The timing of the crucifixion
For the disciples entered to him secretly at the ninth hour, and he broke plain bread and ate with them in the prison. He remained there all night, and in the morning he was led away from the praetorium on the day called Friday, which is the Sabbath; and thus at the third hour he is crucified, according to the precise explanation of Mark and John, the inspired evangelists. Even if in certain copies of the written Gospel of John the letter Γ (gamma) is mistaken because of a slip—which signifies the number three—into the letter Σ (sigma), which stands for six, because both letters look to us with their serifs from the auspicious names toward the right; this was also examined before us by Clement, Origen, Pamphilus, and Eusebius.
It is not right for those learning listeners to divide the harmony of the divine gospels because of the correction or placement of a letter. For see how even Matthew the wisest precisely marks the time of the cross by saying, 'And coming to a place called Golgotha, which is a place of a skull,' and then he leads to the wine with the myrrh and the division of the garments; 'and from the sixth hour darkness came over all the earth until the ninth hour' and the following. But some think that the...
Greek
ὅτι τὴν ἐνάτην ὥραν εἰσῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ κρυφῇ πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ ἔκλασεν ἄρτον ψιλὸν καὶ συνεγεύσατο μετ' αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ. ἔμεινε δὲ ἐκεῖ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα καὶ πρωῒ λίαν προφέρει αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ πραιτωρίου ἡμέρᾳ προσαββάτου τῇ παρασκευῇ καλουμένῃ καὶ οὕτως ὥρᾳ γ σταυροῦται κατὰ τὴν ἀκριβῆ τοῦ Μάρκου εἰσήγησιν καὶ Ἰωάννου τῶν θεσπεσίων εὐαγγελιστῶν· εἰ καὶ ἔν τισιν ἀντιγράφοις τοῦ κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγελίου γραφικοῦ ἕνεκεν σφάλματος παραπεποίηται τὸ Γ στοιχεῖον, ὅπερ τὸν τρεῖς ψῆφον δηλοῖ, εἰς τὸ ἐπισήμου, ὅπερ τὸν ἓξ παρίστησι διὰ τὸ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν στοιχείων τὰς κεραίας ἐκ τῶν εὐωνύμων εἰς τὰ δεξιὰ ἐπιβλέπειν ἡμᾶς· ὃ καὶ πρὸ ἡμῶν ἠκρίβωσαν Κλήμης τε καὶ Ὠριγένης καὶ ὁ Πάμφιλος Εὐσέβιος. καὶ οὐ χρὴ τοὺς φιλομαθεῖς ἀκροατὰς διὰ τὴν τοῦ στοιχείου ἀναίρεσιν ἢ παράθεσιν διασπᾶν τὴν τῶν θείων εὐαγγελίων συμφωνίαν. ὅρα γὰρ πῶς καὶ Ματθαῖος ὁ σοφώτατος τὸν τοῦ σταυροῦ καιρὸν ἀκριβῶς ἐπισημαίνεται τῷ εἰπεῖν "καὶ ἐλθόντες εἰς τόπον λεγόμενον Γολγοθά, ὅ ἐστι κρανίου τόπος", ἔπειτα καὶ τὸν οἶνον μετὰ τῆς σμύρνης λοιπὸν 207 καὶ τὴν τῶν ἱματίων διαμέρισιν ** ἐπάγει· "ἀπὸ δὲ ἕκτης ὥρας σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας θ" καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. τινὲς δὲ οἴονται τὸν
About this text
A bishop explains why Christians fast and celebrate Passover, revealing ancient debates about Jesus' death and resurrection.
Original English Translation of Epiphanius of Salamis’s Epistula ad Eusebium — new OET from PG 41–43 Greek.
Catalogue & scope
Khazarzar scan
Witnesses
- Copy-text PG 41–43 (Khazarzar) (Greek)
This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.