Fragments on the Psalms · §177

The Tyranny of Lawlessness vs. Divine Commands

The God of avenges, being in his avenging, has spoken boldly (Ps 93:1). For because he accurately knows the things of those being judged and even the intention of those doing them, he brings the avenges with boldness; whereas other judges might err by not bringing the punishment in proportion to the quantity and quality of those sinning, wherefore it happens that the judge is shamed as not having rightly punished those caught in wickedness, while he alone is bold in avenging, he who says: 'Measure with a measure, it shall be measured to you' (Luke 6:38); for he gives to each according to his works.

All these things shall be raised up toward the appearance of Christ (Ps 93:2). For then a sinless man having become man spoke boldly, although he is Lord of avenges, but also he judged the earth, proving it full of sin, himself having not done sin nor known sin; therefore also he repaid the Pharisees who had been prominent above him and the invisible enemies who were puffed up in crucifying him.

Often the pit is used to mean punishment, as it has been said: 'And he shall fall into the pit which he himself worked' (Ps 93:13b). And since it has been said unchangeably 'unto the abyss' (for it is not said by whom), it is shown from other writings that the pit which is being dug for the sinner is not dug by another, nor by the one falling into it; for 'they dug a pit before my face and I fell into it' (Ps 7:15); and 'he who digs a pit for his neighbor shall fall into it' (Prov 26:27); and since the fool digs evils for himself, saying evils, the punishments fall upon those sinning through foolishness.

You being our Creator are a care and you take care of us, O Lord (Ps 93:20); therefore if there is any good present to us, we are yours and are from you. But since we see certain wicked men killing the righteous and condemning the innocent, we cry out to you, [not another throne of kingship...].

What these things are accomplished against your servants will not happen to you, but a throne of lawlessness will not happen to you; for you have revealed the king of the law of all things, by whom the whole is governed. If, therefore, the devil, having become an apostate from your commands, attempts to rule lawlessly, he does not understand, nor will it happen to you; but having become a distant robber, he tyrannizes against those who happen to fall under his weakness. For a throne of lawlessness is a rule characterized by tyranny; for there is no other tyrant than a lawless rule. Therefore, he is most weak and contemptible, commanding heavy and burdensome things, weaving toil through his commands.

But your commandments, O God, are not heavy according to John, and they are also useful, lifting up and elevating the one being transformed (Ps 93:20-21). It is possible also to take the word thus: Lord, the throne of lawlessness weaves toil upon your commands, despite your light and easy commanding, casting cowardice and opposing things to the minds of those seated. For, while the right word exhorts to righteousness as beneficial, it sets against injustice gains and supplies, proposing those from this; again, while the word calls to temperance and freedom from care, he weaves toil upon such a command, entering into a thought of cowardice and fear of not being deprived of the necessities, overtaken by sickness and old age. Likewise, regarding the other commands of God, not being heavy, he weaves toil by casting a fantasy of weight.

And it should be read thus: O Lord, he who weaves toil upon your commands as if they were not esteemed because of their ease; for you want those coming to them to straighten them with sweat and toil. For it does not happen to acquire endurance and patience; therefore salvation will be saved. For he who endures to the end will be saved (Matt 24:13). A tyrannical throne will not happen to you; therefore...

Greek

190 917 Ps 93,1bc ̔Ο τῶν ἐκδικήσεων θεὸς ὑπάρχων ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ἐκδικεῖν ἐπαρρησιάσατο. τῷ γὰρ ἀκριβῶς ἐπίστασθαι τῶν κρινομένων τὰ πράγματα καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν πρόθεσιν τῶν ἐνεργούντων αὐτὰ μετὰ παρρησίας ἐπάγει τὰς ἐκδικήσεις, τῶν α λλων κριτῶν ε σθ' ο τε σφαλλομένων ὡς μὴ κατ' ἀναλογίαν τῆς ποσότητος καὶ ποιότητος τῶν ἁμαρτανομένων ἐπάγειν τὴν τιμωρίαν· ἐφ' ῳ καὶ αἰσχύνεσθαι συμβαίνει τὸν κρίνοντα ὡς μὴ δεόντως ἐπιτιμήσαντα τοῖς ἑαλωκόσι τῷ κακίᾳ, μόνου παρρησιαζομένου ἐν τῷ ἐκδικεῖν τοῦ λέγοντος Ωι μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν· ἀποδιδοὺς γὰρ ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ε ργα αὐτοῦ. 918 Ps 93,2 ̓Αναχθείη ταῦτα πάντα καὶ εἰς τὴν Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίαν. τότε γὰρ ἐπαρρησιάσατο ἀναμάρτητος α νθρωπος γεγονὼς καίτοι θεὸς ἐκδικήσεων κύριος ω ν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν γῆν ε κρινεν ἁμαρτίας πλήρης αὐτὴν ἀποδείξας, αὐτὸς ἁμαρτίαν οὐ ποιήσας οὐδὲ γνοὺς ἁμαρτίαν· διὸ καὶ ἀνταπέδωκε τοῖς ὑπερφανήσασιν αὐτὸν Φαρισαίοις καὶ τοῖς ἀοράτοις ἐχθροῖς ἐπαρθεῖσιν ἐν τῷ σταυρῶσαι αὐτόν. 919 Ps 93,13b Πολλαχοῦ ὁ βόθρος ἀντὶ τῆς κολάσεως λέγεται, καθὰ ει ρηται Καὶ ἐμπεσεῖται εἰς βόθρον ο ν εἰργάσατο. ἀπαρεμφάτως δὲ εἰρημένου τοῦ Εως ου ὀρυγῇ (οὐ γὰρ ει ρηται ὑπὸ τίνος), παρίσταται ἐξ ἑτέρων γραφῶν ο τι ὁ ὀρυσσόμενος τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ βόθρος οὐχ ὑπὸ α λλου ὀρύσσεται η ὑπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ εἰς αὐτὸν ἐμπεσουμένου· Ωρυξαν γὰρ πρὸ προσώπου μου βόθρον καὶ ἐνέπεσον εἰς αὐτόν· καὶ τὸ ̔Ο ὀρύσσων τῷ πλησίον βόθρον ἐμπεσεῖται εἰς αὐτόν· καὶ Οτι ὁ δὲ α φρων ὀρύσσει ἑαυτῷ κακά, κακὰ λέγων τὰς κολάσεις εἰς α ς ἐμπίπτουσιν οἱ δι' ἀφροσύνην ἁμαρτάνοντες. 920 Ps 93,20 Σὺ δημιουργὸς ἡμῶν ὑπάρχων κήδῃ καὶ φροντίζεις ἡμῶν, ω δέσποτα· ο θεν ει τι πάρεστιν ἡμῖν ἀγαθόν, ι σμεν αὐτὸ σὸν καὶ παρὰ σοῦ ει ναι. ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ ὁρῶμεν φαύλους τινὰς κατὰ τῶν δικαίων φονῶντας καὶ ἀθῴους καταδικάζοντας, ἀναφθεγγόμεθα πρὸς σὲ μὴ ε τερος θρόνος βασιλείας σύνεστί σοι η προσέσται σοι, ο τι ταῦτα κατὰ τῶν σῶν θεραπόντων ἐπιτελεῖται, ἀλλ' οὐ πρόσεστί σοι ἀνομίας θρόνος· νόμον γὰρ τῶν πάντων βασιλέα ἀνέδειξας καθ' ο ν τὸ πᾶν διοικεῖται. κα ν τοίνυν παρανόμως α ρχειν ἐπιχειροίη διάβολος ἀποστάτης τῶν προσταγμάτων τῶν σῶν γεγενημένος, οὐ σύνεστιν οὐδὲ προσέσται σοι, ἀλλ' ἀποστὰς καὶ μακράν σου γεγενημένος λῃστάρχου δίκην τυραννεῖ κατὰ τῶν ἑλομένων ὑπὸ τὴν ὠμότητα αὐτοῦ τυγχάνειν. θρόνος γὰρ ἀνομίας ἡ μετὰ τυραννίδος ἀρχή· οὐδὲν γὰρ ε τερόν ἐστι τύραννος η παράνομος ἀρχή. διὸ καὶ ὠμότατος καὶ ἐπαχθὴς ω ν βαρέα καὶ ἐπίμοχθα προστάττει, φυλάττων τοῖς προστάγμασιν αὐτοῦ κόπον. ἀλλ' αἱ ἐντολαὶ σοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ βαρεῖαι οὐκ εἰσὶ κατὰ τὸν ̓Ιωάννην, ο θεν καὶ ἀνωφερεῖς εἰσιν ὑψοῦσαι καὶ μετεωρίζουσαι τὸν μεταποιούμενον. 921 Ps 93,20.21 ∆υνατὸν δὲ καὶ ου τως ἐκλαβεῖν τὴν λέξιν· Σοῦ, δέσποτα, κοῦφα καὶ ἐλαφρὰ προστάττοντος, κόπους ἐπὶ τοῖς σοῖς προστάγμασι πλάττει ὁ τῆς ἀνομίας θρόνος, δειλίαν καὶ τοῖς ταχθεῖσι τἀναντία ὑποβάλλων τῇ διανοίᾳ. τοῦ γὰρ ὀρθοῦ λόγου προτρεπομένου ἐπὶ δικαιοσύνην ὡς ὠφέλιμον, τὴν ἀδικίαν ἀντιτίθησιν κέρδη καὶ πορισμοὺς τὰ ἐκ ταύτης προτείνων· πάλιν τοῦ λόγου ἐπ' ἀκτημοσύνην παρακαλοῦντος καὶ ἀμεριμνίαν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ προστάγματι πλάττει κόπον, δειλίας ἐνιεὶς λογισμὸν καὶ φόβου τοῦ μὴ ὑστερηθῆναι τῶν ἀναγκαίων νόσον καὶ γήρως καταλαβόντων. ὡσαύτως καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν α λλων προσταγμάτων τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ο ντων βαρέων πλάττει κόπον βάρους φαντασίαν ὑποβάλλων. ̓Αναγνωστέον δὲ καὶ ου τως· Ω δέσποτα, ὁ πλάσσων ἐπὶ τοῖς σοῖς προστάγμασι κόπον ὡς μὴ διὰ τὸ ευ κολον καταφρονῶνται· θέλεις γὰρ τοὺς προσερχομένους αὐτοῖς κατορθοῦν αὐτὰ σὺν ἱδρῶτι καὶ πόνῳ. ου τω γὰρ καρτερίαν καὶ ὑπομονὴν κτήσασθαι συμβαίνει· διὸ καὶ σωτηρία ε ψεται· ̔Ο γὰρ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, ου τος σωθήσεται. Οὐ συμπροσέσται σοι τυραννικὸς θρόνος· διὸ

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Discover how early Christians interpreted the Psalms as divine messages and prophecies about salvation and judgment.

Original English Translation — new OET from PG Greek.

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