On Evil Thoughts
De malignis cogitationibus
The Mechanism of Malicious Thoughts§1
1Concerning the different evil thoughts. Chapter 1. Regarding the opposing demons in practice, first there are those who place their trust in the pleasures of gluttony, that is, appetites; and those who subject us to the love of money; and those who call us toward the glory of men. All the others, walking after these, receive those who are being conquered by them. For it is not possible to fall into the hands of the spirit of fornication without having fallen by gluttony; and it is not possible to be troubled in spirit without fighting for meats or money or the glory of irrational desires; and it is not possible to escape the demon of sorrow, having been deprived of all these or being unable to obtain them; nor will anyone escape pride, the first offspring of the devil, without uprooting the love of money, even if poverty humbles a man, according to the wise Solomon. To say in short, it is not possible for a man to fall under a demon without first being conquered by those leaders, for the devil also presented these three thoughts to the Savior. First, entreating him to make the stones become bread; then, promising the whole world if he should fall and worship; and third, saying that if he hears, he will be glorified, having suffered nothing from such a great fall, of whom our Lord, appearing greater, commanded to go into the hindmost part to the devil. Through these he is also teaching us that it is not possible to drive away the devil without having despised these three thoughts.
Chapter 2. All demonic thoughts, as notions, bring into the soul perceptions of sensible things, in which the mind, by imitating, carries the forms of those things within itself, and from the thing itself it otherwise recognizes the approaching demon; for example,
If the thought that has encroached upon grudgefulness were to result in my being harmed and dishonored in my mind, it is reproved. If a remembrance of money or of glory were to occur again, it is clear from the fact that the one distressing us will be known; and regarding the other thoughts likewise, you will find from the fact the one present, the demon, casting phantasms under the mind. I do not say that all the memories of such things happen from demons; because it is the nature of the mind itself, being moved by the human experience of events, to bring up phantasms, but as many memories as involve anger or desire are naturally associated. For because of the disturbance of these two powers, the mind commits adultery by thought, and fights, being unable to refuse the phantasm established by the lawgiver. Even if that brightness is lost by the deprivation of all the intelligible things in the matters at hand at the time of prayer, appearing to deviate from the ruling faculty.
A man would not have set aside the passionate memories, if he had not made a care for desire and anger, consuming the former with fastings, vigils, and chastity, and the latter with patience, grudge-forgetfulness, and almsgiving; for from these two passions almost all the demoniacal thoughts that cast the mind into destruction and loss consist. It is impossible for any of these passions to survive, without being completely overcome by money, wealth, and glory, and even by the desire for one's own body, because they attempt to strike it many times. Therefore, it is necessary to imitate those who are in danger in the sea, and are casting out the vessels because of the violence of the winds and the returning waves. But here one must pay precise attention, lest, in casting out the vessels, we do it for the sake of being seen by men; since we are withholding our reward, and the latter is more difficult than the former.
Greek · §1
De malignis cogitationibus (sub nomine Nili Ancyrani) ΤΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΑ ΚΖ· ΠΕΡΙ ∆ΙΑΦΟΡΩΝ ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ ΛΟΓΙΣΜΩΝ 79.1200 ΚΕΦΑΛ. Αʹ. Τῶν ἀντικειμένων δαιμόνων τῇ πρακτικῇ, πρῶτοι κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον συνίστανται οἱ τὰς τῆς γαστριμαργίας ἡδονὰς, ἤτουν ὀρέξεις πεπιστευμένοι, καὶ οἱ τὴν φιλαργυρίαν ἡμῖν ὑποβάλλοντες, καὶ οἱ πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων δόξαν ἡμᾶς ἐκκαλούμενοι. Οἱ δ' ἄλλοι πάντες κατόπιν τούτων βαδίζοντες, τοὺς ὑπὸ τούτων 79.1201 τιτρωσκομένους διαδέχονται. Οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς πορνείας, μὴ ὑπὸ τῆς γαστριμαργίας καταπεσόντα· καὶ οὐκ ἔστι ταράξαι θυμὸν, μὴ ὑπὲρ βρωμάτων ἢ χρημάτων, ἢ δόξης ἀλόγων ἐπιθυμιῶν μαχόμενον· καὶ οὐκ ἔστι τὸν τῆς λύπης δαίμονα διαφυγεῖν, τούτων πάντων στερηθέντα, ἢ μὴ δυνηθέντα τυχεῖν· οὐδὲ ἀποφεύξεται τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν τις, τὸ πρῶτον γέννημα τοῦ διαβόλου, μὴ τὴν τῶν κακῶν πάντων ῥίζαν ἐξορίσας φιλαργυρίαν, εἴπερ καὶ πενία ἄνδρα ταπεινοῖ, κατὰ τὸν σοφὸν Σολομῶντα· καὶ συλλήβδην εἰπεῖν, οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνθρωπον περιπεσεῖν δαίμονι, μὴ πρότερον ὑπ' ἐκείνων τῶν πρωτοστατῶν κατατρωθέντα, διὸ καὶ τοὺς τρεῖς τούτους λογισμοὺς ὁ διάβολος τότε τῷ Σωτῆρι προσήγαγε. Πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς λίθους, ἄρτους γενέσθαι παρακαλῶν, ἔπειτα δὲ τὸν κόσμον ὅλον ἐπαγγελλόμενος εἰ πεσὼν προσκυνήσει· καὶ τρίτον εἰ ἀκούσοι δοξασθήσεσθαι λέγων, μηδὲν ἐκ τοῦ τηλικούτου πτώματος πεπονθότα, ὧν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν κρείττων φανεὶς, εἰς τοὐπίσω τῷ διαβόλῳ χωρεῖν προσέταττε, διὰ τούτων καὶ ἡμᾶς διδάσκων, ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπώσασθαι τὸν διάβολον, μὴ τῶν τριῶν τούτων καταφρονήσαντας λογισμῶν. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Βʹ. Πάντες οἱ δαιμονιώδεις λογισμοὶ, νοήματα εἰς τὴν ψυχὴν αἰσθητῶν πραγμάτων εἰσφέρουσιν, ἐν οἷς τυπούμενος ὁ νοῦς τὰς μορφὰς τῶν πραγμάτων ἐκείνων ἐν ἑαυτῷ περιφέρει, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ πράγματος λοιπὸν ἐπιγινώσκει τὸν προσεγγίσαντα δαίμονα· οἷον, εἰ τοῦ ζημιώσαντός με, καὶ ἀτιμάσαντός με ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ μου τὸ πρόσωπον γένοιτο, ἐλέγχεται ὁ τῆς μνησικακίας παραβαλὼν λογισμός. Εἰ πάλιν χρημάτων, ἢ δόξης ἀνάμνησις γένοιτο, ἐκ τοῦ πράγματος δῆλον ὅτι ὁ θλίβων ἡμᾶς ἐπιγνωσθήσεται· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων δὲ λογισμῶν ὡσαύτως, ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος εὑρήσεις τὸν παρεστῶτα, καὶ ὑποβάλλοντα τὰς φαντασίας δαίμονα. Οὐ πάσας δὲ τὰς μνήμας τῶν τοιούτων πραγμάτων ἐκ δαιμόνων λέγω συμβαίνειν· ἐπειδὴ πέφυκε καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ νοῦς κινούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τῶν γεγονότων ἀναφέρειν τὰς φαντασίας, ἀλλ' ὅσαι τῶν μνημῶν θυμὸν, ἢ ἐπιθυμίαν παρὰ φύσιν συνεπισπῶνται. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τὴν ταραχὴν τῶν δύο δυνάμεων τούτων, ὁ νοῦς κατὰ διάνοιαν μοιχεύει, καὶ μάχεται, τοῦ νομοθετήσαντος αὐτὸν τὴν φαντασίαν ἀναδέξασθαι μὴ δυνάμενος. Εἴπερ ἡ λαμπρότης ἐκείνη κατὰ στέρησιν πάντων τῶν ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι νοημάτων ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς προσευχῆς τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ παραφαίνεται. Οὐκ ἂν ἀπόθοιτο τὰς ἐμπαθεῖς μνήμας ὁ ἄνθρωπος, μὴ ἐπιθυμίας, καὶ θυμοῦ ἐπιμέλειαν ποιησάμενος, τὴν μὲν νηστείαις, ἀγρυπνίαις, καὶ χαμευνείαις καταναλώσας, τὸν δὲ μακροθυμίαις, καὶ ἀμνησικακίαις, καὶ ἐλεημοσύναις καθημερώσας· ἐκ γὰρ τῶν δύο τούτων παθῶν πάντες σχεδὸν οἱ δαιμονιώδεις συνίστανται λογισμοὶ οἱ τὸν νοῦν ἐμβάλλοντες εἰς ὄλεθρον, καὶ ἀπώλειαν. 79.1204 1 ΚΕΦΑΛ. Γʹ. Ἀδύνατον δέ τινα τῶν παθῶν τούτων περιγενέσθαι, μὴ παντελῶς βρωμάτων, καὶ χρημάτων, καὶ δόξης ὑπεριδόντα, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἰδίου σώματος διὰ τοὺς ῥαπίζειν αὐτὸ πολλάκις ἐπιχειροῦντας· πᾶσα οὖν ἀνάγκη μιμεῖσθαι τοὺς κινδυνεύοντας, ἐν θαλάττῃ, καὶ τῶν σκευῶν ἐκβολὴν ποιουμένους διὰ τὴν βίαν τῶν ἀνέμων καὶ τῶν ἐπανισταμένων κυμάτων. Ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα προσεκτέον ἀκριβῶς, μήπως ἐκβολὴν ποιούμενοι τῶν σκευῶν, πρὸς τὸ θεαθεῖναι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ποιήσωμεν· ἐπεὶ ἀπέχομεν τὸν μισθὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ ἄλλο τοῦ προτέρου χαλεπώτερον
The Agitation of the Soul and Demonic Strategy§2
2The demon of vainglory, having blown against us, will cause us to receive a shipwreck. Therefore also our Lord in the Gospels, training the mind's ruling power, says: 'Take care not to perform our almsgiving before men to be seen by them, but if not, you shall not have a reward from your Father who is in the heavens' (Matt 6:1, 4). And again: 'When you pray, you shall not be like the hypocrites, who love to stand praying in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, so as to appear to men; truly I say to you, they have received their reward' (Matt 6:5). And again he says: 'When you fast, do not become like the hypocrites, gloomy-faced; for they make their faces disappear, so as to appear to men fasting; truly I say to you, they have received their reward' (Matt 6:16).
But one must pay attention here to the Physician of souls, how through almsgiving he heals the passion, through prayer he cleanses the mind, and again through fasting he weakens the desire, from which the new man is composed, being renewed according to the image of the Creator of him, in whom there is no male and female through holy impassibility, nor through the one faith and love, Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, slave and free, but all things in all are Christ (Gal 3:28).
Chapter 4. And it must be sought how in the fantasies during sleep the demons strike our governing faculty and shape things; for such a thing seems to happen to the mind, either through the eyes seeing, or through the hearing, or again through a sense making, or from the memory which, governing faculty, moves these things, not through the body, except what it had through the body. The demons, then, it seems to me, moving the memory, strike the governing faculty; for the organ is held inactive by sleep. How, then, again they move the memory, it must be sought, perhaps through the passions? And this is evident from the fact that the pure and impassible ones no longer suffer such a thing. And there is also a certain movement occurring by us, or by holy powers, through which we encounter holy ones in dreams and converse with them and are gathered together. However, one must pay attention that what the soul receives as images along with the body, the memory receives these without the body.
This also moves the soul, which is clear from the fact that we suffer this even in sleep while the body is at rest. For just as one remembers water, both when thirsty and without thirst; so it is to remember gold, both with greed and without greed, and likewise regarding other matters. But for the mind to find differences between such and such fantasies is a recognition of their bad craftsmanship.
And this must also be understood: that the demons also make use of external things for their fantasies, as the sound of waves does for the many. Our passion, moving by nature, is extremely helpful to the demons' aim, and becomes most useful for all their schemes; therefore, none of them refrains from agitating this passion by night and during the day. But when they see him having been caught by gentleness, they immediately release him upon such pretexts as they please, so that, having become sharper, he may be useful to their beastly thoughts; therefore, it is necessary that he either agitates himself not for just things, nor for unjust things, or gives an evil sword to those who are being subjugated. Of which I often observe many doing, and more than is necessary, being agitated by small pretexts.
Chapter 5. For for what purpose, tell me, do you rush so quickly into battle—if it is that you have despised foods, and reputation, and material things? And why do you feed the dog, promising it nothing? If this dog hunts and also attacks men, it is evident that he possesses something within and wishes to guard these things. But I am persuaded that for such a person, distant, through pure prayer, the passion is muddied, knowing such a thing.
And regarding these things I marvel, even concerning the forgotten words of the saints: of David crying out, 'Cease from anger, and forsake your wrath' (Ps 37:8); of the Preacher commanding, 'Remove anger from your heart, and put away evil from your flesh' (Eccl 11:10); and of the Apostle commanding, 'Without anger and doubts, in every place lift up holy hands to the Lord' (1 Tim 2:8). And do we not learn from the mysterious and ancient habit of men, where dogs pursue people from houses at the time of prayer, and this being hinted at, that the passion should not be present with those praying? And again: 'The wine of the wrath of dragons' Rev 17:6.
Greek · §2
διαδέξεται ἡμᾶς ναυάγιον, τοῦ τῆς κενοδοξίας ἡμῖν ἀντιπνεύσαντος δαίμονος. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις, τὸν κυβερνήτην νοῦν παιδεύων, «Προσέχετε, φησὶν, τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην ἡμῶν μὴ ποιεῖν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων πρὸς τὸ θεαθεῖναι αὐτοῖς, εἰ δὲ μήγε μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε παρὰ τῷ Πατρὶ ὑμῶν τῷ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς.» Καὶ πάλιν· «Ὅταν προσεύχησθε, φησὶν, οὐκ ἔσεσθε ὥσπερ οἱ ὑποκριταὶ, ὅτι φιλοῦσιν ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς, καὶ ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν ἑστῶτες προσεύχεσθαι, ὅπως φανῶσι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις· ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι ἀπέχουσι τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν.» Καὶ πάλιν λέγει· «Ὅταν νηστεύητε, μὴ γίνεσθε, ὥσπερ οἱ ὑποκριταὶ σκυθρωποί· ἀφανίζουσι γὰρ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν, ὅπως φανῶσι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύοντες· ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν.» Ἀλλὰ προσεκτέον ἐνταῦθα τῷ ἰατρῷ τῶν ψυχῶν, πῶς διὰ μὲν τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης τὸν θυμὸν θεραπεύει, διὰ δὲ τῆς προσευχῆς τὸν νοῦν καθαρίζει, καὶ πάλιν διὰ τῆς νηστείας τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν καταμαραίνει, ἐξ ὧν συνίσταται ὁ νέος ἄνθρωπος, ὁ ἀνακαινούμενος κατ' εἰκόνα τοῦ κτίσαντος αὐτὸν, ἐν ᾧ οὐκ ἔστι διὰ τὴν ἁγίαν ἀπάθειαν ἄρσεν, καὶ θῆλυ, οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν μίαν πίστιν, καὶ ἀγάπην, Ἕλλην, καὶ Ἰουδαῖος, περιτομὴ, καὶ ἀκροβυστία, Βάρβαρος, Σκύθης, δοῦλος, καὶ ἐλεύθερος, ἀλλὰ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσι Χριστός. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ∆ʹ. Ζητητέον δὲ πῶς ἐν ταῖς καθ' ὕπνον φαντασίαις τυποῦσιν ἡμῶν τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν καὶ σχηματίζουσιν οἱ δαίμονες· τὸ γὰρ τοιοῦτον ἔοικε συμβαίνειν τῷ νῷ, ἢ δι' ὀφθαλμῶν ὁρῶντι, ἢ δι' ἀκοῆς ἀκούοντι, ἢ πάλιν δι' αἰσθήσεως ποιᾶς, ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς μνήμης ἤτις τυποῖ μὲν τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν, οὐ διὰ τοῦ σώματος, πλὴν ἅπερ διὰ τοῦ σώματος ἔσχε, ταῦτα κινεῖ. Οἱ οὖν δαίμονες ἐοίκασί μοι τὴν μνήμην κινοῦντες, τυποῦν τὸ ἡγεμονικόν· τὸ γὰρ ὄργανον ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου κατέχεται ἀνενέργητον. Πῶς οὖν πάλιν τὴν μνήμην κινοῦσι ζητητέον, ἢ τάχα διὰ τῶν παθῶν; καὶ τοῦτο δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ μηκέτι τοὺς καθαροὺς, καὶ ἀπαθεῖς πάσχειν τι τοιοῦτον. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ κίνησίς τις ἁπλῆ ὑφ' ἡμῶν γινομένη, ἢ ὑπὸ ἁγίων δυνάμεων, καθ' ἣν ἁγίοις τε συντυγχάνομεν ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις καὶ ὁμιλοῦμεν, καὶ συνεστιώμεθα. Πλὴν προσεκτέον, ὅτι ἅπερ μετὰ τοῦ σώματος ἡ ψυχὴ εἰσδέχεται εἴδωλα, 79.1205 ταῦτα ἄνευ τοῦ σώματος ἡ μνήμη κινεῖ καὶ τοῦτο σαφὲς ἐκ τοῦ πολλάκις, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις πάσχειν ἡμᾶς τοῦτο ἠρεμοῦντος τοῦ σώματος. Ὥσπερ ἔστι γὰρ μνημονεῦσαι ὕδατος, καὶ μετὰ δίψης, καὶ ἄνευ δίψης· οὕτως ἔστι μνημονεῦσαι χρυσίου μετὰ πλεονεξίας, καὶ ἄνευ πλεονεξίας, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων πραγμάτων ὡσαύτως. Τὸ δὲ τοιάσδε ἢ τοιάσδε εὑρίσκειν φαντασιῶν διαφορὰς τὸν νοῦν, τῆς ἐκείνων κακοτεχνίας ἐστὶ γνώρισμα. Ἅμα δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ἰστέον, ὅτι καὶ τοῖς ἔξωθεν πράγμασι κέχρηνται πρὸς τὰς φαντασίας οἱ δαίμονες, ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν πλεόντων τῷ ἤχῳ τῶν κυμάτων. Σφόδρα τῷ σκοπῷ τῶν δαιμόνων ὁ θυμὸς ἡμῶν συμβάλλεται παρὰ φύσιν κινούμενος, καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν αὐτῶν κακομηχανίαν γίνεται χρησιμώτατος, ὅθεν νύκτωρ, καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν ταράσσειν τοῦτον οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν παραιτεῖται, ἀλλ' ὅταν ἴδωσιν αὐτὸν δεθέντα πραότητι, τὸ τηνικαῦτα ἐπὶ δικαίαις προφάσεσιν εὐθὺς αὐτὸν ἀπολύουσιν, ἵνα ὀξύτερος γεγονὼς, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς θηριώδεις λογισμοὺς αὐτῶν χρησιμεύῃ, διόπερ ἀνάγκη, μήτε δικαίοις, μήτε ἐπ' ἀδίκοις πράγμασιν αὐτὸ ἐρεθίζειν, μήτε κακὸν ξίφος 2 διδόναι τοῖς ὑποβάλλουσιν. Ὅπερ πολλάκις πολλοὺς ποιοῦντας ἐπίσταμαι, καὶ πλέον ἢ χρὴ, ἐπὶ μικραῖς ἀναπτομένους προφάσεσιν. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Εʹ. Ὑπὲρ τίνος γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, καὶ προσπίπτεις ταχέως εἰς μάχην, εἴπερ βρωμάτων, καὶ δόξης, καὶ χρημάτων καταπεφρόνηκας; τί δὲ τρέφεις τὸν κύνα, μηδὲν ἔχειν ἐπαγγελλόμενος; Εἰ δὲ οὗτος ὑλακτεῖ, καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐπέρχεται, πρόδηλος εἶ ἔνδον κεκτημένος τινὰ, καὶ ταῦτα φυλάσσειν βουλόμενος. Ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τὸν τοιοῦτον μακρὰν καθαρᾶς προσευχῆς πείθομαι εἶναι λυμεῶνα τὸν θυμὸν τῆς τοιαύτης ἐπιστάμενος. Πρὸς δὲ τούτοις θαυμάζω, ὡς καὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἐπιλελησμένων, τοῦ μὲν ∆αβὶδ βοῶντος, «Παῦσαι ἀπὸ ὀργῆς, καὶ ἐγκατάλιπε θυμόν·» τοῦ δὲ Ἐκκλησιαστοῦ παραγγέλλοντος, «Ἀπόστησον θυμὸν ἀπὸ καρδίας σου, καὶ πάραγε πονηρίαν ἀπὸ σαρκός σου·» τοῦ δὲ Ἀποστόλου προστάσσοντος, «Χωρὶς ὀργῆς, καὶ διαλογισμῶν ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ ἐπαίρειν ὁσίας χεῖρας πρὸς Κύριον.» Τί δὲ οὐ μανθάνομεν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων μυστικῆς, καὶ παλαιᾶς συνηθείας διωκούσης ἐκ τῶν οἴκων τοὺς κύνας ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς προσευχῆς, καὶ τοῦτο αἰνιττομένης, ὡς οὐ δεῖ συμπαρῆναι τοῖς προσευχομένοις θυμόν; Καὶ πάλιν· «Θυμὸς δρακόντων ὁ οἶνος
The distinction of thoughts§3
3Regarding them: the Nazirites abstained from wine. And some of the wise men from without claimed that bile and stench were undefiled to the gods, not knowing, I think, what he was saying; for I consider that they thought the one was a symbol of wrath, and the other of irrational desire.
Concerning the fact that one ought not to be anxious for the sake of clothing or of food, I think it is superfluous to write, as our own Savior forbade in the Gospels: 'For do not be anxious, he says, about your soul, what you will eat, or what you will drink, or what you will put on' (Matthew 6:25-34). For the pagans act contrary to this, and the unbelievers reject the providence of the Lord and deny the Creator; but for Christians, such a thing is entirely foreign, having once believed that even the two sparrows that are sold are under the economy of the holy angels. However, it is also this habit of the demons, to cast in impure thoughts and those of anxiety, so that Jesus might exhale the thoughts of the crowd in the place of the intellect, and the word may become unfruitful, as it is choked by thorns (Matthew 13:22).
Chapter 6. Let us surely, those casting off thoughts from anxiety, cast our care upon the Lord, being content with the present things, and using a meager life, and let us strip off the garments of the fathers of vainglory daily. And if anyone thinks it shameful to be in meager clothing, let him look at the holy Paul, who expected the crown of righteousness in soul and in nakedness. But since the Apostle named this world a theater and a stadium, let us see, if it is possible, a man clothed in thoughts of anxiety running for the prize of the higher calling, or wrestling against the principalities and the powers, and against the rulers of the darkness of this age (Ephesians 6:12); I do not know, even being educated from sensible history. For the athlete will be hindered by the obviousness of the tunic and will be easily tripped up, just as the mind is by the thoughts of anxiety, if he who says he is truly devoting his mind to treasure is telling the truth: 'For where your treasure is, he says, there will your heart be also' (Matthew 6:21).
Chapter 7. Of the thoughts, some cut, and some are cut; for the evil cut the good, and the evil are cut again by the good...
The Holy Spirit, having first been placed, attends to the thought, and judges us according to that, either accepting or rejecting what I say is such a thing. I have a certain thought of hospitality, and I have this for the Lord's sake, but when the tempter comes, it is cut off, suggesting hospitality for the sake of glory.
Again: I have a thought of hospitality toward being visible to men, but even this, when a superior thought comes, is cut off, which directs our virtue more toward the Lord and compels us not to do these things through men. If, therefore, we remain in the former thoughts through our works while being tempted by the latter, we shall have the rewards of the former thoughts alone, because being humans and having grown old, we are not able to always hold the right thought incorruptible, nor to not have the evil thought repeatedly, having acquired the seeds of virtues.
However, if anyone remains among the thoughts that are cut off in the place of the tempted one, and according to that, the man moving in the thought, will act. We have known, after much observation, that this difference exists between the angelic thoughts, the human ones, and those from demons: that first, the angelic ones investigate the natures of things and trace out their spiritual meanings. For example: for whose sake has gold come to be, and why is it sandy, and how it is scattered down among the forms of the earth, and after much toil and labor it is found? So that, having been found, it may be washed with water and delivered to fire, and in this way it is cast into the hands of craftsmen, those making the lamp, the censer, the altars, and the bowls, in which the Babylonian king, for the sake of our Savior, no longer drinks now (Daniel 5:4), and Cleopa bears a heart burning from these mysteries.
But the demonic thought neither knew these things nor understands them; it only proposes the possession of perceptible gold, and foretells the luxury and glory expected from it. But the human thought seeks neither the possession, nor investigates what the symbol of gold is, but it only brings into the intellect the bare form of gold, separated from the passion of greed; but the [demonic thought...]
Greek · §3
αὐτῶν.» Οἴνου δὲ οἱ Ναζιραῖοι ἀπείχοντο. Χολὴν δὲ καὶ ὀσφὺν ἄβρωτα τοῖς θεοῖς τις τῶν ἔξωθεν σοφῶν ἀπεφήνατο εἶναι, οὐκ εἰδὼς, οἶμαι, ὃ ἔλεγεν, ὧν τὸ μὲν ὀργῆς, τὸ δὲ ἀλόγου ἐπιθυμίας ἔγωγε σύμβολον εἶναι νομίζω. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ μὴ δεῖν μεριμνᾷν ἐνδυμάτων ἕνεκεν, ἢ βρωμάτων, περιττὸν οἶμαι τὸ γράφειν, αὐτοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις ἀπαγορεύσαντος, «Μὴ μεριμνήσητε γὰρ, φησὶ, τῇ ψυχῇ ὑμῶν τί φάγητε, ἢ τί πίητε ἢ τί περιβαλεῖσθε.» Ἐθνικῶν γὰρ 79.1208 ἄντικρυς τοῦτο, καὶ ἀπίστων ἀθετούντων τὴν πρόνοιαν τοῦ ∆εσπότου, καὶ τὸν ∆ημιουργὸν ἀρνουμένων· Χριστιανῶν δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτον παντελῶς ἀλλότριον, ἅπαξ πεπιστευκότων, ὅτι καὶ τὰ πρασσόμενα δύο στρουθία τοῦ ἀσσαρίου ὑπὸ τὴν οἰκονομίαν τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ἐστί. Πλήν ἐστι καὶ αὕτη συνήθεια τῶν δαιμόνων, μετὰ τοὺς ἀκαθάρτους λογισμοὺς ἐμβάλλειν καὶ τοὺς τῆς μερίμνης, ἵνα ἐκνεύσῃ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὄχλου ὄντος νοημάτων ἐν τῷ κατὰ διάνοιαν τόπῳ, καὶ ἄκαρπος γένηται ὁ λόγος ὑπὸ τῆς μερίμνης πνιγόμενος τῶν ἀκανθῶν. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ϛʹ. Οὐκοῦν τοὺς ἐκ μερίμνης ἀποθέμενοι λογισμοὺς, ἐπιῤῥίψωμεν ἐπὶ Κύριον τὴν μέριμναν ἡμῶν τοῖς παροῦσιν ἀρκούμενοι, καὶ πενιχρᾷ ζωῇ χρησάμενοι, καὶ στολῇ τοὺς πατέρας τῆς κενοδοξίας μεθ' ἡμέραν ἀποδυσώμεθα. Εἰ δέ τις ἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ πενιχρᾷ νομίζει στολῇ, βλεπέτω τὸν ἅγιον Παῦλον ἐν ψύχει, καὶ γυμνότητι, τὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης προσδοκήσαντα στέφανον. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ θέατρον, καὶ στάδιον ὁ Ἀπόστολος τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον ὠνόμασεν, ἴδωμεν, εἰ ἔστι δυνατὸν, μερίμνης ἐνδυσάμενον λογισμοὺς, δραμεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ βραβεῖον τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως, ἢ παλαῖσαι πρὸς τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου· ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς αἰσθητῆς παιδευόμενος ἱστορίας. Ἐμποδισθήσεται γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ὁ ἀθλῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ χιτῶνος δηλονότι, καὶ εὐκόλως περιελκυσθήσεται, καθάπερ καὶ ὁ νοῦς ὑπὸ τῶν λογισμῶν τῆς μερίμνης, εἴπερ ἀληθινὸς ὁ λέγων τῷ ἰδίῳ τὸν νοῦν προσκαρτερεῖν θησαυρῷ, «Ὅπου γάρ ἐστιν ὁ θησαυρός σου, φησὶν, ἐκεῖ ἔσται, καὶ ἡ καρδία σου.» ΚΕΦΑΛ. Ζʹ. Τῶν λογισμῶν οἱ μὲν τέμνουσιν, οἱ δὲ τέμνονται· καὶ τέμνουσι μὲν οἱ πονηροὶ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς, τέμνονται δὲ πάλιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν οἱ πονηροὶ τὸ τοίνυν Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον πρώτως τεθέντι προσέχει λογισμῷ, καὶ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον κρίνει ἡμᾶς, ἢ ἀποδέχεται, Ὃ δὲ λέγω τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν. Ἔχω τινὰ φιλοξενίας λογισμὸν, καὶ 3 τοῦτον ἔχω διὰ τὸν Κύριον, ἀλλ' οὗτος ἐπελθόντος τοῦ πειράζοντος τέμνεται καὶ δόξης χάριν φιλοξενεῖν ὑποβάλλοντος. Πάλιν· ἔχω φιλοξενίας λογισμὸν πρὸς τὸ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις φανῆναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὗτος ἐπελθόντος κρείττονος λογισμοῦ διατέμνεται, τοῦ πρὸς τὸν Κύριον μᾶλλον ἡμῶν τὴν ἀρετὴν ἀπευθύνοντος, καὶ μὴ δι' ἀνθρώπους ταῦτα πράττειν ἡμᾶς ἀναγκάζοντος. Ἂν οὗν διὰ τῶν ἔργων λοιπὸν τοῖς προτέροις ἐμμείνωμεν ὑπὸ τῶν δευτέρων πειραζόμενοι, μόνων τῶν προτέρων τεθέντων λογισμῶν ἕξομεν τοὺς μισθοὺς, διότι ἄνθρωποι ὄντες, καὶ παλαίοντες δαίμοσιν, ἀεὶ κατέχειν τὸν ὀρθὸν λογισμὸν ἄφθαρτον οὐκ ἰσχύομεν, οὐδὲ πάλιν τὸν πονηρὸν λογισμὸν ἔχειν ἀπείραστον, 79.1209 ἀρετῶν σπέρματα κεκτημένοι. Πλὴν ἐάν τις χρονίσῃ τῶν τεμνόντων λογισμῶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τοῦ πειραζομένου καθίσταται, καὶ κατ' ἐκεῖνον λοιπὸν τὸν λογισμὸν ὁ ἄνθρωπος κινούμενος ἐνεργήσει. Τῶν ἀγγελικῶν λογισμῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων καὶ τῶν ἐκ δαιμόνων ταύτην τὴν διαφορὰν μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς παρατηρήσεως ἐγνώκαμεν εἶναι, ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν οἱ ἀγγελικοὶ τὰς φύσεις τῶν πραγμάτων περιεργάζονται, καὶ τοὺς πνευματικοὺς αὐτῶν ἐξιχνιάζουσι λογισμούς. Οἷον, τίνος χάριν γεγένηται ὁ χρυσὸς, καὶ διὰ τί ψαμμώδης, καὶ κάτω που τοῖς μορίοις τῆς γῆς ἐγκατέσπαρται, καὶ μετὰ πολλοῦ καμάτου, καὶ πόνου εὑρίσκεται; ὅπως τε εὑρεθεὶς ὕδατι πλύνεται, καὶ πυρὶ παραδίδοται, καὶ οὕτως εἰς τεχνιτῶν ἐμβάλλεται χεῖρας, τῶν ποιούντων τῆς σκηνῆς τὴν λυχνίαν, καὶ τὸ θυμιατήριον, καὶ τὰς θυΐσκας, καὶ τὰς φιάλας, ἐν αἷς οὐκέτι νῦν πίνει διὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ὁ Βαβυλώνιος βασιλεύς, Κλεόπα δὲ φέρει καρδίαν καιομένην ὑπὸ τούτων μυστηρίων. Ὁ δὲ δαιμονιώδης λογισμὸς, ταῦτα μὲν οὔτε οἶδεν, οὔτε ἐπίσταται· μόνην δὲ τὴν κτῆσιν τοῦ αἰσθητοῦ χρυσίου ὑποβάλλει, καὶ τὴν ἐκ τούτου τρυφήν τε καὶ δόξαν ἐσομένην προλέγει· ὁ δὲ ἀνθρώπινος λογισμὸς, οὐδὲ τὴν κτῆσιν ἐπιζητεῖ, οὔτε τίνος περιεργάζεται σύμβολον ὁ χρυσὸς, ἀλλὰ μόνον εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν τοῦ χρυσοῦ τὴν μορφὴν εἰσφέρει ψιλὴν, πάθους πλεονεξίας κεχωρισμένην· ὁ δὲ
The Combat with Demons and the Hatred of Evil§4
4The same word will be spoken regarding other matters, as one secretly exercises himself against this evil one.
Chapter 8. There is a demon, called the deceiver, who stands most especially before the brothers in the morning, who wanders the mind of the recluse from city to city, and from house to house, and from village to village, first making bare encounters, and happening upon certain known persons, and speaking at length, and corrupting the recluse's own state toward those meeting him, and becoming distant, taking little by little forgetfulness of the knowledge of God, and of virtue, and of the calling. Therefore, it is necessary for the one withdrawing to watch this one, from where he begins and where he arrives; for he does not work that long circle in vain or by chance, but desiring to corrupt the state of the recluse, he does these things, so that the mind, being consumed by these, and being immediately intoxicated by the many encounters, might fall into the demon of fornication, or of anger, or of sorrow, which ones most defile the brightness of his state. But we, if we have the aim to know clearly this one's cunning, let us not speak hastily to him, nor let us show the things that happen, and how he creates encounters through the intellect, and in what way he steals the mind little by little toward death, since he will flee from us; for seeing these things being done is not received; and we shall not enter into anything else of what we have striven to learn. But let us allow him even one more day, or even a second, to complete the deed, so that, having learned accurately his trickery, and having thereafter refuted him by word, we may drive him away.
Chapter 9. But since it happens according to the time of temptation, while the mind is being clouded, not to see clearly the things happening, let this happen after the withdrawal of the demon; having settled by yourself, remember the things that have happened to you: from where you began and where you traveled, and in what place you were seized by the spirit of fornication, or of anger, or of sorrow, and how all the things happening came to pass, and learn these things clearly, and hand them over to the memory so that you may have them to refute him when he approaches, and the place hidden by him.
Do not be discouraged, and you will no longer follow it. But if you wish at any time to provoke it even to madness, expose it immediately upon standing, and reveal the first place into which it entered, and the second, and the third, for it becomes very angry when it does not bear the shame; and this will be a proof of the timely moment to confront it, that the thought has fled from you; for it is impossible for it to remain standing when it is being clearly exposed. But having been defeated by this, the demon of delusion is succeeded by a very heavy sleep, and a death with much coldness of the eyelids, and countless yawning, and shoulders being weighed down, and falling into stupors, which the Holy Spirit will dissolve by concise prayer.
CHAPTER 3. The hatred toward the demons contributes entirely to our salvation, and is helpful toward the work of virtue; but we are unable to nourish this within ourselves, like a good offspring, because the love-seeking spirits are destroying it, and they are calling the soul back toward friendship and habit again; but the physician of souls treats this friendship, and rather this difficult anger, by abandonment; for he acknowledges that we suffer something fearful from them by night or during the day, and again the soul, being taught to turn back toward the archetypal hatred, says to the Lord, according to David, 'I have hated them with perfect hatred, they have become enemies to me' (Ps 118:158). For this one hates enemies with perfect hatred, he who sins neither in action nor in thought; which is, of the first, and the greatest, a proof of apatheia.
CHAPTER 4. And concerning the demon who makes the soul insensate, what is there to say? For I have become afraid even to write about him, how the soul of the one in one's own house is displaced from its state; for at the time of his visitation, it strips itself of the fear of God and of reverence, and it considers sin not to be sin, and it does not think lawlessness to be lawlessness, and it remembers the punishment and the eternal judgment only as a bare word, and it truly mocks the fiery earthquake, and it perhaps confesses God, but it does not know what He has commanded; you strike at the breasts, while it moves toward sin, and it does not even feel it. From
Greek · §4
αὐτὸς λόγος, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων πραγμάτων ῥηθήσεται, κατὰ τὸν κακόνα τοῦτον μυστικῶς γυμναζόμενος. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Ηʹ. Ἔστι δαίμων, πλάνος λεγόμενος, καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν ἕω μάλιστα τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς παρίσταται, ὅστις περιάγει τοῦ ἀναχωρητοῦ τὸν νοῦν ἀπὸ πόλεως εἰς πόλιν, καὶ ἀπὸ οἰκίας εἰς οἰκίαν, καὶ ἀπὸ κώμης εἰς κώμην, ψιλὰς δῆθεν πρῶτον τὰς συντυχίας ποιούμενον, καὶ γνωρίμοις τισὶ τυγχάνοντα, καὶ λαλοῦντα μακρότερα, καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν πρὸς τοὺς ἀπαντῶντας κατάστασιν διαφθείροντα, καὶ μακρὰν γινόμενον, κατ' ὀλίγον τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς, καὶ τοῦ ἐπαγγέλματος λήθην λαμβάνοντα. ∆εῖ οὖν τὸν ἀναχωροῦντα, τοῦτον τηρεῖν, πόθεν τε ἄρχεται, καὶ ποῦ καταλήγει· οὐ γὰρ εἰκῆ, οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχε μακρὸν ἐκεῖνον κύκλον ἐργάζεται, ἀλλὰ τὴν κατάστασιν τοῦ ἀναχωρητοῦ διαφθείρειν βουλόμενος, ταῦτα ποιεῖ, ἵνα ἐκκαυθεὶς ἐκ τούτων ὁ νοῦς, καὶ ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν συντυχιῶν μεθυσθεὶς εὐθέως τῷ τῆς πορνείας, ἢ τῆς ὀργῆς, ἢ τῷ τῆς λύπης δαίμονι περιπέσῃ, οἵτινες μάλιστα λυμαίνονται τῆς καταστάσεως αὐτοῦ τὴν λαμπρότητα. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς, εἴπερ ἔχομεν σκοπὸν τοῦ γνῶναι σαφῶς τὴν τούτου πανουργίαν, μὴ ταχέως φθεγξώμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν, μηδὲ δεικνύωμεν τὰ γινόμενα, πῶς κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τὰς συντυχίας ἐργάζεται, καὶ τίνα τρόπον κατ' ὀλίγον συνελαύνει τὸν νοῦν πρὸς τὸν θάνατον, ἐπεὶ φεύξεται ἀφ' ἡμῶν· 79.1212 ὁρᾶσθαι γὰρ ταῦτα πράττων οὐ καταδέχεται· καὶ οὐδὲν λοιπὸν εἰσόμεθα ὧν μαθεῖν ἐσπουδάκαμεν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλην μίαν ἡμέραν, ἢ καὶ δευτέραν συγχωρήσωμεν αὐτῷ τελειῶσαι τὸ δρᾶγμα, ἵνα ἀκριβῶς μαθόντες αὐτοῦ τὸ σκαιώρημα, λόγῳ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐλέγξαντες αὐτὸν φυγαδεύσωμεν. 4 ΚΕΦΑΛ. Θʹ. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ συμβαίνει, τεθολωμένον ὄντα τὸν νοῦν μὴ ἀκριβῶς ἰδεῖν τὰ γινόμενα, μετὰ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν τοῦ δαίμονος τοῦτο γινέσθω· καθεσθεὶς καθ' ἑαυτὸν, μνημόνευσον τῶν συμβεβηκότων σοι πραγμάτων, πόθεν τε ἤρξω καὶ ποῦ ἐπορεύθης, καὶ ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ συνελήφθης ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς πορνείας, ἢ τῆς ὀργῆς, ἢ τῆς λύπης, καὶ πῶς πάντα γέγονε τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ σαφῶς ταῦτα κατάμαθε, καὶ παράδος τῇ μνήμῃ ἵνα ἔχῃς ἐλέγχειν αὐτὸν προσιόντα, καὶ τὸν κρυπτόμενον ὑπ' αὐτοῦ τόπον καταμήνυε, καὶ οὐκ ἀκολουθήσεις αὐτῷ λοιπόν. Εἰ δὲ βούλει ποτὲ καὶ εἰς μανίαν προκαλέσασθαι, ἔλεγξον αὐτὸν εὐθὺς ἐπιστάντα, καὶ τὸν πρῶτον τόπον εἰς ὃν εἰσῆλθε φανέρωσον, καὶ τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ τὸν τρίτον, πάνυ γὰρ χαλεπαίνει μὴ φέρων τὴν αἰσχύνην· ἀπόδειξις δὲ ἔσται τοῦ καιρίως σε φθέγξασθαι πρὸς αὐτὸν, τὸ πεφευγέναι τὸν λογισμὸν ἀπὸ σοῦ· ἀδύνατον γὰρ λοιπὸν στῆναι αὐτὸν φανερῶς ἐλεγχόμενον. Τοῦτον δὲ ἡττηθέντα τὸν τῆς πλάνης δαίμονα διαδέχεται ὕπνος βαρύτατος, καὶ νέκρωσις μετὰ ψυχρότητος πολλῆς τῶν βλεφάρων, καὶ χασμοὶ ἄπειροι, καὶ ὦμοι βαρούμενοι, καὶ ναρκῶντες, ἅπερ τῇ συντόνῳ προσευχῇ διαλύσει τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Ιʹ. Πάνυ τὸ μῖσος τὸ κατὰ τῶν δαιμόνων ἡμῖν πρὸς σωτηρίαν συμβάλλεται, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐργασίαν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐστιν ἐπιτήδειον· ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἐκτρέφειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὥσπερ τι γέννημα ἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἰσχύομεν, τῶν φιληδόνων πνευμάτων διαφθειρόντων αὐτὸ, καὶ πρὸς φιλίαν, καὶ συνήθειαν πάλιν τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκκαλουμένων· ἀλλὰ ταύτην τὴν φιλίαν, μᾶλλον δὲ τὴν δυσίατον γάγραιναν ὁ ἰατρὸς τῶν ψυχῶν δι' ἐγκαταλείψεως θεραπεύει· συγχωρεῖ γάρ τι φοβερὸν παθεῖν ἡμᾶς ὑπ' αὐτῶν νύκτωρ ἢ μεθ' ἡμέραν, καὶ πάλιν ἡ ψυχὴ πρὸς τὸ ἀρχέτυπον μῖσος ἐπανατρέχει διδασκομένη πρὸς τὸν Κύριον λέγειν, κατὰ τὸν ∆αβὶδ, τὸ, «Τέλειον μῖσος ἐμίσουν αὐτοὺς, εἰς ἐχθροὺς ἐγένοντό μοι.» Οὗτος γὰρ τέλειον μῖσος μισεῖ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς, ὁ μήτε κατ' ἐνέργειαν, μήτε κατὰ διάνοιαν ἁμαρτάνων· ὅπερ τῆς πρώτης, καὶ τῆς μεγίστης ἐστὶν ἀπαθείας τεκμήριον. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΑʹ. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ δαίμονος, τοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν ἀναισθητεῖν ποιοῦντος, τί δεῖ λέγειν; Ἐγὼ γὰρ δέδοικα καὶ γράφειν περὶ αὐτοῦ, πῶς ἡ ψυχὴ τῆς οἰκείας ἐξίσταται καταστάσεως· παρὰ γὰρ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἐπιδημίας αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸν φόβον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τὴν εὐλάβειαν 79.1213 ἀποδύεται, καὶ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, οὐχ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι λογίζεται, καὶ τὴν παρανομίαν οὐ νομίζει παρανομίαν, κολάσεως δὲ καὶ κρίσεως αἰωνίου, ὡς ψιλοῦ ῥήματος μέμνηται, καταγελᾷ δὲ ὄντως σεισμοῦ πυρφόρου, καὶ Θεὸν μὲν δῆθεν ὁμολογεῖ, τί δὲ προσέταξεν οὐκ ἐπίσταται· τύπτεις εἰς τὰ στήθη, κινουμένης αὐτῆς πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, καὶ αὕτη οὐκ αἰσθάνεται. Ἀπὸ
The torment of the demon and the sting of the viper§5
5He discourses with Scriptures, yet is entirely calloused and does not listen; the things offered by men are a delusion to him, and he does not consider the shame from men, and this he does not understand at all, like a pig having covered its eyes and breaking the fence. And these thoughts, having aged this demon of vainglory, if the days had not been cut short, all flesh would not have been saved.
For even regarding those occasionally offending the brothers, the cause is manifest; for when being pressed by misfortunes, either in sickness, or in prison being unfortunate, or by sudden deaths falling upon them, this one flees, the soul being slightly subdued and coming into compassion, and the demonic callousness being dissolved, of which we are at a loss due to the desert and the scarcity of the weak among us.
Chapter 12. The Lord in the Gospels commanded those seeing the weak and those visiting in prison to flee most especially from this demon: 'For I was weak,' he says, 'and you visited me, and in prison you also came to me' (Matt 25:36). However, this is to be known: if any of the recluses, having fallen into this demon, did not entertain fornication thoughts, or did not leave the house of grief, he received temperance and patience descending from heaven, and he is blessed, having been made worthy of such an apatheia. But as for those who intend godliness and to associate with worldly things, let them guard against this demon. For I have more to say or write about him, and I am ashamed before men.
Chapter 13. All demons teach the soul love of pleasure; but the demon of grief does not accept doing this, but also destroys the thoughts that have entered, cutting off all pleasure and drying it up through grief. If even the bone of a sorrowful man is dried up, the recluse proves himself tested, fighting moderately.
For it persuades him not to approach anything of this world and to turn away from all pleasure; and by persisting more, it generates thoughts that lead him astray, with the soul advising him, or by forcing him to flee from places. This is what has been said of old, and even the holy Job was harassed by this, being troubled by the demon: 'If only I could, he says, master myself, or having prayed to another, he would do this for me' (Job 7:15-17). The viper is a symbol of this demon, a beast whose nature, being given to human-loving in a deceptive way, destroys the venom of other beasts, but being taken uncontrollably, it destroys the animal itself. Paul delivered the one who acted lawlessly in Corinth to this demon, for he writes again earnestly: 'Command, he says to the Corinthians, love toward him, so that such a one may not be consumed by excessive sorrow' (1 Cor 5:5). But we know that this becomes a tribulation for the spirit of man and becomes a precursor to good repentance for them; whence also the holy John the Baptist, those being stung by this and offering themselves to God: 'Brood of vipers, he says, who showed you to flee from the coming wrath? Produce therefore fruit worthy of repentance, and do not presume to say to yourselves, We have Abraham as father; for I say to you that God is able to raise up from these stones children to Abraham' (Matt 3:7-9). However, everyone imitating Abraham, and coming out from his land and from his kin, has himself become stronger of this demon.
CHAPTER 44. If anyone is mastered by passion, he is mastered by demons; and if anyone is enslaved by this passion, he is entirely a stranger to the solitary life, and a stranger to the ways of our Savior; if indeed our Lord himself is said to teach the gentle the ways of his gentleness (Matt 11:29). Therefore, the mind becomes difficult to manage when it retreats into the field of gentleness; for none of the virtues is almost so...
Greek · §5
Γραφῶν διαλέγῃ, καὶ ὅλη πεπώρωται, καὶ οὐκ ἀκούει· ὄνειδος αὐτῇ τὸ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων προσφέρεις, καὶ οὐ λογίζεται τὴν παρὰ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις αἰσχύνην, καὶ αὕτη ὅλως οὐ συνίησι, δίκην χοίρου καμμύσαντος ὀφθαλμοὺς, καὶ τὸν φραγμὸν διακόπτοντος· τοῦτον δὲ τὸν δαίμονα κενοδοξίας χρονίσαντες ἐπάγουσι λογισμοὶ, οὗ εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ. Καὶ γὰρ τῶν σπανίως παραβαλλόντων τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ αἰτία πρόδηλος· ἐπὶ συμφοραῖς γὰρ ἑτέρων ἢ ἐν νόσοις πιεζομένων, ἢ ἐν φυλακαῖς δυστυχούντων, ἢ αἰφνιδίοις περιπιπτόντων θανάτοις, φυγαδεύεται οὗτος, τῆς ψυχῆς κατὰ μικρὸν κατανυσσομένης, καὶ εἰς συμπάθειαν ἐρχομένης, καὶ διαλυομένου τοῦ δαιμονίου πωρώματος, ὧν ἡμεῖς ἀποροῦμεν διὰ τὴν ἔρημον, καὶ τὴν σπάνιν τῶν παρ' ἡμῖν ἀσθενούντων. 5 ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΒʹ. Τοῦτον τὸν δαίμονα μάλιστα φυγαδεύων ὁ Κύριος ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις προσέταξεν ἀσθενοῦντας ὁρᾷν, καὶ τοὺς ἐν φυλακῇ ἐπισκέπτεσθαι· «Ἀσθενὴς γὰρ ἤμην, φησὶ, καὶ ἐπεσκέψασθέ με, καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ καὶ ἤλθετε πρός με.» Πλὴν τοῦτο ἰστέον, εἴ τις τῶν ἀναχωρητῶν, περιπεσὼν τούτῳ τῷ δαίμονι, λογισμοὺς οὐκ ἔλαβε πορνικοὺς, ἢ τὸν οἶκον ἀκηδίας οὐ κατέλιπεν, οὗτος σωφροσύνην, καὶ ὑπομονὴν ἀπ' οὐρανῶν ἐδέξατο κατελθούσας, καὶ μακάριός ἐστι τῆς τοιαύτης καταξιωθεὶς ἀπαθείας. Ὅσοι δὲ τῶν ἐπαγγελλομένων θεοσέβειαν, καὶ κοσμικοῖς συναυλίζεσθαι προαιροῦνται, φυλαττέσθωσαν τούτου τοῦ δαίμονος. Ἐγὼ γὰρ περὶ αὐτοῦ πλέον τι λέγειν, ἢ γράφειν, καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους αἰσχύνομαι. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΓʹ. Πάντες οἱ δαίμονες φιλήδονον διδάσκουσι τὴν ψυχήν· μόνος δὲ ὁ τῆς λύπης δαίμων, τοῦτο πράττειν οὐ καταδέχεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν εἰσελθόντων τοὺς λογισμοὺς διαφθείρει, πᾶσαν ἡδονὴν περικόπτων καὶ ξηραίνων αὐτὴν διὰ τῆς λύπης. Εἴπερ ἀνδρὸς λυπηροῦ ξηραίνεται ὀστᾶ, καὶ μετρίως μὲν πολεμῶν δόκιμον τὸν ἀναχωρητὴν ἀπεργάζεται· πείθει γὰρ αὐτὸν μηδὲν τῶν κόσμου τούτου προσίεσθαι, καὶ πᾶσαν ἡδονὴν περιίστασθαι, πλεῖον δὲ προσκαρτερῶν, γεννᾷ λογισμοὺς ὑπεξάγειν ἑαυτὸν τῇ ψυχῇ συμβουλεύοντας, ἢ φεύγειν τῶν τόπων μα79.1216 κρὰν ἀναγκάζοντας· ὅπερ λελόγισταί ποτε, καὶ πέπονθε καὶ ὁ ἅγιος Ἰὼβ ὑπὸ τούτου παρενοχλούμενος τοῦ δαίμονος· «Εἴθε γὰρ δυναίμην, φησὶν, ἐμαυτὸν χειρώσασθαι, ἢ δεηθείς γε ἑτέρου, καὶ ποιήσει μοι τοῦτο.» Τούτου τοῦ δαίμονος σύμβολόν ἐστιν ἡ ἔχιδνα, τὸ θηρίον, ἧς ἡ φύσις φιλανθρώπως διδομένη, τοὺς τῶν ἄλλων θηρίων ἰοὺς διαφθείρει, ἀκρατῶς δὲ λαμβανομένη καὶ αὐτὸ διαφθείρει τὸ ζῶον. Τούτῳ τῷ δαίμονι παρέδωκεν ὁ Παῦλος τὸν ἐν Κορίνθῳ παρανομήσαντα, διὸ καὶ γράφει πάλιν σπουδαίως· «Κυρώσατε, λέγων τοῖς Κορινθίοις, εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην, ἵνα μή ποτε τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ καταποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος.» Ἀλλ' οἶδε τοῦτο θλίβον τοὺς ἀνθρώπου τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ μετανοίας αὐτοῖς ἀγαθῆς πρόξενον γίνεσθαι· ὅθεν καὶ ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς, τοὺς ὑπὸ τούτου κεντουμένους τοῦ δαίμονος, καὶ προσφεύγοντας τῷ Θεῷ· «Γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν, φησὶ, τίς ὑμῖν ὑπέδειξε φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς; ποιήσατε οὖν καρπὸν ἄξιον τῆς μετανοίας, καὶ μὴ δόξητε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, Πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ· λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ.» Πλὴν πᾶς ὁ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ μιμησάμενος, καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας, αὐτὸς καὶ τούτου τοῦ δαίμονος γέγονεν ἰσχυρότερος. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Ι∆ʹ. Εἴ τις θυμοῦ κεκράτηκεν, οὗτος δαιμόνων κεκράτηκεν, εἰ δέ τις τούτῳ τῷ πάθει δεδούλωται, οὗτος μοναδικοῦ βίου ἐστὶ παντελῶς ἀλλότριος, καὶ ξένος τῶν ὁδῶν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν· εἴπερ αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν λέγεται διδάσκειν τοὺς πραεῖς τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ· διὸ καὶ δυσθήρατος γίνεται τῶν ἀναχωρούντων ὁ νοῦς, εἰς τὸ τῆς πραότητος φεύγων πεδίον· οὐδεμίαν γὰρ τῶν ἀρετῶν σχεδὸν οὕτω
The Deceptions of Demons and the Remedy of Anger§6
6The demons have judged gentleness to be a good thing; for even Moses was called this, being gentle toward all men. And the holy David expressed that this was the value of God's remembrance: 'Remember, Lord,' he says, 'David, and all his gentleness' (Ps 89:1). But the Savior himself, imitating us, commanded us to become of that gentleness: 'Learn from me,' he says, 'that I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls' (Matt 11:29). And if someone abstains from filth and drink, but stirs up his mind with evil thoughts, he is like a ship sailing the sea and having a demon as a pilot; therefore, one must observe how much power our dog has, and teach him to destroy only the wolves and not to devour the sheep, which indicates all gentleness toward all men.
Of the thoughts, the one of vainglory is most widespread, almost encompassing the whole inhabited world, and opening the doors to all the demons, just like an evil traitor who becomes of a good city. Therefore, he is very humble toward the one withdrawing the mind, filling him with many words and things, and grieving his prayers through which he strives to heal all the wounds of his soul. All the demons, having been defeated, join together in this thought, and again through it they all gain entrance into souls, making the latter things truly worse than the former. And from this thought is born that one of pride, which has unsealed the likeness and cast down the crown of beauty from the heavens to the earth.
But flee from this, and do not linger, so that we do not betray our life to others and leave our life in misery. One flees from this demon by intense prayer and by doing nothing that contributes to the falling glory. When one seizes a little of the apathy of those withdrawing the mind, then, having acquired a horse of vainglory, he immediately gallops through the cities, carrying unmeasured praise of glory, by which, according to the economy, the spirit of fornication met him, and having shut him into one of the harlots, it teaches him not to leave the bed before perfect health, nor the unruly of the...
However, we must imitate the wise, for those who still carry the remnants of weakness within themselves, expose themselves to paths and untimely baths, and fall into diseases resulting from turning back. Therefore, sitting still, let us rather attend to ourselves, since, while we make progress in virtue, we become slow to move against evil, but being renewed in knowledge, we receive a multitude of various contemplations, and being lifted up again, we will more clearly behold the light of our Savior through prayer.
CHAPTER 1. I cannot write all the evils of the demons, and I am ashamed to leave out their wicked crafts, fearing for the simpler ones who will receive them. But besides the spirit of fornication, listen to the spirit of cunning. When someone acquires apathy in the part of desire, and the shameful thoughts become merely subconscious, he the demon introduces men and women playing with one another, and of shameful things and forms, making the one who withdraws a spectator. But this temptation is not of those who persist; for intense prayer, and the strictest diet with wakefulness, and the exercise of spiritual contemplations, like a cloud, drive him dry. And there is a time when he even touches the flesh, purging them toward irrational burning, and this wicked one devises a myriad of other devices, which are not necessary to publish or to hand over in writing. It also contributes greatly to the thoughts and a heat of passion moved against the demon, which he most fears, being disturbed and corrupted by the thoughts; and this is that: 'Be angry, and sin not' (Ephesians 4:26). This is a useful medicine administered to the soul in such temptations. And the one who uses anger imitates this demon, and he deceives, and he makes some of those born, or friends, or relatives, or household members, being insulted and struck by unworthy ones, and he stirs up the passion of the one withdrawing, so that he might utter something evil, or do something toward those who seem, in thought, to be enemies to whom it is not necessary to attend, and he quickly snatches the mind away from such idols, so that, not lingering in them, he might become distracted at the time of prayer, like a bellows smoking. By these temptations, the angry ones...
Greek · §6
δεδοίκασιν οἱ δαίμονες, ὡς πραΰτητα· ταύτην γὰρ καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐκεῖνος ἐκέκτητο, πραῢς παρὰ πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους κληθείς. Καὶ ὁ ἅγιος δὲ ∆αβὶδ ἀξίαν ταύτην τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ μνήμης ἀπεφθέγξατο εἶναι· «Μνήσθητι Κύριε, λέγων, τοῦ ∆αβὶδ, καὶ πάσης τῆς πραότητος αὐτοῦ.» Ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Σωτὴρ μιμητὰς ἡμᾶς ἐκέλευσε γενέσθαι τῆς ἐκείνου πραότητος· «Μάθετε ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, λέγων, ὅτι, πρᾶός εἰμι, καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ, καὶ εὑρήσετε ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν.» Εἰ δέ τις βρωμάτων μὲν, καὶ πομάτων, ἀπέχοιτο, θυμὸν δὲ λογισμοῖς πονηροῖς ἐρεθίζει, οὗτος ἔοικε ποντοπορούσῃ νηῒ, καὶ ἐχούσῃ δαίμονα κυβερνήτην, διὸ προσεκτέον, ὅση δύναμις, 6 τῷ ἡμετέρῳ κυνὶ, καὶ διδακτέον αὐτὸν, τοὺς λύκους μόνους διαφθείρειν, καὶ μὴ τὰ πρόβατα κατεσθίειν, πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνύμενον πραότητα πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΕʹ. Μόνος τῶν λογισμῶν ὁ τῆς κενοδοξίας ἐστὶ πολύυλος, καὶ ὅλην σχεδὸν περιλαμβάνων τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς δαίμοσιν ὑπανοίγων τὰς θύρας, ὥσπερ 79.1217 τις προδότης πονηρὸς ἀγαθῆς γενόμενος πόλεως. ∆ιὸ καὶ πάνυ ταπεινοῖ τοῦ ἀναχωροῦντος τὸν νοῦν, πολλῶν λόγων αὐτὸν καὶ πραγμάτων πληρῶν, καὶ τὰς προσευχὰς αὐτοῦ λυμαινόμενος δι' ὧν πάντα τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ τραύματα θεραπεύειν σπουδάζει. Τοῦτον τὸν λογισμὸν συναύξουσι πάντες ἡττηθέντες οἱ δαίμονες, καὶ πάλιν δι' αὐτοῦ πάντες εἰς τὰς ψυχὰς λαμβάνουσιν εἴσοδον, ποιοῦντες ὄντως τὰ ἔσχατα, χείρονα τῶν πρώτων. Ἐκ τούτου δὲ γεννᾶται τοῦ λογισμοῦ, καὶ ὁ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας ἐκεῖνος, ὁ τὸ ἀποσφράγισμα τῆς ὁμοιώσεως, καὶ τὸν στέφανον τοῦ κάλλους ἀπ' οὐρανῶν εἰς γῆν κατασείσας. Ἀλλ' ἀποπήδησον τούτου, καὶ μὴ χρονίσῃς, ἵνα μὴ προδῶμεν ἄλλοις τὴν ζωὴν ἡμῶν, καὶ τὸν ἡμέτερον βίον ἀνελεήμοσι. Τοῦτον δὲ τὸν δαίμονα φυγαδεύει ἐκτενὴς προσευχὴ, καὶ τὸ μηδὲν ἑκόντα ποιεῖν, τῶν συντελούντων πρὸς τὴν ἐπάρατον δόξαν. Ὅταν ὀλίγης ἀπαθείας τῶν ἀναχωρούντων ὁ νοῦς ἐπιλάβηται, τότε κενοδοξίας ἵππον κτησάμενος, εὐθέως ἐλαύνει κατὰ τὰς πόλεις, ἄκρατον ἐκ τῆς δόξης ἐμφορούμενος ἔπαινον, ᾧ, κατ' οἰκονομίαν, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πορνείας ἀπαντῆσαν, καὶ εἰς ἕνα τῶν συφεῶν ἀποκλεῖσαν τοῦτον, παιδεύει αὐτὸν μηκέτι πρὸ τῆς τελείας ὑγείας καταλιμπάνειν τὴν κλίνην, μηδὲ τοὺς ἀτάκτους τῶν ἀῤῥώστων μιμεῖσθαι, οἵτινες, ἔτι λείψανα τῆς ἀσθενείας ἐν ἑαυτοῖς περιφέροντες, ὁδοῖς ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ λουτροῖς ἀκαίροις ἐπιδιδόασι, καὶ τοῖς ἐξ ὑποστροφῆς νοσήμασι περιπίπτουσι. ∆ιόπερ καθεζόμενοι μᾶλλον προσέχωμεν ἑαυτοῖς, ὡς, προκόπτοντες μὲν ἐν ἀρετῇ, δυσκίνητοι πρὸς κακίαν γινόμεθα, ἀνακαινούμενοι δὲ ἐν τῇ γνώσει, ποικίλων προσλαμβάνομεν πλῆθος θεωρημάτων, ὑψούμενοι δὲ πάλιν κατὰ τὴν προσευχὴν φανερώτερον τὸ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἐποπτεύσομεν φῶς. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Ιϛʹ. Πάσας μὲν τὰς κακουργίας τῶν δαιμόνων γράφειν οὐ δύναμαι, καὶ τὰς κακοτεχνίας αὐτῶν καταλέγειν αἰσχύνομαι, δεδοικὼς τῶν ἐντευξομένων τοὺς ἁπλουστέρους. Πλὴν δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς πορνείας, ἄκουε πανουργίαν. Ὅταν τις τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ μέρους κτήσηται ἀπάθειαν, καὶ οἱ αἰσχροὶ λογισμοὶ λοιπὸν ὑπόψυχροι γένωνται, τὸ τηνικαῦτα εἰσάγει ἄνδρας τε, καὶ γυναῖκας παίζοντας μετ' ἀλλήλων, καὶ αἰσχρῶν πραγμάτων, καὶ σχημάτων τὸν ἀναχωρητὴν καθίστησι θεατήν. Ἀλλ' οὗτος ὁ πειρασμὸς οὐκ ἔστι τῶν χρονιζόντων· προσευχὴ γὰρ σύντονος, καὶ δίαιτα στενωτάτη μετὰ ἀγρυπνίας, καὶ γυμνασίας θεωρημάτων πνευματικῶν ὥσπερ νέφος αὐτὸν ἄνυδρον ἐπελαύνει. Ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ τῶν σαρκῶν ἐφάπτεται, πρὸς τὴν ἄλογον πύρωσιν αὐτὰς ἐκμοχλεύων, καὶ ἄλλα δέ τινα μυρία προσμηχανᾶται ὁ παμπόνηρος οὗτος, ἅπερ οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον δημοσιεῦσαι, καὶ γραφῇ παραδοῦναι. Συμβάλλεται δὲ σφόδρα πρὸς τοὺς λογισμοὺς καὶ ζέσις θυμοῦ κατὰ τοῦ δαίμονος κινηθεῖσα, ὅνπερ θυμὸν μάλιστα δέδοικεν ἐπὶ τοῖς λογισμοῖς ταρασσόμενον, καὶ διαφθείροντα, αὐτοῦ τὰ 79.1220 νοήματα· καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ, «Ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε.» Χρήσιμον τοῦτο φάρμακον ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις πειρασμοῖς τῇ ψυχῇ προσαγόμενον. Μιμεῖται δὲ καὶ ὁ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦτον τὸν δαίμονα, καὶ πλάττει, καὶ αὐτός τινας τῶν γεγεννηκότων, ἢ φίλων, ἢ συγγενῶν, ἢ οἰκείων ὑβριζομένους, καὶ τυπτομένους ὑπὸ ἀναξίων, καὶ τῶν ἀναχωρούντων ἀνακινεῖ τὸν θυμὸν, ὥστε φθέγξασθαί τι πονηρὸν, ἢ ποιῆσαι πρὸς τοὺς φαινομένους κατὰ διάνοιαν, οἷς οὐ προσέχειν ἀναγκαῖον, καὶ ταχέως ἐξαρπάζειν ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων 7 εἰδώλων τὸν νοῦν, ἵνα μὴ χρονίσας ἐν αὐτοῖς, γένηται κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς, ὥσπερ δαλὸς καπνιζόμενος. Τούτοις δὲ τοῖς πειρασμοῖς οἱ θυμώδεις
The Sword of Discernment and the Deception of Gold§7
7They fall into it, especially those easily ignited by the passions, which are far from pure prayer and the knowledge of our Savior Jesus Christ.
Chapter 17. The Lord handed over the thoughts of this age to the human, the good shepherd, just like some sheep; for he says he has given the age into his heart, joining to him a spirit and a desire for helpp, so that through the spirit he might flee the thoughts of wolves, and through desire he might care for the sheep, being often struck by rains and winds. He also gave to him a law, so that he might shepherd the sheep, and a place of pasture, and water of refreshment, and a psaltery, and a lyre, and a rod, and a staff, so that from this flock he might both be fed, and clothe himself, and gather mountain grass. For who, he says, shepherds a flock and does not eat from the milk of the flock? Therefore, the one withdrawing must guard by night and by day this little flock, lest it become beast-like through thoughts, or fall into robbers; but if such a thing should happen by chance, to snatch it immediately from the mouth of the lion or the bear. And the thought concerning the brother becomes beast-like if the one in us shepherds with hatred, and the thought concerning the woman, if it turns toward us with shameful desire, and the thought of silver and of gold, if it is enticed by greed. And the thoughts of holy gifts, if they were to be grazed by intellect with vainglory; and regarding other thoughts, it will happen likewise, being stolen by the passions.
Chapter 18. It is necessary not only to keep these things in the day, but also to guard by staying awake at night. For it happens that through appearing shameful or evil, one might lose his own; and this is what is said by the holy Jacob: 'Did I not have a sheep that became beast-like? I was tearing away from myself thefts of the day and thefts of the night, and I became joined to the burning of the day and the frost of the night, and sleep stood away from my eyes.' If any weariness or listlessness should come to us, let us run back a little to the rock of knowledge, let us commune with the psaltery, striking the strings of knowledge through virtues, and let us graze...
Again, the sheep are under Mount Sinai, so that the God of our fathers may call us out of the bush, and grant us the words of the signs and the wonders. Christ raises up the rational nature having been killed by malice through the contemplation of all the ages; and his Father raises up this dying soul, the death of Christ, through the knowledge of himself.
And this is what is said by Paul: 'If we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him' (Rom 6:4). When the mind, having stripped off the old man, puts on the one from grace, then it will see its own state at a time of prayer, appearing similar in sapphire or heavenly color, which Scripture also names a place of God, having been seen by the elders under Mount Sinai. Chapter 19.
When one of the enemies strikes you by trespassing, and you wish to turn his sword, according to what is written (Ps 38:2), do thus to his heart, as we say. Analyze for yourself the thought cast against you by him, whatever it may be, and from how many things it was composed, and what this is most of all that afflicts the mind.
But what I say is this: Let the thought of love of money be sent by him; analyze this for the mind receiving it, and into the concept of gold, and into the gold itself, and into the passion of love of money; and furthermore ask, which of these is sin, whether the mind, and how? It is the image of God. But the concept of gold? And what could anyone with a mind say about this? But is the gold itself sin? And for whose sake has it become so? It follows, therefore, that it is neither a thing subsisting in essence, nor a concept of a thing, nor again an incorporeal mind, but a certain misanthropic pleasure, being produced from the will and being used badly, forcing the mind—which is a creation of God—into this, which the law of God is believed to circumcise. And while you are investigating these things, the thought will be destroyed by being analyzed into its own contemplation, and the demon will flee from you, your intellect being lifted to a height by this knowledge. Chapter 20.
But if you wish to use that sword, first aim to wound him with your own sling. You also cast out a stone from the...
Greek · §7
περιπίπτουσι, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ ῥᾳδίως πρὸς τὰς ὀργὰς ἐξαπτόμενοι, οἵτινες μακράν εἰσι καθαρᾶς προσευχῆς, καὶ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΖʹ. Τὰ νοήματα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ὁ Κύριος καθάπερ πρόβατά τινα τῷ ἀγαθῷ ποιμένι τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ παρέδωκε· καὶ γὰρ, φησὶν, τὸν αἰῶνα δέδωκεν ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· συζεύξας αὐτῷ θυμὸν, καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν πρὸς βοήθειαν, ἵνα, διὰ μὲν τοῦ θυμοῦ, φυγαδεύῃ τὰ τῶν λύκων νοήματα, διὰ δὲ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας στέργῃ τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ὑετῶν, καὶ ἀνέμων πολλάκις βαλλόμενος. ∆έδωκε δὲ αὐτῷ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ νομὸν, ὅπως ποιμαίνῃ τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ τόπον χλόης, καὶ ὕδωρ ἀναπαύσεως, καὶ ψαλτήριον, καὶ κιθάραν, καὶ ῥάβδον, καὶ βακτηρίαν, ἵνα ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ποίμνης, καὶ τραφῇ, καὶ ἐνδύσηται, καὶ χόρτον ὀρεινὸν συναγάγῃ. «Τίς γὰρ, φησὶ, ποιμαίνει ποίμνην, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆς ποίμνης οὐκ ἐσθίει;» ∆εῖ οὖν τὸν ἀναχωροῦντα φυλάττειν νύκτωρ, καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν τοῦτο τὸ ποίμνιον, μήτι τῶν νοημάτων γένηται θηριάλωτον, ἢ λῃσταῖς περιπέσῃ, εἰ δὲ ἄρα τι τοιοῦτο συμβαίη κατὰ τὴν νάπην, εὐθέως ἐξαρπάζειν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ λέοντος ἢ τῆς ἄρκτου. Γίνεται δὲ τὸ νόημα τὸ περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ θηριάλωτον, εἰ μετὰ μίσους νέμοι τὸ ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ τὸ περὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, εἰ μετ' αἰσχρᾶς ἐπιθυμίας στρέφοιτο παρ' ἡμῖν, καὶ τὸ τοῦ ἀργυρίου, καὶ τοῦ χρυσίου, εἰ μετὰ πλεονεξίας αὐλίζοιτο. Καὶ τὰ νοήματα τῶν ἁγίων χαρισμάτων, εἰ μετὰ κενοδοξίας κατὰ διάνοιαν βόσκοιτο· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων δὲ νοημάτων ὡσαύτως συμβήσεται, κλεπτομένων τοῖς πάθεσιν. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΗʹ. Οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ δεῖ ταῦτα τηρεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ νύκτωρ ἀγρυπνοῦντας φυλάττειν. Συμβαίνει γὰρ καὶ φανταζόμενον αἰσχρῶς, καὶ πονηρῶς, ἀπολέσαι τὸ ἴδιον· καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου λεγόμενον Ἰακώβ· «Οὐκ ἐνήνοχά σοι πρόβατον θηριάλωτον, ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπετίννυον κλέμματα ἡμέρας, καὶ κλέμ79.1221 ματα νυκτὸς, καὶ ἐγενόμην συγκαιόμενος τῷ καύσωνι τῆς ἡμέρας, καὶ τῷ παγετῷ τῆς νυκτὸς, καὶ ἀφίστατο ὁ ὕπνος ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου;» Εἰ δέ τις ἐκ τοῦ καμάτου καὶ ἀκηδία ἡμῖν προσγένηται, μικρὸν ἀναδραμόντες ἐπὶ τὴν τῆς γνώσεως πέτραν τῷ ψαλτηρίῳ προσομιλήσωμεν, πλήσσοντες διὰ τῶν ἀρετῶν τῆς γνώσεως τὰς χορδὰς, βοσκήσωμεν δὲ πάλιν ὑπὸ τὸ Σιναῖον ὄρος τὰ πρόβατα, ἵνα ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς βάτου καλέσῃ, καὶ τοὺς λόγους τῶν σημείων, καὶ τῶν τεράτων καὶ ἡμῖν χαρίσηται. Φύσιν μὲν λογικὴν ὑπὸ κακίας θανατωθεῖσαν ἐγείρει Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς θεωρίας πάντων τῶν αἰώνων· ὁ δὲ τούτου πατὴρ τὴν ἀποθανοῦσαν ταύτης ψυχὴν, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐγείρει διὰ γνώσεως τῆς ἑαυτοῦ. Καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Παύλου λεγόμενον, τὸ, «Εἰ συναπεθάνομεν τῷ Χριστῷ, πιστεύομεν, ὅτι καὶ συζήσομεν αὐτῷ.» Ὅταν ὁ νοῦς τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀποδυσάμενος τὸν ἐκ χάριτος ἐνδύσηται, τότε καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ κατάστασιν ὄψεται κατὰ καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς, σαπφείρῳ ἢ οὐρανίῳ χρώματι παρεμφερῆ, ἥντινα καὶ τόπον Θεοῦ Γραφὴ ὀνομάζει ὑπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ὀφθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄρους Σινᾶ. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΘʹ. Ὅταν τῶν ἐχθρῶν τρώσῃ σέ τις παραβαλὼν, καὶ βούλει τὴν ῥομφαίαν αὐτοῦ στρέψαι, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ποίησον οὕτως, ὡς λέγομεν. ∆ίελε κατὰ σαυτὸν τὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ βληθέντα λογισμὸν, ὅστις ποτέ ἐστι, καὶ ἐκ πόσων πραγμάτων συνέστηκε, καὶ ποῖον τοῦτό ἐστι μάλιστα τὸ θλίβον τὸν νοῦν. Ὃ δὲ λέγω, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Ἔστω πεμφθεὶς ὁ τῆς φιλαργυρίας ὑπ' αὐτοῦ 8 λογισμὸς, τοῦτον δίελε εἴς τε τὸν ὑποδεξάμενον αὐτὸν νοῦν, καὶ εἰς τὸ νόημα τοῦ χρυσίου, καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν χρυσὸν, καὶ εἰς τὸ φιλάργυρον πάθος· καὶ λοιπὸν ἐρώτα τί τούτων ἐστὶν ἁμαρτία, πότερον ὁ νοῦς; καὶ πῶς; ἔστιν εἰκὼν Θεοῦ. Ἀλλὰ τὸ νόημα τοῦ χρυσοῦ; καὶ τοῦτο τίς ἂν εἴποι νοῦν ἔχων ποτέ; ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ χρυσός ἐστιν ἁμαρτία; καὶ τίνος χάριν γεγένηται; ἕπεται τοίνυν, ὅπερ οὐκ ἔστι μὲν πρᾶγμα ὑφεστὼς κατ' οὐσίαν, οὐδὲ νόημα πράγματος, οὐδὲ νοῦς πάλιν ἀσώματος, ἀλλ' ἡδονή τις μισάνθρωπος, ἐκ τοῦ αὐτεξουσίου τικτομένη, καὶ κακῶς κεχρῆσθαι, τοῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ κτίσμασι τὸν νοῦν ἀναγκάζουσα, ἣν καὶ περιτέμνειν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμος πεπίστευται. Καὶ ταῦτά σου διερευνωμένου, φθαρήσεται μὲν ὁ λογισμὸς εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν ἀναλυόμενος θεωρίαν, φεύξεται δὲ ἀπὸ σοῦ τὸ δαιμόνιον, τῆς διανοίας σου ὑπὸ ταύτης τῆς γνώσεως εἰς ὕψος ἀρθείσης. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Κʹ. Εἰ δὲ βούλει χρήσασθαι μὲν τῇ ἐκείνου ῥομφαίᾳ, ἐπιποθεῖς δὲ πρῶτον διὰ τῆς σῆς σφενδόνης τοῦτον χειρώσασθαι. Ἔκβαλλε καὶ σὺ λίθον ἐκ τοῦ
The Deception of Demons and the Flight of Thoughts§8
8Seek the insight of your pastoral staff. How is it that angels and demons exist alongside our world, while we do not exist alongside theirs? For we can no longer join angels to God, nor do we intend to make more unclean demons. And how was the Morning Star, rising early in the earth, cast down, regarding the sea as a refuge and Tartarus of the abyss as a prisoner, while he boils the abyss like bronze, disturbing all through his malice and desiring to rule all? The insight of these things utterly terrifies the demon and makes him flee from all his intrusion. But these things happen only to those purified in solitude, seeing how the words of events unfold. The unclean do not know the insight of these things, nor would they hear them even if they learned from others, due to much dust and noise caused by passions during war. For it is necessary to somewhat quiet the intrusion of the foreigners, so that only Goliath meets our David. Likewise, we shall use this division and this kind of war against all unclean thoughts.
Chapter 40. Regarding unclean demons: some test man as a man, while others disturb man as an irrational animal; the former, casting themselves alongside, implant in us thoughts of vainglory, or pride, or envy, or accusation, which touch nothing of the irrational; the latter, approaching, stir up anger or desire according to nature. For these passions are common to us and to irrational animals, covered by the rational nature. Therefore the Holy Spirit also says, regarding those falling into human thoughts: 'I said: You are gods, and all are sons of the Most High; yet as men you die, and as one of the rulers you fall' (Psalm 82:6). And regarding those moved irrationally, what does He say? 'Do not become like a horse or a mule, which have no understanding, to pull their jaws with bit and bridle, which are not near to you' (Psalm 32:9). And the soul that sins, this one dies. It is evident that men, dying as men, will be buried by men...
And they die like irrational animals, namely, being fallen, they shall be eaten by vultures or crows, whose young ones either call upon the Lord, or are nourished in blood. He who has ears to hear, let him hear.
Chapter 22. When some of the impure thoughts are quickly driven away, let us seek the cause from where this has happened; whether because of the scarcity of the matter, it being difficult to find the material, or because of the apathy approaching us, the enemies were not able against us? For example, if one of those retreating is suggested by a demon to believe in the spiritual governance of the first city, this one is evident that he will not delay, imagining this thought, and the cause becomes known from the things said; but if it happens of any city, and by chance, and is similarly thought, this one is blessed with apathy. Similarly, regarding the other thoughts, such a method will be found when being examined. These things are necessary to know for our readiness and power, so that we may see whether we have passed the Jordan (Joshua 3) and are near the city of the Phoenicians, or are still traveling in the wilderness and are being struck by foreigners.
For the demon appears to me very diverse in his love of money, and resourceful for deception, who, having often been constricted by the extremity of renunciation, immediately pretends to be a steward and a lover of the poor, and receives guests more sincerely than those not yet present, and sends service to others who are lacking, and visits the city prisons, and redeems those being sold as slaves, and clings to rich women, and shows those who ought to fare well how to do so, and again admonishes others to dismiss a heavy purse having possessed, and thus, having deceived the soul little by little, he subjects it to the thought of money itself, and delivers it to the demon of vainglory.
Chapter 23. As he brings in a multitude of those glorifying the Lord in these economies, and brings forward some who are slightly conversing about priesthood, he quickly predicts the death of the existing priest, and how he will not escape even if he performs ten thousand, and thus the wretched mind, having entered into these thoughts, fights against those who have not accepted them, and those who...
Greek · §8
ποιμενικοῦ σου κωδίου, καὶ τούτου ζήτει τὴν θεωρίαν. Πῶς ἄγγελοι μὲν, καὶ δαίμονες τῷ ἡμετέρῳ παραβάλ79.1224 λουσι κόσμῳ, ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῖς αὐτῶν κόσμοις οὐ παραβάλλομεν· οὔτε γὰρ ἀγγέλους Θεῷ συνάπτειν πλέον δυνάμεθα, οὔτε δαίμονας ἀκαθάρτους μᾶλλον ποιεῖν προαιρούμεθα. Καὶ πῶς ὁ Ἑωσφόρος ὁ πρωῒ ἀνατέλλων εἰς τὴν γῆν κατεῤῥίφη, καὶ ἥγηται μὲν τὴν θάλασσαν ὡς ἐξάλειπτρον, τὸν δὲ Τάρταρον τῆς ἀβύσσου ὥσπερ αἰχμάλωτον, ἀναζεῖ δὲ τὴν ἄβυσσον ὥσπερ χαλκίον, πάντας ἐκταράσσων διὰ τῆς κακίας αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντων ἄρχειν βουλόμενος; Τούτων γὰρ τῶν πραγμάτων ἡ θεωρία πάνυ τιτρώσκει τὸν δαίμονα, καὶ πᾶσαν αὐτοῦ τὴν παρεμβολὴν φυγαδεύει. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν τῶν ἠρέμα κεκαθαρμένων μόνων συμβαίνει, καὶ βλεπόντων ποσῶς τοὺς λόγους τῶν γεγονότων. Οἱ δὲ ἀκάθαρτοι τὴν θεωρίαν τούτων οὐκ ἴσασιν, οὐδὲ εἰ μαθόντες παρ' ἑτέρων κατεπᾴδοιεν ἀκουσθήσονται, πολλοῦ κονιορτοῦ, καὶ θορύβου διὰ τὰ πάθη συνισταμένου κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον. ∆εῖ γὰρ πάντως τὴν παρεμβολὴν τῶν ἀλλοφύλων μικρὸν ἠρεμῆσαι, ἵνα μόνον ὁ Γολιὰθ ἀπαντήσῃ τῷ ἡμετέρῳ ∆αβίδ. Ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τῇ διαιρέσει, καὶ τῷ εἴδει τούτῳ τοῦ πολέμου χρησώμεθα καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΚΑʹ. Τῶν ἀκαθάρτων δαιμόνων, οἱ μὲν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὡς ἄνθρωπον ἐκπειράζουσιν, οἱ δὲ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὡς ζῶον ἄλογον ἐκταράσσουσι, καὶ οἱ μὲν πρῶτοι παραβάλλοντες, κενοδοξίας, ἢ ὑπερηφανίας ἢ φθόνου, ἢ κατηγορίας ἡμῖν ἐμβάλλουσι νοήματα, ἅπερ οὐδενὸς ἅπτεται τῶν ἀλόγων· οἱ δὲ δεύτεροι, προσεγγίζοντες, θυμὸν, ἢ ἐπιθυμίαν παρὰ φύσιν κινοῦσι. Ταῦτα γὰρ τὰ πάθη κοινὰ ἡμῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀλόγων ζώων τυγχάνουσιν, ὑπὸ τῆς λογικῆς καλυπτόμενα φύσεως. ∆ιὸ λέγει καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, πρὸς μὲν τοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις περιπίπτοντας λογισμοῖς, «Ἐγὼ εἶπα· Θεοί ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου πάντες· ὑμεῖς δὲ ὡς ἄνθρωποι ἀποθνήσκετε, καὶ ὡς εἷς τῶν ἀρχόντων πίπτετε.» Πρὸς δὲ τοὺς κινουμένους ἀλόγως, τί φησι; «Μὴ γίνεσθε ὡς ἵππος, καὶ ἡμίονος, οἷς οὐκ ἔστι σύνεσις, ἐν κημῷ καὶ χαλινῷ τὰς σιαγόνας αὐτῶν ἄγξαι, τῶν μὴ ἐγγιζόντων πρὸς σέ.» Ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἡ ἁμαρτάνουσα, αὕτη ἀποθανεῖται. Πρόδηλον, ὅτι οἱ μὲν ἄνθρωποι ὡς ἄνθρωποι ἀποθνήσκοντες, ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων ταφήσονται, οἱ δὲ ὡς ἄλογοι θανατούμενοι, ἤτοι πίπτοντες, ὑπὸ γυπῶν, ἢ κοράκων βρωθήσονται, ὧν οἱ νεοσσοὶ, οἱ μὲν ἐπικαλοῦνται τὸν Κύριον, οἱ δὲ φύρονται ἐν αἵμασιν. Ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΚΒʹ. Ὅταν τινὲς τῶν ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν ταχέως φυγαδευθῶσιν, ζητήσωμεν τὴν αἰτίαν πόθεν τοῦτο συμβέβηκε· πότερον διὰ τὴν σπάνιν τοῦ 9 πράγματος, τοῦ δυσπόριστον εἶναι τὴν ὕλην, ἢ διὰ τὴν προσοῦσαν ἡμῖν ἀπάθειαν οὐκ ἴσχυσαν καθ' ἡμῶν οἱ ἐχθροί; Οἷον, εἴ τις τῶν ἀναχωρούντων ἐνθυμηθείη ὑπὸ δαίμονος, τῆς πρώτης πόλεως πνευματικὴν κυβέρνησιν 79.1225 πιστευθῆναι, οὗτος δῆλον, ὅτι οὐ χρονίσει τὸν λογισμὸν τοῦτον φανταζόμενος, καὶ ἡ αἰτία ἐκ τῶν λεγομένων γίνεται γνώριμος· εἰ δέ τις πόλεως, καὶ τῆς τυχούσης γίνεται, καὶ ὁμοίως λογίζεται, οὗτος μακάριος τῆς ἀπαθείας ἐστίν. Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων λογισμῶν εὑρεθήσεται ὁ τοιοῦτος τρόπος ἐξεταζόμενος. Ταῦτα δὲ ἀναγκαῖον εἰδέναι πρὸς τὴν ἡμετέραν προθυμίαν, καὶ δύναμιν, ἵνα εἴδωμεν, πότερον ἢ τὸν Ἰορδάνην παρήλθομεν, καὶ ἐγγύς ἐσμεν τῆς πόλεως τῶν Φοινίκων, ἢ ἔτι ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ διάγομεν, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων τυπτόμεθα. Πάνυ γὰρ ποικίλος μοι φαίνεται τῆς φιλαργυρίας ὁ δαίμων, καὶ πρὸς ἀπάτην εὐμήχανος, ὃς πολλάκις στενωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῆς ἄκρας ἀποταγῆς, τὸν οἰκονόμον εὐθὺς, καὶ φιλόπτωχον ὑποκρίνεται, καὶ τοὺς μηδέπω παρόντας ὑποδέχεται ξένους γνησιώτερον, καὶ ἄλλοις λειπομένοις ἀποστέλλει διακονίαν, καὶ δεσμωτήρια πόλεως ἐπισκέπτεται, καὶ τοὺς πιπρασκομένους δῆθεν ἐξαγοράζει, γυναιξί τε κολλᾶται πλουσίαις, καὶ τοὺς εὖ παθεῖν ὀφείλοντας ὑποδείκνυσι, καὶ ἄλλους πάλιν ἀποτάξασθαι νουθετεῖ βαλάντιον ἀδρὸν κεκτημένους, καὶ οὕτως ἐξαπατήσας κατὰ μικρὸν τὴν ψυχὴν, τῆς φιλαργυρίας αὐτὴν λογισμοῖς ὑποβάλλει, καὶ τῷ τῆς κενοδοξίας παραδίδωσι δαίμονι ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΚΓʹ. Ὡς πλῆθος εἰσάγει τῶν δοξαζόντων ἐπὶ ταῖς οἰκονομίαις ταύταις τὸν Κύριον, καί τινας κατ' ὀλίγον περὶ ἱερωσύνης συλλαλοῦντας προβάλλων λοιπὸν προμαντεύεται ταχὺν θάνατον τοῦ ὄντος ἱερέως, καὶ ὡς οὐκ ἂν ἐκφύγῃ μυρία ποιήσας προστίθησι, καὶ οὕτως ὁ ταλαίπωρος νοῦς ἐνδεθεὶς τούτοις τοῖς λογισμοῖς, τοῖς μὲν μὴ καταδεξαμένοις τῶν ἀνθρώπων διαμάχεται, τοῖς δὲ τοῦτο
The Malignant Thoughts and their Consequences§9
9To those who have received well, he freely grants gifts and accepts their gratitude; but to those hesitating, he hands them over to judges and commands them to be exiled from the city. Since these thoughts remain within, and the thoughts turn, immediately the demon of pride stands over, striking continuous lightning through the air of the cell, and sending winged dragons, and, the final evil, working a deprivation of wits. But we, having invited destruction through these thoughts, let us live with poverty with thanksgiving, saying, 'For we brought nothing into the world, nor can we bring anything out manifest that we are able: having food and clothing, let us be content with these' (1 Tim 6:7). Remembering also Paul, saying that the love of money is the root of all evils (1 Tim 6:10).
All the impure thoughts, lingering in us because of the passions, bring the mind down to destruction and perdition; for just as the thought of bread lingers in the one starving because of hunger, and the thought of water in the one thirsting because of thirst, so also the thoughts of possessions and of wealth linger because of greed, and the thoughts of filth, and the shameful thoughts born from filth, linger because of the passions. But even upon the thoughts of vainglory, and upon the other thoughts, it will similarly be revealed. And there is no mind being choked by such things that can stand before God and put on the crown of righteousness.
For he, the thrice-afflicted mind in the Gospels (Matt 22), being struck down by these thoughts, renounced the best of the knowledge of Christ; and again, he who is bound hands and feet, and being cast into the outer darkness, was looking down because of these thoughts at the garment, which the one who invited him had decreed was not worthy of such a wedding. Therefore, it is a wedding garment, the apathy of a rational soul having denied cosmic desires. And what is the cause of the thoughts of...
opposing demons
Greek · §9
καταδεξαμένοις, ἑτοίμως δῶρα χαρίζεται, καὶ τῆς εὐγνωμοσύνης αὐτοὺς ἀποδέχεται· τινὰς δὲ διστασιάζοντας, τοῖς δικασταῖς παραδίδωσι, καὶ τῆς πόλεως ἐξορίζεσθαι παραγγέλλει· τούτων δὲ λοιπὸν ἔνδον ὄντων, καὶ στρεφομένων τῶν λογισμῶν, εὐθὺς καὶ ὁ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας ἐφίσταται δαίμων, ἀστραπὰς συνεχεῖς κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα τῆς κέλλης τυπῶν, καὶ δράκοντας πτερωτοὺς ἐπιπέμπων, καὶ, τὸ τελευταῖον κακὸν, στέρησιν φρενῶν ἐργαζόμενον, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς τούτοις τοῖς λογισμοῖς ἀπώλειαν ἐπευξάμενοι, μετ' εὐχαριστίας τῇ πενίᾳ συζήσωμεν, «Οὐδὲν γὰρ εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δῆλον ὅτι δυνάμεθα· ἔχοντες δὲ τροφὰς, καὶ σκεπάσματα, τούτοις ἀρκεσθησόμεθα.» μεμνημένοι καὶ Παύλου, ῥίζαν πάντων τῶν κακῶν τὴν φιλαργυρίαν εἰπόντος. Πάντες οἱ ἀκάθαρτοι λογισμοὶ διὰ τὰ πάθη χρονίζοντες ἐν ἡμῖν, κατάγουσι τὸν νοῦν εἰς ὄλεθρον, καὶ ἀπώλειαν· ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ νόημα τοῦ ἄρτου χρονίζει ἐν τῷ πεινῶντι διὰ τὴν πεῖναν, καὶ τὸ νόημα τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν τῷ διψῶντι διὰ τὴν δίψαν, οὕτω καὶ τὰ νοήματα τῶν κτημάτων, καὶ τῶν χρημάτων, χρονίζει διὰ τὴν πλεονεξίαν, καὶ τὰ νοήματα τῶν βρωμάτων, καὶ τῶν 79.1228 τικτομένων αἰσχρῶν λογισμῶν ἐκ τῶν βρωμάτων, χρονίζει διὰ τὰ πάθη. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τῆς κενοδοξίας λογισμῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων λογισμῶν ὁμοίως φανερωθήσεται. Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ νοῦν πνιγόμενον ὑπὸ τοιούτων παραστῆναι Θεῷ, καὶ τὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἀναδήσασθαι στέφανον. Ἐκ τούτων γὰρ τῶν λογισμῶν κατασπώμενος καὶ ἐκεῖνος ὁ ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις τρισάθλιος νοῦς, τὸ τῆς Χριστοῦ γνώσεως ἄριστον παρῃτήσατο· καὶ πάλιν ὁ δεσμούμενος χεῖρας, καὶ πόδας, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἐξώτερον σκότος βαλλόμενος ἐκ τούτων τῶν λογισμῶν καθυφασμένον εἶχε τὸ ἔνδυμα, ὅνπερ οὐκ ἄξιον τῶν τοιούτων γάμων ὁ καλέσας ἀπεφήνατο εἶναι· διὸ ἔνδυμά ἐστι γαμικὸν, ἀπάθεια ψυχῆς λογικῆς κοσμικὰς ἀρνησαμένης ἐπιθυμίας. Τίς 10 δὲ ἡ αἰτία τοῦ τὰ νοήματα τῶν αἰσθητῶν πραγμάτων, χρονίζοντα διαφθείρειν τὴν γνῶσιν εἴρηται ἐν τοῖς περὶ προσευχῆς κεφαλαίοις. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Κ∆ʹ. Τῶν ἀντικειμένων δαιμόνων τῇ πρακτικῇ, τρεῖς εἰσιν ἄρχοντες πρωτοστάται, οἷς ἕπεται πᾶσα ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων, οἵτινες πρῶτοι κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἵστανται, καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς διὰ τῶν ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν ἐκκαλοῦνται πρὸς τὴν κακίαν· οἱ τὰς τῆς γαστριμαργίας ὀρέξεις πεπιστευμένοι, οἱ τὴν φιλαργυρίαν ἡμῖν ὑποβάλλοντες, καὶ οἱ πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων δόξαν ἡμᾶς ἐκκαλούμενοι. Ἐπιθυμῶν οὖν καθαρᾶς προσευχῆς, διατήρησον θυμὸν, καὶ ἀγαπῶν σωφροσύνην, κράτει γαστρὸς, μὴ δῷς ἄρτον σῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἐν ὕδατι ἔκθλιβε αὐτὴν, ἀγρύπνει ἐν προσευχῇ, καὶ μνησικακίαν μακρὰν ποίησον ἀπὸ σοῦ, λόγοι Πνεύματος ἁγίου μὴ ἐκλειπέτωσάν σε, καὶ θύρας κροῦε χερσὶν ἀρετῶν. Τότε ἀνατελεῖ σοι καρδίας ἀπάθεια, καὶ νοῦν ἀστεροειδῆ ὅψει ἐν προσευχῇ. Τῶν νοημάτων, τὰ μὲν τυποῖ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ σχηματίζει, τὰ δὲ γνῶσιν μόνον παρέχει μὴ τυποῦντα τὸν νοῦν, μηδὲ σχηματίζοντα. Τὸ γὰρ, «Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος, καὶ ὁ Λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν,» ἐναποτίθεται μέν τι νόημα τῇ καρδίᾳ, οὐ μὴν σχηματίζει αὐτὴν, οὐδὲ τυποῖ. Τὸ μὲν, «Λαβὼν ἄρτον,» σχηματίζει τὸν νοῦν, τὸ δὲ, «κλάσαι,» πάλιν τυποῖ τὸν νοῦν. Τὸ δὲ, «Εἶδον τὸν Κύριον καθήμενον ἐπὶ θρόνου ὑψηλοῦ, καὶ ἐπηρμένου,» τυποῖ τὸν νοῦν χωρὶς τοῦ, «Εἶδον τὸν Κύριον,» καὶ τὸ μὲν ῥητὸν δοκεῖ τυποῦν τὸν νοῦν, τὸ δὲ σημαῖνον, οὐ τυποῖ. Ἑώρακε γὰρ προφητικῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τὴν φύσιν τὴν λογικὴν ὑψωθεῖσαν διὰ πρακτικῆς δεξαμένην ἐν ἑαυτῇ τὴν γνῶσιν τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἐκεῖ γὰρ λέγεται καθέζεσθαι Θεὸς, ἔνθα γινώσκεται, διότι καὶ θρόνος λέγεται Θεοῦ νοῦς καθαρός. Λέγεται δὲ καὶ θρόνος ἀτιμίας γυνὴ, ἀντὶ τοῦ, ψυχὴ μισοῦσα δίκαια, ἀτιμία δὲ ψυχῆς κακία, καὶ ἀγνωσία. Τὸ τοίνυν νόημα τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς τυποῦσι τὸν νοῦν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς νοήμασι τοῖς μὴ τυποῦσι τὸν νοῦν. ∆ιότι τὸν
The Deception of Demons and the Vulnerability of the Soul§10
10While praying, one must separate oneself from all things that affect the mind. And just as desires, if they are directed toward bodies and their thoughts, act in such a way, so too they act toward the incorporeal and their logoi; for will the mind be impressed differently when seeing a mind, and differently when seeing its logos? From this we know how spiritual knowledge separates the mind from the noetic things that impress it, and presents it to God as unimpressionable, because the thought of God is not in those things that impress; for God is not a body, but rather is in those who do not impress.
Again, regarding the contemplations of those who do not impress the mind, the former signify the essence of the incorporeal, and the latter their logoi; And just as it does not happen regarding bodies, so it does not happen regarding the incorporeal; for among bodies, some affect the mind and some do not; but here, neither kind of thought affects the mind.
Chapter 44. When the demon of gluttony, having struggled much and often, is unable to corrupt the established self-control, he then plunges the mind into a superficial desire for asceticism, from which he also brings into the middle the things concerning Daniel (Dan 1:12), that meager life, and the seeds, and remembers of others who withdrew and lived thus always, or began and were compelled to become imitators of these; in order that, pursuing an immeasurable self-control, he might fail even in the proportion of the body, because of its own weakness, truly blessing the body and cursing the heart; which I believe is not proper for them to follow, nor to abstain from bread, and oil, and water. For the brothers have tested this most excellent way, and not for pleasure, and not just for a single day. For I wonder if anyone, being satisfied by bread and water, will be able to receive the crown of apatheia. But I say apatheia, not the destruction of sin in its activity—for this is called self-control—but the destruction of sin according to the intellect, those...
It is cutting off the passionate thoughts, which the holy Paul named the spiritual circumcision of the hidden Jew (Rom 2:29). If anyone is discouraged by these things, let him remember the vessel of election, the Apostle, having completed his course in hunger and thirst (2 Tim 4:7). The opponent of truth, the demon of acedia, imitates this demon, suggesting an extreme retreat to the patient one, calling him to the zeal of John the Baptist, and to the first of the recluses, Anthony, so that, not being able to bear the time and an unsocial retreat, he might flee in shame, leaving the place, and himself remaining boasting, saying, 'I was strong toward him.'
The impure thoughts enter for the increase of matter, and are assisted in many things; for they traverse great distances according to the mind, and do not decline from traveling long roads because of the great heat of passion; but those who are purified in sight are rather narrower than these, being unable to be assisted in things because of the weakness of passion, whence also they move more contrary to nature, and, according to the wise Solomon, wandering for a time outside, they gather reeds into an unlawful brick-making (Eccl 10:18), so that they might be saved like doves from the thickets, and like an eagle from the snare (Ps 124:7). For it is easy to call back an impure soul, or a purified soul that has been wounded again, to health once more, if the demon of sorrow does not forgive, but always presents to the maidens at the time of prayer the idol of sin.
The demons do not know our hearts, as some men think; for alone is the Knower of Hearts, who knows the mind of men, and having formed their hearts alone; but from the spoken word, and such movements of the body, they know many of those things moving in the heart. Which I now wished to declare clearly, but I am held back by...
Greek · §10
προσευχόμενον δεῖ παντά79.1229 πασι χωρίζεσθαι τῶν τυπούντων τὸν νοῦν. Καὶ ζητήσεις, εἴπερ, ὡς ἔχει ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων, καὶ τῶν λογισμῶν αὐτῶν, οὕτως ἔχει, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσωμάτων, καὶ τῶν λόγων αὐτῶν, καὶ ἄλλως μὲν ὁ νοῦς τυπωθήσεται ὁρῶν νοῦν, καὶ ἄλλως διατεθήσεται ὁρῶν τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ; Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ γινώσκομεν, πῶς ἡ γνῶσις ἡ πνευματικὴ ἀφίστησι τὸν νοῦν τῶν νοημάτων τῶν τυπούντων αὐτὸν, ἀτύπωτον δὲ αὐτὸν παρίστησι τῷ Θεῷ, διότι τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ νόημα οὐκ ἐν τοῖς τυποῦσίν ἐστιν· οὐ γάρ ἐστι σῶμα ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς μὴ τυποῦσι μᾶλλον. Πάλιν τῶν θεωρημάτων τῶν μὴ τυπούντων τὸν νοῦν, τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνει ἀσωμάτων, τὰ δὲ τοὺς λόγους αὐτῶν· καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων συμβαίνει, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσωμάτων· ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν σωμάτων τὰ μὲν ἐτύπου τὸν νοῦν, τὰ δὲ οὐκ ἐτύπου· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδέτερον νόημα τὸν νοῦν τυποῖ. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΚΕʹ. Ὅταν ὁ τῆς γαστριμαργίας πολλὰ καὶ πολλάκις ἀγωνισάμενος δαίμων μὴ ἰσχύσῃ διαφθεῖραι τὴν τετυπωμένην ἐγκράτειαν, τότε εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἀσκήσεως ἀκροτάτης ἐμβάλλει τὸν νοῦν, ἐξ ὧν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν ∆ανιὴλ εἰς μέσον φέρει, τὴν πενιχρὰν ἐκείνην ζωὴν, καὶ τὰ σπέρματα, καί τινων ἄλλων ἀναχωρητῶν μνημονεύει βεβιωκότων διὰ παντὸς οὕτως, ἢ ἀρξαμένων, καὶ τούτων μιμητὴν γενέσθαι καταναγκάζει· ἵνα τὴν ἄμετρον διώκων ἐγκράτειαν, ἀποτύχῃ καὶ τῆς συμμετρίας τοῦ σώματος μὴ ἐπαρκέσαντος διὰ τὴν οἰκείαν ἀσθένειαν, ὄντως εὐλογῶν τῷ σώματι, καὶ καταρώμενος τῇ καρδίᾳ· ᾧ μὴ πείθεσθαι δίκαιον τούτους νομίζω, μηδὲ ἀπέχεσθαι ἄρτου, καὶ ἐλαίου, καὶ ὕδατος. Ταύτην γὰρ τὴν δίαιταν πάνυ καλλίστην οἱ ἀδελφοὶ πεπειράκασι, καὶ τοῦτο οὐ πρὸς κόρον, καὶ ἅπαξ εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν. Θαυμάζω γὰρ εἴ τις, ἄρτου καὶ ὕδατος κορεννύμενος, δυνήσεται τὸν τῆς 11 ἀπαθείας ὑποδέξασθαι στέφανον. Ἀπάθειαν δὲ λέγω, οὐ τὴν κατάλυσιν τῆς κατ' ἐνέργειαν ἁμαρτίας, αὕτη γὰρ ἐγκράτεια λέγεται, ἀλλὰ τὴν κατὰ διάνοιαν τοὺς ἐμπαθεῖς λογισμοὺς περικόπτουσαν, ἥντινα καὶ πνευματικὴν περιτομὴν τοῦ κρυπτοῦ Ἰουδαίου ὁ ἅγιος Παῦλος ὠνόμασεν. Εἰ δὲ ἀθυμεῖ τις ἐπὶ τοῖς λεχθεῖσι, μνημονευσάτω τοῦ σκεύους τῆς ἐκλογῆς, Ἀποστόλου, ἐν λιμῷ καὶ δίψει τὸν δρόμον τελέσαντος. Μιμεῖται δὲ καὶ ὁ τῆς ἀληθείας ἀντίπαλος ὁ τῆς ἀκηδίας δαίμων τοῦτον τὸν δαίμονα, ἀκροτάτην ἀναχώρησιν τῷ καρτερικῷ ὑποβάλλων, εἰς ζῆλον προσκαλούμενος Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἀπαρχῆς τῶν ἀναχωρητῶν Ἀντωνίου, ἵνα, μὴ βαστάσας τὴν χρονίαν, καὶ ἀπάνθρωπον ἀναχώρησιν, φύγῃ μετ' αἰσχύνης, τὸν τόπον καταλιπὼν, καὶ αὐτὸς λοιπὸν καυχώμενος εἴπῃ, «Ἴσχυσα πρὸς αὐτόν.» 79.1232 ΚΕΦΑΛ. Κϛʹ. Οἱ μὲν ἀκάθαρτοι λογισμοὶ εἰς αὔξησιν ὕλας εἰσδέχονται, καὶ πολλοῖς συμπαρεκτείνονται πράγμασι· καὶ γὰρ πελάγη κατὰ διάνοιαν περῶσι μεγάλα, καὶ μακρὰς ὁδοὺς ὁδεύειν οὐ παραιτοῦνται διὰ πολλὴν τοῦ πάθους θερμότητα· οἱ δὲ ὁπωσοῦν κεκαθαρμένοι, στενώτεροι τούτων μᾶλλόν εἰσι, συμπαρεκτείνεσθαι πράγμασι μὴ δυνάμενοι διὰ τὴν τοῦ πάθους ἀσθένειαν, ὅθεν καὶ παρὰ φύσιν μᾶλλον κινοῦνται, καὶ, κατὰ τὸν σοφὸν Σολομῶντα, χρόνον τινὰ ἔξω ῥέμβοντες, καὶ καλάμην συνάγουσιν εἰς τὴν παράνομον πλινθουργίαν, ἵνα σώζωνται ὥσπερ δορκὰς ἐκ βρόχων, καὶ ὥσπερ ὄρνεον ἐκ παγίδος. Ῥᾷον γὰρ ἀκάθαρτον καθάραι ψυχὴν, ἢ καθαρθεῖσαν, καὶ πάλιν τραυματισθεῖσαν εἰς ὑγείαν αὖθις ἀνακαλέσασθαι, τοῦ δαίμονος τῆς λύπης μὴ συγχωροῦντος, ἀλλ' ἀεὶ ταῖς κόραις κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς τὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας προσφέροντος εἴδωλον. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΚΖʹ. Οὐκ ἐπίστανται τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν οἱ δαίμονες, ὥς τινες τῶν ἀνθρώπων νομίζουσι· καὶ γὰρ μόνος ἐστὶ καρδιογνώστης, ὁ ἐπιστάμενος τὸν νοῦν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ πλάσας κατὰ μόνας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ προφορικοῦ λόγου, καὶ τῶν τοιῶνδε κινημάτων τοῦ σώματος, τὰ πολλὰ τῶν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ κινημάτων γινώσκουσιν. Ἅπερ ἐγὼ νῦν ἐβουλόμην δηλῶσαι σαφῶς, ἐπέσχε δέ με ὁ
Demonic interference during reading§11
11A holy priest, saying such things are worthy of being made public and to be cast into the ears of the unholy; if, he says, even one who sympathizes with the adulterer becomes responsible according to the law. But besides this, from such signs they recognize what is hidden in the heart, and they take occasions from these against us; for many times indeed we have rebuked certain ones having unloving feelings toward them, because of which we also fell into the demon of malice, and we immediately seized evil thoughts against them, which we previously knew had happened to us.
Therefore the Holy Spirit rightly accuses us: 'Sitting against your brother, you have spoken against, and against the son of your mother you have set a stumbling block' (Matt 18:7), and you opened a door to the thoughts of malice, and you disturbed the mind at the time of prayer, always fantasizing the face of your enemy and making this one a god; for whatever the mind praying sees, this also it confesses as worthy of God. But let us flee, beloved, from the sickness of slander, let us never remember anyone badly, nor let us turn our faces away because of the memory of a neighbor.
For all forms the evil demons work out, and they leave nothing against us unexamined: no turning away, no sitting, no standing, no word, no passing by, no glance; they work out all things, they move all things, they study against us all day long with guile, so that they might slander the humble mind at the time of prayer, and extinguish its blessed light. Do you see what the holy Paul says to Titus? 'In teaching, a word without fault, healthy, unperceivable, so that the one against us may be confounded, having nothing bad to say about us' (Titus 2:8); and the blessed David also prays saying: 'Save me from the slander of men' (Ps 124:7), naming men and the demons because of the rational nature of the thing; but also the Savior in the Gospels, speaking of an enemy, a man...
He sowed the seeds of evil for us. May we be uprooted from them by the grace of Christ our God, to whom honor and glory belong unto the ages. Amen.
There are certain unclean demons who always seat themselves beside those who are reading, and attempt to snatch away their minds, often even taking starting points from the divine Scriptures and leading into evil thoughts; and there is also when, contrary to habit, they force one to yawn, and impose a most heavy sleep, much different from the usual; as some of the brothers appeared to be, according to natural opposition, unspeakable; but I, having observed much, have learned: touching the eyelids and the whole head, and chilling this with the proper body; for the bodies of the demons are very cold, and similar to crystal; whence also we feel the head being pulled as if under fig trees with a shudder. They do this in order that, having wrapped themselves in the heat stored up in the skull, the eyelids, having been weakened by the remaining moisture and coldness, might overflow with the juices of the eyes. Often indeed, having felt, I perceived the eyelids having become hard like crystal, and the vision entirely deadened and shivering. Even though natural sleep is disposed to warm the bodies, and for those who are healthy it works the eyes to be bright, as it is also possible to learn from the experience itself; but for those which are by nature and arrangement weak, they make a yawning, thinning themselves, and touching the inside of the mouth. But this I had not understood until now, even though I have suffered it much; but of the holy Macarius I heard this being spoken to me, and bringing it as proof, of sealing the mouths that yawn, according to an ancient unspeakable tradition. And all these things we suffer because we do not attend soberly to our reading, nor remember that we are reading the holy words of a living God.
Greek · §11
ἅγιος ἱερεὺς, ἀνάξιον φήσας τὰ τοιαῦτα δημοσιεύεσθαι, καὶ εἰς ἀκοὰς βεβήλων ἐμβάλλεσθαι· εἴπερ, φησὶ, καὶ ὁ τῷ ἐφέδρῳ συγγινόμενος, κατὰ τὸν νόμον, ὑπεύθυνος γίνεται. Πλὴν ὅτι ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων συμβόλων ἐπιγινώσκουσι τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ κρυπτόμενα, καὶ τὰς ἀφορμὰς ἐκ τούτων λαμβάνουσι καθ' ἡμῶν, πολλάκις γοῦν τινας κακολογήσαντας ἠλέγξαμεν, οὐκ ἀγαπητικῶς ἔχοντες πρὸς αὐτοὺς, διὸ καὶ τῷ τῆς μνησικακίας περιπεπτώκαμεν δαίμονι, καὶ λογισμοὺς πονηροὺς εὐθὺς εἰλήφαμεν κατ' αὐτῶν, οὕς τε πρότερον ἔγνωμεν ἡμῖν ἐπισυμβάντας. ∆ιόπερ καλῶς ἡμῖν ἐγκαλεῖ καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον· «Καθήμενος κατὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου κατελάλεις, καὶ κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς μητρός σου ἐτίθεις σκάνδαλον,» καὶ τῶν τῆς μνησικακίας λογισμῶν ἤνοιγες θύραν, καὶ τὸν νοῦν κατὰ καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς ἐξετάρασσες, τοῦ ἐχθροῦ σου τὸ πρόσωπον ἀεὶ φανταζόμενος, καὶ τοῦτον θεοποιῶν· ὃ γὰρ βλέπει πάντως ὁ νοῦς προσευχόμενος, τοῦτο καὶ Θεὸν ἄξιον ὁμολογεῖν. Ἀλλὰ φύγωμεν, ἀγαπητοὶ, τῆς κακηγορίας τὴν νόσον, μηδενός ποτε κακῶς μνημονεύσωμεν, μηδὲ τὰς ὄψεις διαστρέφωμεν ἐπὶ μνήμῃ τοῦ πλησίον. Πάντα γὰρ τὰ σχήματα οἱ πονηροὶ περιεργάζονται δαίμονες, καὶ οὐδὲν τῶν καθ' ἡμῶν καταλιμπάνουσιν ἀνεξέταστον, οὐκ ἀνάκλισιν, οὐ καθέδραν, οὐ στάσιν, οὐ λόγον, οὐ πάροδον, οὐ βλέμμα, πάντα περιεργάζονται, πάντα κινοῦσιν, ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν καθ' ἡμῶν δολιό79.1233 τητα μελετῶσιν, ἵνα τὸν ταπεινὸν κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς συκοφαντήσωσι νοῦν, καὶ τὸ μακάριον αὐτοῦ κατασβέσωσι φῶς. Ὁρᾷς 12 καὶ ὁ ἅγιος Παῦλος τί φησι τῷ Τίτῳ; «Ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, ἄφθορον λόγον, ὑγιῆ, ἀκατάγνωστον, ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ, μηδὲν ἔχων λέγειν περὶ ἡμῶν φαῦλον·» ὁ δὲ μακάριος ∆αβὶδ καὶ προσεύχεται λέγων· «Ῥῦσαί με ἀπὸ συκοφαντίας ἀνθρώπων,» ἀνθρώπους καὶ τοὺς δαίμονας ὀνομάζων διὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως λογικόν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ Σωτὴρ ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις, ἐχθρὸν ἄνθρωπον εἶπε τὸν σπείραντα ἡμῖν τὰ τῆς κακίας ζιζάνια. Οὗ καὶ ῥυσθείημεν χάριτι τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν, ᾧ πρέπει τιμὴ καὶ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν. 40.1240 Ξ†ʹ. Εἰσί τινες τῶν ἀκαθάρτων δαίμονες, οἵτινες ἀεὶ τοῖς ἀναγινώσκουσι προκαθέζονται, καὶ τὸν νοῦν αὐτῶν ἁρπάζειν ἐπιχειροῦσι, πολλάκις καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν θείων Γραφῶν λαμβάνοντες ἀφορμὰς, καὶ εἰς λογισμοὺς πονηροὺς καταλήγοντες· ἔστι δ' ὅτε καὶ παρὰ τὴν συνήθειαν χασμᾶσθαι καταναγκάζοντες, καὶ ὕπνον βαρύτατον ἐπιβάλλοντες, πολὺ τοῦ συνήθους ἀλλότριον· ὡς μέν τινες τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐφαντάσθησαν, κατὰ φυσικὴν ἀντίθεσιν ἄῤῥητον· οὕτω δὲ ἐγὼ παρατηρήσας πολλάκις, κατέμαθον· ἐφαπτόμενοι τῶν βλεφάρων καὶ ὅλης τῆς κεφαλῆς, καὶ ταύτην τῷ οἰκείῳ σώματι καταψύχοντες· ψυχρὰ γὰρ λίαν τὰ τῶν δαιμόνων σώματα, καὶ κρυστάλλῳ παρεμφερῆ· ὅθεν καὶ ὡς ὑπὸ σικύας αἰσθανόμεθα τῆς κεφαλῆς ἑλκομένης μετὰ τρισμοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ ποιοῦσιν, ἵνα τὴν ἐναποκειμένην τῷ κρανίῳ θερμότητα πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἐπισπώμενοι, ὑπὸ τῆς ὑγρότητος λοιπὸν καὶ ψυχρότητος χαλασθέντα τὰ βλέφαρα, περιῤῥυῇ ταῖς κόραις τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν. Πολλάκις γοῦν ψηλαφήσας, κατέλαβον δίκην κρυστάλλου πεπηγότα τὰ βλέφαρα, τὴν δὲ ὄψιν νενεκρωμένην ὅλην καὶ φρίσσουσαν. Καίτοι ὁ φυσικὸς ὕπνος θερμαίνειν μὲν τὰ σώματα πέφυκε. καὶ τῶν ὑγιαινόντων τὰς ὄψεις ἀνθηρὰς ἀπεργάζεται, ὡς ἔστι καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς πείρας μαθεῖν· τὰς δὲ παρὰ φύσιν καὶ διατεταμένας, χάσμα ποιοῦσι, λεπτύνοντες ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ τῶν ἔνδον τοῦ στόματος ἐφαπτόμενοι. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν ἐγὼ μέχρι τῆς σήμερον οὐκ ἐνόησα, καίτοι πολλάκις αὐτὸ πεπονθώς· τοῦ δὲ ἁγίου Μακαρίου ἤκουσα τοῦτό μοι λελαληκότος, καὶ εἰς ἀπόδειξιν φέροντος, τοῦ σφραγίζειν τοὺς χασμωμένους τὸ στόμα, κατὰ ἀρχαίαν παράδοσιν ἄῤῥητον. Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα πάσχομεν, διὰ τὸ μὴ προσέχειν νηφόντως ἡμᾶς τῇ ἀναγνώσει, μηδὲ μεμνῆσθαι, ὅτι λόγια ἅγια Θεοῦ ζῶντος ἀναγινώσκομεν. 40.1241
The Recovery of the Soul and the Vision of the Divine Place§12
1266. Since successions of demons also occur, when the first has grown weak in battle and is no longer able to stir the passion that is dear to it; observing these things, we find this: when the thoughts of a certain passion are rare for a long time, and a sudden heat and movement of it occurs, having given us no occasion through negligence, then we know that a demon has received us more harshly than the former, and, guarding the place of the one who fled, has replenished it with its own wickedness. But this one also is fully aware of our soul, fighting much more intensely than the usual habit, and having fallen continuously through the thoughts of yesterday and the third day, without any external pretext intervening.
Let the mind therefore, seeing these things, flee toward the Lord, receiving the headpiece of salvation, and putting on the breastplate of righteousness, and drawing the sword of the spirit, and having struck the shield of faith, let him say, looking up toward the inhabited heaven with tears: 'Lord Christ, power of my salvation, incline your ear toward me, hasten to deliver me. Become for me a protector toward God, and a place of refuge to save me.' And let him especially polish the sword with fasts and vigils. For in seven whole days he will be distressed, being fought and being struck by the burning arrows of the Evil One, and after the seventh he will know him to be somewhat similar to what was taught, and remaining for the rest of the year, being wounded much more than being wounded, until even the one succeeding this one is born; if indeed, like the things concerning Job, we fall under them, and our houses are corrupted by the lawless.
67. Unclean thoughts often accept an increase of matter, and are encouraged by many things. For they traverse great expanses according to the intellect, and lead one to walk long roads, not...
They are stirred up, because of the great heat of passion. But those who have been purified are rather more narrow than these, being unable to participate in many things because of the weakness of passion; therefore they are moved more according to nature, and according to the wise Solomon, they wander for a time, and they gather reeds for an unlawful brick-making, no longer taking straw.
It is necessary, therefore, for every guard to keep the heart, so that it may be saved like birds from thickets, and like a bird from a snare. For it is not easy to make a pure soul clean again, having been purified and then wounded again, to call it back to health, while the demon of sadness does not forgive, but always leaps upon the maidens of the eyes, and at the time of prayer, brings forward the idol of sin.
94. Christ raises the rational nature, having been killed by evil, through the contemplation of all the ages; and the Father of Him raises the dying soul through the knowledge of Himself. And this is what is said by the Apostle, 'If we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with Him' (Rom 6:8).
98. When the mind, having stripped off the old man, has clothed itself in grace, then it will see its own state at the time of prayer, resembling a sapphire or heavenly color, which the Scripture names the place of God, seen by the elders upon Mount Sinai (Exod 24:10).
99. The mind would not see the place of God within itself, unless it had become higher than all things in material things; nor will it become higher, unless it has stripped off the passions that bind it through thoughts to the sensible things; and it will lay aside the passions through virtues, and the thin thoughts through spiritual contemplation; and this again, when that light appears to it, impressing the place of God at the time of prayer.
Greek · §12
ΣΖʹ. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ γίνονται καὶ διαδοχαὶ τῶν δαιμόνων, τοῦ πρώτου κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἀσθενήσαντος, καὶ τὸ προσφιλὲς αὐτῷ πάθος κινῆσαι μὴ δυναμένου, ταύτας παρατηρήσαντες, εὑρίσκομεν οὕτως· Ὅταν πάθους τινὸς ἐν χρόνῳ πολλῷ σπανίσωσι λογισμοὶ, καὶ γένηται αἰφνίδιος τούτου ζέσις καὶ κίνησις, ἡμῶν μηδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν δεδωκότων ἐξ ἀμελείας, τότε γινώσκομεν, ὅτι χαλεπώτερος ἡμᾶς τοῦ προτέρου διεδέξατο δαίμων, καὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦ πεφευγότος οὗτος τηρῶν, οἰκείᾳ πονηρίᾳ προσανεπλήρωσεν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ οὗτος τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν πάνυ συνίησι, πολλῷ σφοδρότερον παρὰ τὴν συνήθειαν πολεμούμενος, καὶ τῶν χθὲς καὶ τρίτην ἡμέραν λογισμῶν ἀθρόως ἐκπεπτωκὼς, μηδεμιᾶς ἔξωθεν παρεμπεσούσης προφάσεως. Φευγέτω τοίνυν ὁ νοῦς ταῦτα θεώμενος πρὸς τὸν Κύριον, τὴν περικεφαλαίαν τὴν σωτηρίου δεξάμενος, καὶ τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἐνδυσάμενος, καὶ τὴν μάχαιραν σπασάμενος τοῦ πνεύματος, καὶ τὸν θυρεὸν κουφίσας τῆς πίστεως, λεγέτω εἰς τὸ οἰκεῖον μετὰ δακρύων ἀναβλέψας οὐρανόν· «Κύριε» Χριστὲ, «δύναμις τῆς σωτηρίας μου, κλῖνον πρός με τὸ οὖς σου, τάχυνον τοῦ ἐξελέσθαι με. Γενοῦ μοι εἰς Θεὸν ὑπερασπιστὴν, καὶ εἰς τόπον καταφυγῆς τοῦ σῶσαί με.» Μάλιστα δὲ νηστείαις καὶ ἀγρυπνίαις στιλβωσάτω τὴν μάχαιραν. Ἐν ἑπτὰ γὰρ ὅλαις ἡμέραις θλιβήσεται πολεμούμενος, καὶ βαλλόμενος τοῖς πεπυρωμένοις βέλεσι τοῦ Πονηροῦ, καὶ μετὰ 13 τὴν ἑβδόμην γνώσεται αὐτὸν ὅμοιον κατ' ὀλίγον τῷ διδαχθέντι γενόμενον, καὶ παραμένοντα λοιπὸν ἐν ὅλῳ ἐνιαυτῷ, τὰ πολλὰ τιτρωσκόμενον μᾶλλον ἤπερ τιτρώσκοντα, μέχρις ἂν καὶ ὁ τοῦτον διαδεχόμενος παραγένηται· εἴγε χρόνον, τὰ κατὰ τὸν Ἰὼβ, πίπτομεν ὑπ' αὐτοὺς, καὶ οἱ οἶκοι ἡμῶν ἐκπορθοῦνται ὑπὸ ἀνόμων. ΞΗʹ. Ἀκάθαρτοι λογισμοὶ, πολλάκις εἰς αὔξησιν ὕλας προσδέχονται, καὶ πολλοῖς συμπαρεκτείνονται πράγμασι. Καὶ γὰρ πελάγη κατὰ διάνοιαν περῶσι μεγάλα, καὶ μακρὰς ὁδοὺς ὁδεύειν οὐ παραιτοῦνται, διὰ πολλὴν τοῦ πάθους θερμότητα. Οἱ δὲ ὁπωσοῦν κεκαθαρμένοι, στενώτεροι τούτων μᾶλλόν εἰσι, πολλοῖς συμπαρεκτείνεσθαι πράγμασι μὴ δυνάμενοι, διὰ τὴν τοῦ πάθους ἀσθένειαν· ὅθεν καὶ παρὰ φύσιν μᾶλλον κινοῦνται, καὶ κατὰ τὸν σοφὸν Σολομῶντα, χρόνον τινὰ ἔξω ῥέμβονται, καὶ καλάμην συνάγουσιν εἰς τὴν παράνομον πλινθουργίαν, μηκέτι λαμβάνοντες ἄχυρα. ∆εῖ οὖν πάσῃ φυλακῇ τηρεῖν τὴν καρδίαν, ἵνα σώζηται ὥσπερ δορκὰς ἐκ βρόχων, καὶ ὥσπερ ὄρνεον ἐκ παγίδος. Ῥᾷον γὰρ ἀκάθαρτον καθᾶραι ψυχὴν, ἢ καθαρθεῖσαν καὶ πάλιν τραυματισθεῖσαν, εἰς ὑγίειαν αὖθις ἀνακαλέσασθαι, τοῦ δαίμονος τῆς λύπης μὴ συγχωροῦντος, ἀλλ' ἀεὶ ταῖς κόραις τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἐμπηδῶντος, καὶ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς, τὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας προφέροντος εἴδωλον. ΞΘʹ. Φύσιν μὲν λογικὴν ὑπὸ κακίας θανατωθεῖσαν ἐγείρει Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς θεωρίας πάντων τῶν αἰώνων· 40.1244 ὁ δὲ τούτου Πατὴρ τὴν ἀποθανοῦσαν ψυχὴν τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐγείρει διὰ τῆς γνώσεως τῆς ἑαυτοῦ. Καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου λεγόμενον, τὸ, «Εἰ συναπεθάνομεν τῷ Χριστῷ, πιστεύομεν, ὅτι καὶ συζήσομεν αὐτῷ.» Οʹ. Ὅταν ὁ νοῦς τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀποδυσάμενος, τὸν ἐκ χάριτος ἐπενδύσηται, τότε καὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ κατάστασιν ὄψεται κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς, σαπφείρῳ ἢ οὐρανίῳ χρώματι παρεμφερῆ, ἥντινα καὶ τόπον Θεοῦ ἡ Γραφὴ ὀνομάζει ὑπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ὀφθέντα ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους Σινᾶ. ΟΑʹ. Οὐκ ἂν ἴδῃ ὁ νοῦς τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ τόπον ἐν ἑαυτῷ, μὴ πάντων τῶν ἐν τοῖς πράγμασιν ὑψηλότερος γεγονώς· οὐ γενήσεται δὲ ὑψηλότερος, μὴ τὰ πάθη ἀπεκδυσάμενος τὰ συνδεσμοῦντα αὐτὸν διὰ τῶν νοημάτων τοῖς πράγμασι τοῖς αἰσθητοῖς· καὶ τὰ μὲν πάθη ἀποθήσεται διὰ τῶν ἀρετῶν, τοὺς δὲ ψιλοὺς λογισμοὺς διὰ τῆς πνευματικῆς θεωρίας· καὶ ταύτην πάλιν, ἐπιφανέντος αὐτῷ τοῦ φωτὸς ἐκείνου τοῦ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς ἐκτυποῦντος τὸν τόπον τοῦ Θεοῦ. 14