Commentary on Zechariah · §115

Deceitful Wages and False Doctrines

My words. For those who agreed that my wages were thirty pieces of silver. It is appropriate to receive both a wage and silver. Often, the divine teachings and the word are signified by this name: 'The words of the Lord are pure words, like silver refined in a furnace, tested, cleansed in the earth seven times' (Ps 12:6). And again, it is said proverbially: 'The tongue of the righteous is like refined silver' (Prov 10:20). For the word is signified by the name of the tongue.

And since not all silver mentioned allegorically is praised, but some is also reproached, thus God says to the false teachers of Israel: 'Your silver is worthless' (Jer 6:30); He does not mean a physical coin, but a deceitful word. And regarding those who use it to describe the discerning ones, to say of the generation producing these things: 'Call them rejected silver, for the Lord has rejected them,' it is manifest that they are deceitful and forbidden things.

This understanding is the proverbial ordinance brought forth thus: 'Silver given with deceit should be regarded as shards.' For the deceptive and contentious word brought forth with deceit by sophists—even if it seems to be about great things, the so-called 'exaltations, puffed up according to the knowledge of God'—is to be announced as being to be regarded as shards; such are those who are described as 'those who set their minds on earthly things' (Col 3:2), whom Isaiah said are 'those shouting from the earth' (Isa 28:9).

Since there is indeed a difference between logical silvers, having established the wage of those of the circumcision against those who toil over them as thirty pieces of silver, the Father says to the one having received the thirty pieces of silver: 'Cast them into the treasury and test if it is worthy' (Matt 27:5), the silver given, 'in the manner in which I was tested' on their behalf. For thus it will be revealed whether I am providing worthily the wage for which I accepted toil on their behalf, 'laying down my life and giving it as a ransom for many' (Mk 10:45).

Having said these things of the Father, I say this: Cast the thirty pieces of silver into the treasury, the one 'having become obedient unto death' (Phil 2:8) without hesitation, following what was commanded; they took, He says, the silver and threw it into the house of the Lord into the treasury (Matt 27:5). When this was fulfilled, it became known of the Pharisees and the others from...

The reward of circumcision is deceitful, just as those searching the scriptures which testify concerning the Savior as he spoke them have considered it to be a counterfeit coin.

For often in the Gospels the wicked word of those being accused is exposed, as in: 'This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me; and in vain they worship me, teaching commandments of men as doctrines' (Matt 15:8), nullifying the commandment of God through their harmful tradition. Likewise, those proposing an unproven word concerning whether it is necessary to give tribute to Caesar or not are exposed, as they themselves were accused of being deceitful and speaking with much cunning from that very moment; for when being asked, the Savior said: 'Show me the coin' (Matt 22:19), meaning 'whose image and inscription it has.' And those saying: 'Caesar's,' were strongly rebated upon hearing: 'Therefore render to Caesar the things of Caesar, and to God the things of God' (Matt 22:21).

And not only do the Jews approaching the Savior in a testing manner possess an unproven word, but also the heretics in Christianity who pseudo-doctrinalize, 'walking in cunning and deceiving the word of the Lord,' diverting and distorting the will of the God-breathed oracles; whom one must also reject, considering their deceitful word to be as counterfeit silver. Is the word of those setting two unbegotten principles, good and evil—and these are Manichaeans—not unproven? And is it not unproven of those saying the Son is a creature and dividing the Holy Spirit from Father and Son? And is it not unproven of the impious ones regarding the incarnation of the Savior, those thinking the Savior appeared and was not true?

Not only is the counterfeit silver made manifest from the crucible of the house of God, but also the genuine silver bearing the image and character of the All-King Savior, 'having been purified sevenfold,' which must be held and in which one must prosper by possession. They are grasping that those whom Judas received, thirty pieces of silver from the Jews in order that he might betray the Lord (Matt 26:15), are signified also from the spoken word, and this is the greatest indictment of the Jews who gave and of Judas who received the thirty pieces of silver for betrayal. For it was necessary for them a reward...

Greek

μου τοὺς λόγους. Οἳ δὲ ὡμολόγησαν τὸν μισθόν μου τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς εἶναι. 4.117 Μισθὸν δὲ καὶ ἀργύριον ἀνηγμένως προσήκει ἐκλαβεῖν. Πολλαχοῦ γὰρ τῆς θείας παιδεύσεως τὰ λόγια καὶ ὁ λόγος τῷδε τῷ ὀνόματι δηλοῦνται· «Τὰ λόγια γὰρ Κυρίου, λόγια ἁγνά, ἀργύριον πεπυρωμένον δοκιμεῖον τῇ γῇ κεκαθαρισμένον ἑπταπλασίως.» Καὶ πάλιν παροιμιωδῶς λέγεται· «Ἄργυρος πεπυρωμένος γλῶσσα δικαίου.» ∆ηλοῦται γὰρ ὁ λόγος τῷ ὀνόματι τῆς γλώττης. 4.118 Καὶ ἐπεὶ οὐ πᾶν τὸ ἀλληγορικῶς ἀργύριον ἐπαινετόν ἐστιν ἀλλὰ καὶ ψεγόμενον, λέγων οὖν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς ψευδοδιδασκάλοις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ· «Τὸ ἀργύριον ὑμῶν ἀδόκιμον», οὐκ αἰσθητὸν νόμισμα αἰτιᾶται, ἀλλὰ δολερὸν λόγον. Καὶ περὶ τῶν χρωμένων αὐτῷ τοῖς διορατικοῖς τὸν Θεὸν εἰπεῖν· «Ἀργύριον ἀποδεδοκιμασμένον καλέσατε αὐτούς, ὅτι ἀπεδοκίμασεν Κύριος» τὴν γενεὰν τὴν ποιοῦσαν ταῦτα, φανερὸν ὅτι τὰ δολερὰ καὶ ἀπηγορευμένα. 4.119 Ταύτης τῆς νοήσεώς ἐστιν τὸ παροιμιῶδες θέσπισμα προφερόμενον οὕτως· «Ἀργύριον διδόμενον μετὰ δόλου ὥσπερ ὄστρακον ἡγητέον.» Τὸν γὰρ ἀπατηλὸν καὶ ἐριστικὸν σὺν δόλῳ προφερόμενον λόγον ὑπὸ σοφιστῶν, κἂν 125 δόκῃ περὶ μεγάλων τῶν καλουμένων «ὑψωμάτων, ἐπαιρομένων κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ», ἀπαγγέλλειν, ὡς ὄστρακον ἡγητέον αὐτὸν εἶναι· οἷός ἐστιν ὃν προφέρονται «οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες», οὓς «ἐκ τῆς γῆς φωνοῦντας» εἶπεν Ἠσαίας. 4.120 Οὔσης τοιγαροῦν διαφορᾶς λογικῶν ἀργυρίων, στησάντων τῶν ἐκ περιτομῆς μισθὸν τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καμόντι τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς, ὁ Πατήρ φησιν τῷ τοὺς τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς μισθὸν λαβόντι· «Κάθες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ χωνευτήριον καὶ σκέψαι εἰ δόκιμόν ἐστιν» τὸ δοθὲν ἀργύριον «ὃν τρόπον ἐδοκιμάσθην» ἐγὼ «ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν». Οὕτω γὰρ φανερωθήσεται εἰ ἐπαξίως παρέσχον τὸν μισθὸν οὗ ἀνεδεξάμην καμάτου ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, «θεὶς τὴν ψυχήν μου καὶ δοὺς αὐτὴν λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν». 4.121 Ταῦτα τοῦ Πατρὸς εἰρηκότος, λέγω δὴ τό· Κάθες τοὺς τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς εἰς τὸ χωνευτήριον, ὁ «ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου γενάμενος» ἀμελλητὶ τὸ προσταχθὲν ἀνύσας· Ἔλαβον, φησίν, τοὺς ἀργυροῦς καὶ ἐνέβαλον αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸν οἶκον Κυρίου εἰς τὸ χωνευτήριον. Τούτου πληρωθέντος, ἐγνώσθη τῶν φαρισαίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐκ περιτομῆς ὁ μισθὸς δολερός, ὡς ὄστρακον αὐτὸν ἡγήσασθαι τοὺς ἐραυνῶντας γραφὰς τὰς μαρτυρούσας περὶ τοῦ αὐτὰς εἰρηκότος Σωτῆρος. 4.122 Πολλαχοῦ γὰρ τῶν Εὐαγγελίων ἐλέγχεται ὁ πονηρὸς λόγος τῶν ἐγκαλουμένων, ὡς ἐν τῷ· «Ὁ λαὸς οὗτος τοῖς χείλεσίν με τιμᾷ, ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ· μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με διδάσκοντες ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας ἀνθρώπων», ἀκυροῦντες τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν ἐπιβλαβῆ παράδοσιν αὐτῶν. 4.123 Ὡσαύτως ἐλέγχονται ἀδόκιμον λόγον προτείνοντες περὶ τοῦ πότερον δεῖ διδόναι φόρον Καίσαρι ἢ οὔ, ὡς αὐτόθεν καὶ ἐξ ὧν ἔλεγον ἠλέγχθησαν δολεροὶ καὶ σὺν πολλῇ πανουργίᾳ φθεγγόμενοι· ἐρόμενος γὰρ αὐτούς, ὁ Σωτὴρ εἶπεν· «Ἐπιδείξατέ μοι τὸ νόμισμα», δηλοῦντες «τίνος ἔχει εἰκόνα καὶ ἐπιγραφήν». Τῶν δὲ φαμένων· «Καίσαρος», ἰσχυρῶς ἠλέγχθησαν ἀκούσαντες· «Τοίνυν ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ.» 4.124 Οὐ μόνοι δὲ οἱ πειραστικῶς τῷ Σωτῆρι προσιόντες Ἰουδαῖοι ἀδόκιμον ἔχουσιν λόγον, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἐν τῷ χριστιανισμῷ ψευδοδοξοῦντες αἱρετικοί, «ἐν πανουργίᾳ περιπατοῦντες καὶ δολοῦντες τὸν λόγον Κυρίου», παρεκδεχόμενοι καὶ παραχαράττοντες τὸ βούλημα τῶν θεοπνεύστων λογίων· οὓς καὶ αὐτοὺς παραιτητέον, ἡγούμενοι ὡς ὄστρακον τὸν δολερὸν αὐτῶν λόγον ὄντα ἀδόκιμον ἀργύριον. 4.125 Ἦ οὐκ ἀδόκιμος ὁ λόγος τῶν δύο ἀρχὰς ἀγενήτους τιθεμένων, ἀγαθοῦ καὶ κακοῦ–μανιχαῖοι δὲ οὗτοι–; καὶ τῶν κτίσμα λεγόντων τὸν Υἱὸν καὶ ἀπομεριζόντων τὸ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα ἀπὸ Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ; καὶ ὁ τῶν ἀσεβούντων εἰς τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν τοῦ Σωτῆρος, δοκήσει καὶ οὐκ ἀληθείᾳ πεφᾶνθαι τὸν Σωτῆρα οἰομένων; 4.126 Οὐ μόνον δὲ τὸ ἀδόκιμον ἀργύριον ἐκ τοῦ χωνευτηρίου τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ φανεροῦται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ δόκιμον φέρον τὴν εἰκόνα καὶ χαρακτῆρα τοῦ παμβασιλέως Σωτῆρος, «κεκαθαρισμένον ἑπταπλασίως», ὅπερ κατέχειν δεῖ καὶ πλουτεῖν τῇ κτήσει αὐτοῦ. 4.127 Εἰσὶν ἐκλαμβάνοντες ὅτι οὓς ἔλαβεν Ἰούδας τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἵνα προδῷ τὸν Κύριον σημαίνονται καὶ ἐκ τῆς προκειμένης λέξεως, μέγιστος δ' ἔλεγχος τῶν δεδωκότων Ἰουδαίων καὶ τοῦ εἰληφότος Ἰούδα τοὺς ὑπὲρ προδοσίας τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς. ∆έον γὰρ μισθὸν αὐτοὺς

About this text

Didymus the Blind on Zechariah.

Catalogue & scope

Khazarzar scan

Witnesses

  • Copy-text PG (Khazarzar) (Greek)

This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.