kept him safe in its belly. The sea creature had the prophet Jonah as a deposit and showed the sign of fasting by not digesting him.
Instead of being a threat, the sea creature carried Jonah safely through the sea, and eventually released him unharmed, returning the deposit to God. David fasted and repented, and through his fasting, God forgave him his sin with Uriah's wife, as seen in 2 Samuel 12:13. Elijah fasted for forty days and was given the power to control the rain, as stated in 1 Kings 17:1, and he could bring it or withhold it as he pleased. Our Savior fasted for forty days in the wilderness, as mentioned in Matthew 4:1-2, and in doing so, he shamed the devil and showed his sinlessness.
By fasting, Jesus gave us an example that through fasting, we can obtain forgiveness of sins. Let us fast, beloved, a pure fast, for as the apostle James says in James 1:27, pure religion is to visit brothers in their affliction and to keep oneself unspotted from the world. Jesus, the son of Nave, fasted and was able to command the sun and the moon to stand still. The apostles, who possessed nothing earthly, received authority from God to bind and loose, and this authority was fulfilled in them.
Peter and John, two of the apostles, went up to the temple at the ninth hour to pray, and they encountered a lame man who had been unable to walk since birth, and Peter responded to him.
Greek · §2
τὰ στόματα τῶν λεόντων. Ἐνήστευσεν τὸ πῦρ ἐν τῇ καμίνῳ καὶ οὐκ ἐχρήσατο τοῖς συνδούλοις εἰς βρῶσιν, ἀλλὰ νηστεῦσαν ἐξεπήδησεν τῆς καμίνου, παραχωρῆσαν τοῖς τρισὶν διὰ τὸν τέταρτον. 4 Ἐνήστευσεν τὸ κῆτος ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ, ὅτε ἐδέξατο τὸν Ἰωνᾶν ἐν τοῖς τῆς κοιλίας ταμιείοις· ἔχον γὰρ τὸν προφήτην ὡς παραθήκην, ἐπεδείξατο τὸ τῆς νηστείας σημεῖον. Ἀντὶ γὰρ νηὸς τῷ ναυαγήσαντι γενόμενον, ἔφερεν τὸν ξένον διὰ θαλάσσης καὶ βυθοῦ καὶ φόβου μεγάλου καί, ἵνα μὴ διαφθείρῃ τὸν ξένον ἐν τοῖς τῆς κοιλίας ταμιείοις, ἀπεκατέστησεν σώαν τὴν παραθήκην, παραδοὺς τῷ παρακαταθεμένῳ δεσπότῃ. Ἐνήστευσεν ∆αυὶδ καί, διὰ τῆς νηστείας καὶ τῆς μετανοίας, συνεχώρησεν αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τῆς γυναικὸς Οὐρίου. Ἐνήστευσεν Ἠλίας τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας καὶ τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν ἔλαβεν καί, ὅτε ἠθέλησεν, ἐκώλυσεν τὸν ὑετὸν καί, ὅτε ἠθέλησεν, ἤνεγκεν αὐτὸν διὰ νηστειῶν καὶ εὐχῶν. 5 Ἐνήστευ<σεν> ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμ<ῶν> τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν διάβολον κατῄσχυνεν, ὁ ἁμαρτίαν μὴ ποιήσας μηδὲ δόλος εὑρέθη ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ. Ἐνήστευσεν δὲ τύπον ἡμῖν διδοὺς ὅτι διὰ νηστειῶν δυνάμεθα τυχεῖν ἐξιλασμοῦ 1 ἁμαρτημάτων. Νηστεύσωμεν οὖν, ἀγαπητοί, νηστείαν καθαρὰν περὶ ἧς φησιν ὁ ἀπόστολος Ἰάκωβος ὅτι «θρησκεία καθαρὰ αὕτη ἐστίν· ἐπισκέπτεσθαι» ἀδελφοὺς «ἐν τῇ θλίψει αὐτῶν, ἀσπίλους ἑαυτοὺς τηρεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου.» Ἐνήστευσεν Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυὴ καὶ τῷ ἡλίῳ καὶ τῇ σελήνῃ ἐπέταξεν. 6 Οἱ ἀπόστολοι, μηδὲν ἔχοντες ἐπὶ γῆς, δέννειν καὶ λύειν ἐξουσίαν ἔλαβον καὶ πληροῦται εἰς αὐτοὺς τὸ εἰρημένον· «ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες.» Πέτρος γάρ, φησίν, καὶ Ἰωάννης περὶ ὥραν ἐνάτην ἀνῆλθον εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν προσεύξασθαι. Καί τις χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων ἐκάθητο, ὃς οὐδέποτε περιεπάτησεν. Οὗτος προσεδόκα λαβεῖν τι παρὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων. Ἀπεκρίθη δὲ ὁ Πέτρος λέγων αὐτῷ· «Ἃ προσδοκᾷς λαβεῖν οὐκ ἔχω, ἃ δὲ μὴ προσδοκᾷς λαβεῖν
The Gift of Health§3
3Bodily health is more valuable than any amount of wealth, so I offer you health instead of the silver you were expecting to receive.
To be honest, I don't have any silver or gold to give you.
Christ has given us authority, and he instructed us, saying: 'Do not acquire gold or silver or copper' (Matthew 10:9).
He also gave us the authority to cast out demons, heal the sick, and cleanse lepers, reminding us that since we received our gifts freely, we should give freely as well (Matthew 10:8).
In the name of Jesus Christ, we are commanded to rise and walk.
While a servant may help someone up by taking their hand, the master heals with just a word.
It's clear that a servant is not greater than their master.
As medical facilities open around the world, I see Christ standing over all of them as the ultimate doctor.
What's remarkable is that different diseases, located in various hospital areas, are all treated by one doctor - Christ.
One person, struggling with the wound of sin, comes to Christ and, after receiving healing through fasting, departs.
Another person, having turned away from the stench of fornication, receives treatment for their spiritual foul smell from Christ, who heals both souls and bodies.
Then there's the person consumed by the fever of love for money, who, after being relieved through fasting, is able to find remedies for their disease.
Christ knows how to make sterile women conceive and turn a barren womb into a fertile field, giving prophets as a reward to those who fast.
The Bible tells us that Anna was in anguish, wept, and did not eat, but fasting gave the prophet Samuel to the barren woman.
Through fasting, Christ gives prophets as a reward to those who fast, and it has the power to dry up the sources of fornication, open the withered womb, and cut away the thorns of sin that sprout from our thoughts.
Greek · §3
ἔχω. Ἀργύριον προσδοκᾷς λαβεῖν, ὑγίειάν σοι παρέχω· κρεῖττον γὰρ ὑγίεια σώματος ἢ ὄλβος ἀμέτρητος. Ὁμο-λογήσω σοι τὴν ἀλήθειαν· "3Ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον οὐχ ὑπάρχει μοι"3. Ὁ Χριστὸς γὰρ παρέδωκεν ἡμῖν λέγων· "3Μὴ κτήσασθε χρυσὸν μηδὲ ἄργυρον μηδὲ χαλκόν"3. ∆έδωκεν δὲ ἡμῖν ἐξουσίαν λέγων· "3∆αιμόνια ἐκβάλλετε, ἀσθενοῦντας θεραπεύετε, λεπροὺς καθαρίζετε. ∆ωρεὰν ἐλάβετε, δωρεὰν δότε."3 "3Ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει.» Καὶ κρατήσας «τῆς δεξιᾶς χειρὸς ἤγειρεν αὐτόν.» Ὁ δοῦλος κρατῶν ἐγείρει, ὁ δεσπότης λόγῳ θεραπεύει· «Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ.» 7 Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἰατρείων κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἀνοιγομένων, σήμερον βλέπω καὶ ἕνα τοῖς πᾶσιν ἰατρὸν ἐφεστῶτα Χριστόν. Ὢ καινοτέρου τοῦ θαύματος. ∆ιάφορα πάθη, ἐν διαφόροις ἰατρείων χωρίοις, ὑπὸ ἑνὸς ἰατροῦ θεραπεύεται. Ἄλλος ἀλλαχοῦ ἁμαρτίας τραύματι συνεχόμενος πρόσεισιν καὶ παρὰ τῆς νηστείας λαβὼν ἰάσεως ἔμπλαστρον ἄπεισιν. Ἄλλος ἑτέρωθι σηπεδόνα πορνείας ἀπόζων ἰατικὸν τῆς δυσωδίας, παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ τῶν ψυχῶν καὶ σωμάτων Χριστοῦ, δι' αὐτῆς ἐκδέχεται φάρμακον. Ἄλλος πυρετῷ φιλαργυρίας συγκαιόμενος, παρὰ τῆς νηστείας ἀναψυχούσας τὴν νόσον βοτάνας κομίζεται. 8 Οἶδεν αὕτη καὶ στείρας ἐγκύμονας ἀποφαίνειν συντόμως, καὶ τὴν ἄγονον μήτραν εὔκαρπον ἄρουραν ἀπεργάζεσθαι, καὶ προφήτας υἱοὺς τῆς ἀσιτίας διδόναι μισθόν. Τί γὰρ παρὰ τῆς θείας γραφῆς διδασκόμεθα; «Καὶ ἠθύμει Ἅννα», φησίν, «καὶ ἔκλαιεν καὶ οὐκ ἤσθιεν.» Ἀλλὰ νηστεία τῇ στείρᾳ Σαμουὴλ τὸν προφήτην παρέσχεν. Εἶδες τῆς νηστείας τὰ δῶρα. Εἶδες οἵους τοῖς αὐτῆς δεομένοις βλαστάνει καρπούς, πῶς τὰς μὲν πηγὰς τῆς πορνείας ξηραίνει, τὰς δὲ ξηρανθείσας τῇ στειρώσει μήτρας ἀνοίγει καὶ τὰς ἐκ τῶν λογισμῶν δὲ φυομένας ἀκάνθας τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἐκκόπτει καὶ
Spiritual Growth through Fasting§4
4It no longer gives fruits of ungodliness. Fasting is beneficial not only for sinners, but also for the righteous, as we have shown. Through divine fasting, we can work on the stubborn, changing the unsympathetic into sympathetic people, and softening the hardness of the unyielding.
Moses fasted for forty days and forty nights and entered the darkness, and he saw God as no other human had. According to God's own testimony, if a prophet arises among the people, He will make Himself known to him in a vision, and speak to him in a dream (Numbers 12:6). However, with Moses, it was different, for God spoke to him mouth to mouth, face to face, as a man speaks to his friend (Numbers 12:8). Fasting has given the prophet a special gift of vision, transforming the face of the one who fasts into a more divine light, and it has given the prophet tablets written by the finger of God.
Let us approach fasting with a cheerful face, and let us greet it with joyful souls, abstaining not only from foods but also from sins. As we fast, we should pursue peace with everyone, and holiness, without which no one will see the Lord (Hebrews 12:14). We must not show ourselves humble in appearance to people, but be proud in our souls before the Lord, giving to the poor, and not stealing from others, and flattering God with words, rather than killing our brothers with our actions. Instead, let us fast from all evils, including foods, and say to Him: 'You have mercy on all, because You are able to do all things, and You overlook the sins of men for repentance; all glory is fitting to You, to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and always and into the ages of ages.'
Greek · §4
τοὺς τῆς ἀσεβείας οὐκέτι δίδωσιν καρπούς. Οὐ μόνον δὲ δύναται ταῦτα ἡ κατὰ θεὸν νηστεία, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμέρους τοὺς ἀπηνεῖς ἀπεργάζεται καὶ εἰς συμπάθειαν τοὺς ἀσυμπαθεῖς μεταβάλλει, τὸ σκληρὸν τῶν ἀνενδότων μαλάσσει χαλκεύουσα. 9 Αὕτη οὐ μόνον ἁμαρτωλοῖς χρήσιμος, ἀλλ' ἤδη καὶ δικαίοις εἰς καιρὸν ἐπιτήδειος, ὡς προεδείξαμεν. Νηστεύσας Μωυσῆς τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας καὶ τεσσαράκοντα νύκτας εἰς ἐκεῖνον εἰσῆλθεν τὸν γνόφον, καὶ εἶδεν θεὸν ὡς οὐδενὶ ἀνθρώπων ἐγγέγονεν, κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ περὶ αὐτοῦ μαρτυρίαν λέγοντος· «Ἐὰν γένηται προφήτης ἐν ὑμῖν τῷ κυρίῳ, ἐν ὁράματι αὐτῷ γνωσθήσομαι καὶ ἐν ὕπνῳ λαλήσω αὐτῷ. Οὐχ ὣς ὁ θεράπων μου Μωυσῆς, στόμα κατὰ στόμα», πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον, «ὡς ἐάν τις λαλήσῃ πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ φίλον.» Ταύτην ἐξαίρετον θέαν ἡ νηστεία τῷ προφήτῃ κεκόμικεν δῶρον καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ νηστεύσαντος εἰς θειοτέραν τινὰ φωτὸς ἀπροσίτου ἀστραπὴν μετέθηκεν καὶ δέδωκεν τῷ προφήτῃ δέλτους δακτύλῳ θεοῦ γεγραμμένας 10 Προσερχώμεθα τοίνυν αὐτῇ μετὰ φαιδροῦ τοῦ προσώπου, ἱλαροὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτὴν ἀσπασώμεθα καὶ μὴ βρωμάτων μὲν ἀπεχώμεθα, ἁμαρτημάτων δὲ 2 ἀντεχώμεθα· μηδὲ ταπεινοὶ τῷ προσώπῳ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δεικνύμενοι, ὑπερήφανοι τῇ ψυχῇ τῷ δεσπότῃ φανῶμεν· καὶ πένησιν διδόντες, μὴ ἄλλους ἁρπάσωμεν· καὶ θεὸν κολακεύοντες λόγοις, μὴ ἔργῳ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἡμῶν κατασφάξωμεν, μνημονεύοντες ἀεὶ τοῦ ἀποστόλου λέγοντος· «Εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν κύριον.» Ἀλλ' ἐκ πάντων τῶν κακῶν μετὰ βρωμάτων νηστεύοντες, λέγωμεν πρὸς αὐτόν· «Ἐλεεῖς δὲ πάντας, ὅτι πάντα δύνασαι, καὶ παρορᾷς ἁμαρτήματα ἀνθρώπων εἰς μετάνοιαν»· ὅτι σοι πρέπει πᾶσα δόξα τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. 3