Fragments on the Psalms · §170

The Right Hand and the Falling Enemy

Only those who fear, sleeping and drinking in the night, are affected; but the one surrounded by the truth of God is not struck by a flying arrow in the daytime. A heterodox word promises a flying arrow in the daytime.

But he who uses the truth does not fear being led astray by a deed in the darkness. A deed led astray in the darkness is every sin and every ignorance and the working of those evil spirits of error.

Along with these, he will not fear any accident, bearing all things tangibly and bravely, saying the same thing to Job: 'If we have received the good things from the hand of the Lord, shall we not receive the bad?' (Job 2:10). As it seemed good to the Lord, so it happened. For everything brought by the Lord is received as good, knowing that to those who love the Lord all things work together for good (Romans 8:28), even the painful and distressing things brought by temptation.

Therefore, it happens to conquer and to turn against them. For blessed is the man who endures temptation (James 1:12), who having been proved, shall receive the crown of life. He who is found in so many uprightnesses does not even fear the devil transforming himself into an angel of light (2 Corinthians 11:14). A midday demon is promised a full-strength light through philosophy and empty deception; this very thing is entirely a midday demon.

Not he alone, but also his servants, transforming themselves into servants of righteousness, are midday demons. But even if each one pretends to be such a midday demon, those who pretend will not remain, when the light of the ungodly is extinguished, when Christ has come to enlighten the hidden things of darkness and to reveal the counsels of the hearts (Ps 90:7–9).

He who is upright in practical matters and in the knowledge of the truth holds many who attack treacherously in his hands, but he surrounds all of them, having put on the armor of God. Since fewer attack the moral matters on the left, while many are on the right regarding the spiritual, thousands fall from the bench of the perfect, ten thousands falling from his right. The bench, being said in opposition to the right, implies the notion of the left and the ill-named. Similar to these is also in Deuteronomy...

It is called rightly regarding those who uphold the law: 'If he will pursue a thousand, two thousand shall flee before him' (Ps 64:7). And Paul, not having been perfected, fights against the adversaries through the ships of righteousness of the right and the left, predicting a thousand falling from his left and ten thousand from his right.

And in Ecclesiastes, in praise of the right, it is said thus: 'The heart of the wise is at his right hand, but the heart of a fool is at his left' (Eccl 7:4). The wise man, having his mind upon the intelligible and spiritual things, is called right because the precious things are on the right; but he who lacks understanding regarding sensible and material things is second and on the left.

And the falling thousand and ten thousand do not approach the righteous to harm him; for it is written, 'They shall not approach you' (Ps 91:7). For when the zealous one intends to approach, the phalanx of the adversaries falls. For it is said, 'As they approach to devour my flesh, those who afflict me and my enemies themselves have stumbled and fallen' (Ps 27:2).

These things are fulfilled symbolically in the Gospels; for how closely did those who had come to seize Him dare to approach Jesus, when He said, 'Whom are you seeking?' and they answered, 'Jesus of Nazareth,' and He, Jesus, said, 'I am,' and they went backward and fell to the ground (John 18:4-6).

Besides these things being fulfilled (I am indeed saying regarding the falling thousand and ten thousand of the enemies not approaching the righteous), he will understand with the eyes of his mind, being guarded by that which has been made upright for him by the truth, the things that have been made upright for him, and he will see also the retribution of sinners; having said these things about them, he immediately confesses Him, the Cause of all existing goods. Because of this he says: 'O Lord, all these things have been made upright for me, since no one else but You have established my hope.' For if in the things above it is said, 'God is my refuge and I hope in Him' (Ps 91:2), and 'Under the wings of God, you hope' (Ps 91:4).

He says 'Perceptions and thus'; since the circumstances of both the unrighteous and the righteous fall together in common, and he is named because of the things that have fallen upon him, the words set forth are not regarding these evils. For a bodily scourge has often struck the tent, that is, the body of the righteous; for 'we were being tested, we were being scourged,' says Paul (1 Cor 11:30). And the Savior Himself also...

Greek

̓Εκείνων μόνων φοβουμένων τῶν ἐν νυκτὶ καθευδόντων καὶ μεθυόντων, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ βέλος πετόμενον ἡμέρας δεδίττεται ὁ κυκλωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἀληθείας. βέλος δὲ πετόμενον ἡμέρας ἐπαγγελλόμενος φωτεινὸς ει ναι ἑτερόδοξος λόγος. ̓Αλλ' οὐδ' ἀπὸ πράγματος ἐν σκότει διαπορευομένου φοβεῖται, ο πλῳ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ χρώμενος. πρᾶγμα δὲ ἐν σκότει διαπορευόμενον πᾶσα ἁμαρτία καὶ α γνοια καὶ τὰ ἐνεργοῦντα αὐτὰ πονηρὰ πνεύματα τῆς πλάνης. πρὸς τούτοις οὐδὲ σύμπτωμα φοβηθήσεται, πάντα τλητικῶς καὶ γενναίως φέρων, κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ τῷ ̓Ιὼβ λέγων Εἰ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐδεξάμεθα ἐκ χειρὸς κυρίου, τὰ κακὰ οὐχ ὑποίσομεν; ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ ε δοξεν, ου τως καὶ ἐγένετο. πᾶν γὰρ τὸ ἐπαγόμενον παρὰ κυρίου προσδέχεται ὡς ἀγαθόν, εἰδὼς ο τι Τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν κύριον πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν, καὶ τὰ ἐπίπονα καὶ θλιβερὰ 185 κατὰ πειρασμὸν ἐπαγόμενα. ἀμέλει γοῦν καὶ νικᾶν καὶ στρέφεσθαι ἐπ' αὐτοῖς συμβαίνει· Μακάριος γὰρ ἀνὴρ ο ς ὑπομένει πειρασμόν, ο τι δόκιμος γενόμενος λήψεται τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς. ̔Ο ου ν ἐν τοσούτοις κατορθώμασιν εὑρεθεὶς οὐδὲ τὸν μετασχηματιζόμενον εἰς α γγελον φωτὸς διάβολον φοβεῖται ο ντα δαιμόνιον μεσημβρινόν. κα ν ἀκμαῖον φῶς ἐπαγγέλληται διὰ φιλοσοφίας καὶ κενῆς ἀπάτης, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ο λον ἐστὶ δαιμόνιον μεσημβρινόν. οὐκ αὐτὸς δὲ μόνος ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ διάκονοι αὐτοῦ μετασχηματιζόμενοι εἰς διακόνους δικαιοσύνης δαιμόνια μεσημβρινά εἰσιν. ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ προσποιεῖται τούτων ε καστος μεσημβρινὸς ει ναι, οὐ διαμένουσι τοιοῦτοι οι οι ει ναι προσποιοῦνται, σβεσθησομένου τοῦ φωτὸς τῶν ἀσεβῶν, ο ταν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐλθὼν φωτίσῃ τὰ κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους καὶ τὰς βουλὰς τῶν καρδιῶν φανερώσῃ. 904 Ps 90,7–9 ̔Ο ἐν τοῖς πρακτικοῖς καὶ ἐν τοῖς τῆς γνώσεως τῆς ἀληθείας κατορθῶν πολλοὺς τοὺς ἐφεδρεύοντας ἐπιβουλευτικῶς ε χει, ἀλλὰ πάντων αὐτῶν περιγίνεται ἐνδυσάμενος τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ θεοῦ. ει τ' ἐπεὶ ὀλιγώτεροι ἐπιβουλεύουσι τοῖς ἠθικοῖς ὡς α ν ἀριστεροῖς ου σιν, πολλοὶ δὲ τοῖς πνευματικοῖς ὑπάρχουσι δεξιοῖς, ἐκ τοῦ κλίτους τοῦ τελείου χιλιὰς πίπτει, μυριάδος πεσουμένης ἐκ τῶν δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ. τὸ κλῖτος δὲ πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν δεξιοῦ λεχθὲν τὴν περὶ ἀριστεροῦ καὶ εὐωνύμου ὑπόληψιν ὑποβάλλει. παραπλήσια τούτοις καὶ ἐν ∆ευτερονομίῳ λέγεται πρὸς τοὺς κατορθοῦντας τὸν νόμον Ει ς ἐξ ὑμῶν διώξεται χιλίους καὶ δύο μετακινήσουσι μυριάδας. καὶ Παῦλος γοῦν ου τω τελειωθεὶς πρὸς τοὺς ἐναντίους πολεμεῖ διὰ τῶν ο πλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν, ὡς πίπτειν ἐκ τῶν ἀριστερῶν αὐτοῦ χιλιάδα, μυριάδα δὲ ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐν ̓Εκκλησιαστῇ ἐπὶ ἐπαίνου τὸ δεξιὸν φέρεται ου τως· Καρδία σοφοῦ ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ, καρδία δὲ α φρονος εἰς ἀριστερὰν αὐτοῦ· τοῦ σοφοῦ τὸν νοῦν ε χοντος περὶ τὰ νοητὰ καὶ πνευματικὰ διὰ τὸ τίμια ει ναι δεξιὰ καλεῖται, τοῦ δὲ α φρονος περὶ αἰσθητὰ καὶ ὑλικὰ δευτέρα καὶ ἀριστερά ἐστιν. Πίπτουσα δὲ ἡ χιλιὰς καὶ ἡ μυριὰς οὐκ ἐγγίζει τῷ δικαίῳ ἐπὶ τῷ βλάψαι· γέγραπται δὲ Πρὸς σὲ δὲ οὐκ ἐγγιεῖ. α μα γὰρ τῷ ἐθέλειν πλησιάσαι τῷ σπουδαίῳ πίπτει ἡ φάλαγξ τῶν ἐναντίων· ̓Εν τῷ ἐγγίζειν γὰρ ἐπ' ἐμὲ κακοῦντας τοῦ φαγεῖν τὰς σάρκας μου οἱ θλίβοντές με καὶ οἱ ἐχθροί μου αὐτοὶ ἠσθένησαν καὶ ε πεσον. ἐπιτελούμενα ταῦτα συμβολικῶς ευ ροις ἐν τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ· ὁπηνίκα γὰρ συνεγγίσαι τῷ ̓Ιησοῦ ἐτόλμησαν οἱ ἐπὶ τῷ συλλαβεῖν αὐτὸν ἐληλυθότες, εἰπόντος αὐτοῦ Τίνα ζητεῖτε, τῶν δὲ ἀποκριναμένων ̓Ιησοῦν τὸν Ναζαρηνόν, ἀποκριναμένου αὐτοῦ τοῦ ̓Ιησοῦ τὸ ̓Εγώ εἰμι, ̓Απῆλθον εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω καὶ ε πεσον χαμαί. Πλὴν τούτων ἐπιτελουμένων (λέγω δὴ τοῦ μὴ ἐγγίζειν τῷ δικαίῳ τὴν πίπτουσαν χιλιάδα καὶ μυριάδα τῶν πολεμίων), τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς τῆς διανοίας ἑαυτοῦ κατανοήσει τὰ κατορθωθέντα αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φρουρούμενος, ὀψόμενος καὶ τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν· τούτων εἰρημένων περὶ αὐτῶν, εὐθέως αὐτὸν τὸν αι τιον τῶν ὑπαρξάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁμολογῶν. διὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ω δέσποτα, κατωρθώθη μοι ταῦτα πάντα, ἐπείπερ οὐκ α λλος η σὺ ἐλπίς μου καθέστηκας. ει πε γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω Καὶ καταφυγή μου ὁ θεὸς καὶ ἐλπιῶ ἐπ' αὐτόν, καὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ Καὶ ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐλπιεῖς. 905 Ps 90,10 Νοήσεις καὶ ου τως· κοινῶς συνπιπτόντων ἀδίκοις καὶ δικαίοις τῶν περιστατικῶν α καὶ κακὰ διὰ τὸ ἐπίπονον ὠνομάσθη, οὐκ α ρα περὶ τῶν ου τω κακῶν αἱ προκείμεναι λέξεις. καὶ μάστιξ γὰρ σωματικὴ πολλάκις καθήψατο σκηνώματος τουτέστι σώματος δικαίου· ̓Επειράσθησαν γὰρ ἐμαστιγώθησαν, φησὶν ὁ Παῦλος. καὶ αὐτὸς γοῦν ὁ σωτὴρ

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Discover how early Christians interpreted the Psalms as divine messages and prophecies about salvation and judgment.

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