Commentary on the Psalms · §4

The Kingly Joy and Reward

"When the kingdom is handed over to God and Father," he no longer reigns in the same way; not that he ceases to reign entirely, but he no longer reigns thus. There, he is called both king and kingdom; for "Lord, the king shall rejoice in your power" (Ps 21:13). If we take this word regarding the Word of God, he himself is found to be both king and power; for "Christ is the power of God" (1 Cor 1:24), and "the power of the Most High"—who is this?—"overshadowed" (Luke 1:35) Mary, so that she might conceive and become the mother of the temple. Therefore, if we wish to receive power from the Word of God, we look for the king, the Lordly man. He rejoices in the power of God.

Has the success not occurred in those things in which it is necessary to rejoice and be glad? These successes have not happened by the power of the man, but from the power to the man. Likewise, Paul says the resurrection of the Savior happens in this way: "He was crucified in weakness, but lives by the power of God" (2 Cor 4:10). We do not say the life is living by the power of God, nor the power is living by the power of God. "Having been put to death in the flesh, he was made alive in the spirit." He is put to death in the flesh, not put to death in divinity. We understand these things said about the man because: "the king shall rejoice in your power" (Ps 21:13); for even if he has prevailed over wars and subjected them and "given authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions" (Luke 10:19), this has happened by power; for this power strengthened the existing temple and the king himself to become the "author of salvation" (Acts 3:15).

"You put to death the author of life" (Acts 3:15). He is first in all things; for he says, "so that he might become himself first in all things." He is second to no one, nor is anyone equal to him in common things. I say, then, that the affairs of the Lordly man and the holy men are common. But no one is equal to him, nor is he second to anyone; therefore he is called the leader. "Lord, the king shall rejoice in your power" (Ps 21:13). And this could be said of each individual queen according to God. Abraham was a private person regarding his immediate life, yet it is said he was a "king by God." Thus, he had another kingdom: to save the divine laws and the spiritual things.

For he who reigns thus, even if he does not rule others, rules himself; first himself, then others. Again: 'You have reigned without us; and it would have been better if you had also reigned, so that we too might reign with you.' Do not think, O Corinthians—for they were self-willed in this and thought greatly of themselves—he says: do not think that we envy you if you reign. We do not reign for your sake. God does not wish to complete us without you; for this reason we do not reign because you are not yet reigning. If, therefore, you reign, we are ready to reign.

Just as if certain people, being great men, were called to a banquet by the king. The philanthropy of the king called also those inferior to those present. He says: 'Let us not eat without them, so that they might not be left out, those coming later, to be feasted.' They also have those who arrived beforehand and were feasting previously. This also is said in Psalm 1: 'The righteous shall wait for me, until I repay them in kind' (Psalm 1:5). No one is said to wait by chance among those expecting to wait, but rather the one who has received the call, having a purpose to enjoy these things.

Every one of the saints, therefore, is a king. And they were saying that what is fitting for the Savior also fits the righteous, even if in a diminished and lesser way. He says therefore also concerning each saint: 'Lord, in your power the king shall be made glad.' And he did not say 'he rejoices,' but 'he shall be made glad.' When the time of gladness is, then he shall be made glad.

4 Therefore, this can also be said specifically concerning David and concerning his human and sensible kingship, that having ruled the kingdom well, he shall receive a reward upon it; for each one, when he has been entrusted with what, if he endures well, has a reward upon them. Becoming faithful over a little, he enters 'into the joy' (Matthew 25:21) of the neighbor and of God. 2 Lord, in your power the king shall be made glad. He speaks of the saving power that makes the king rejoice, according to how God is the Word. Previously it was said that the words must be taken just as the underlying things are, and not to force the things toward the meaning. With us, the name of power is being worn down. It signifies many things; I say power as equal to strength. I do not say thus the Savior of God...

Greek

"ὅταν παραδιδῷ τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρί", οὐκέτι οὕτω βασιλεύει· οὐ γὰρ καθάπαξ οὐκέτι βασιλεύει, ἀλλ' οὕτως οὐκέτι βασιλεύει. ὀνομάζεται ἐκεῖ βασιλεὺς καὶ βασιλεία· "κύριε" γάρ, "ἐν τῇ δυνάμει σου εὐφρανθήσεται ὁ βασιλεύς". ἐὰν ἐπὶ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου λάβωμεν τὴν λέξιν ταύτην, εὑρίσκεται αὐτὸς καὶ βασιλεὺς καὶ δύναμις· "Χριστὸς" γὰρ "θεοῦ δύναμις", καί· "δύναμις ἦν ὑψίστου"–οὗτός ἐστιν– "ἐπεσκίασεν" τὴν Μαρίαν, ἵνα κυοφορήσῃ καὶ μήτηρ γένηται τοῦ ναοῦ. ἐὰν οὖν θέλωμεν λαβεῖν τὴν δύναμιν ἐκ θεοῦ λόγου, τὸν βασιλέα τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν κυριακὸν ἐκδεχόμεθα. οὗτος δὲ εὐφραίνεται ἐν τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ δυνάμει. ἡ ἐπιδημία οὖν οὐ κατώρθωσεν ἐφ' οἷς χαίρειν καὶ γεγηθέναι δεῖ; ταῦτα δὲ τὰ κατορθώματα οὐ γέγονεν ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τῇ δυνάμει, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ. αὐτίκα γοῦν καὶ τὴν ἀνά στασιν τοῦ σωτῆρος οὕτω λέγει γίνεσθαι ὁ Παῦλος φάσκων· "ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας, ἀλλὰ ζῇ ἐκ δυνάμεως θεοῦ". μὴ τὴν ζωὴν λέγομεν ζῆν ἐκ δυνάμεως θεοῦ, μὴ τὴν δύναμιν ἐκ δυνάμεως θεοῦ ζῆν. "θανατωθεὶς" οὖν "σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι". θαν̣ατ̣ο̣ῦται σαρκί, οὐ θανατοῦται θεότητι. ἐκλαμβάνομεν οὖν περὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ταῦτα εἰρῆσθαι ὅτι· "ἐν τῇ δυνάμει σου εὐφρανθήσεται ὁ βασιλεύς"· εἰ γὰρ καὶ περιγέγονεν πολεμίων καὶ ὑπέταξ̣εν αυ᾿̣τοὺς καὶ "ἐξουσίαν" τοῖς ἄλλοις "δέδωκεν πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων", δυνάμει τοῦτο γε´̣γ̣ο̣ν̣ε̣ν̣· αὐτ̣η`̣ γὰρ ἡ δύναμις ἐνίσχυσεν τὸν ναὸν ὄντα καὶ αὐτὸν βασιλέα πρὸς τὸ "ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας" γενέσθαι. "τὸν δὲ ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς ἀπεκτείνατε". ἐν πᾶσιν πρωτεύει· "ἵνα γένηται" γ̣α´̣ρ, φησίν, "αὐτὸς ἐν πᾶσιν πρωτεύων". οὐδενὸς δεύτερός ἐστιν, οὐδὲ ἴσος τις αὐτοῦ ἐν τοῖς κοινοῖς. ἐ´̣λ̣ε̣γον δέ, ὅτι κοινά ἐστιν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τοῦ κυριακοῦ καὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἀνδρῶν τὰ πράγματα. οὐδεὶς δὲ οὔτε ἴσος αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ αὐτός τινος δεύτερός ἐστιν· διὸ καὶ ἀρχηγὸς λέγεται. "κύριε" οὖν, "ἐν τῇ δυνάμει σου εὐφρανθήσεται ὁ βασιλεύς". καὶ περὶ τῆς ἑκάστου βασιλίδος κατὰ θεὸν ῥηθείη ἂν τοῦτο. ὁ Ἀβραὰμ ἰδιώτης ἦν, ὅσον περὶ τὸν πρόχειρον βίον, καὶ εἴρηται "βασιλεὺς παρὰ θεοῦ" εἶναι. ἄλλην 6 ἄρα βασιλείαν εἶχεν τὸ θείους νόμους καὶ πνευματικοὺς σῴζειν. καὶ ὁ οὕτω βασιλεύων κἂν μὴ ἄλλων κρατῇ, ἑαυ τοῦ βασιλεύει· πρῶτον ἑαυτοῦ, εἶτα ἄλλων. πάλιν· "χωρὶς ἡμῶν ἐβασιλεύσατε· καὶ ὄφελόν γε καὶ ἐβασιλεύσατε, ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς ὑμῖν συνβασιλεύσωμεν". μὴ νομίσητε, ὠ῀̣ Κορίνθιοι– αὐθέκαστοι δὲ οὗτο̣ι ἦσαν καὶ μεγάλα περὶ ἑαυτῶν φρονοῦντες–λέγει· μὴ νομίσητε, ὅτι φθονοῦμεν ὑμῖν ἐὰν βασιλεύσητε. ἡμεῖς ὑμῶν ἕνεκα οὐ βασιλεύομεν. οὐ θέλει ὁ θεὸς χωρὶς ὑμῶν ἡμᾶς τελέσαι· διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ οὐ βασιλεύομεν ὅτι οὔπω ὑμεῖς βασιλεύετε. ἐὰν οὖν ὑμεῖς βασιλεύσητε, ἑτοίμως ἔχομεν τὸ βασιλεῦσαι. οἷον κεκλήσθωσάν τινες̣ ε̣ι᾿̣ς̣ εὐωχίαν παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως μεγάλοι τινὲς ὄντες. ἡ φιλανθρωπία τοῦ βασιλέω̣ς̣ ἐκάλεσεν καὶ ὑποδεεστέρους τῶν παρόντων. λέγει ὅτι· "μὴ φάγωμεν χωρὶς ἐκείνων, ἵνα μη`̣ λειφ̣θῶσιν λοιπὸν ἐκεῖνοι ἐλθόντες εὐωχηθῆναι". ἔχουσιν καὶ τοὺς προλαβόντας καὶ προηγ̣ο̣υμένως εὐωχουμένους. τοῦτο καὶ ἐν ψαλμῷ ἑνὶ λέγει· "ἐμὲ ὑπομενοῦσιν δίκαιοι, ἕως οὗ ἀνταποδῷς μοι". οὐδεὶς τυχὼν τῶν προσδοκουμένων ὑπομένειν λέγεται, ἀλλὰ ὁ μέντοι εἰληφώς, σκοπὸν δὲ ἔχων ἀπολαῦσαι τούτων. ἕκαστος τῶν ἁγίων οὖν βασιλεύς ἐστιν. καὶ ἔλεγον ὅτι τὰ ἁρμόζοντα τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἁρμόζει καὶ τοῖς δικαίοις, εἰ καὶ ἀπολειπομένως καὶ ἐλαττόνως. λέγει οὖν καὶ περὶ ἑκάστου ἁγίου· "κύριε, ἐν τῇ δυνάμει σου εὐφρανθήσεται ὁ βασιλεύς". καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν "εὐφραίνεται", ἀλλὰ "εὐφρανθήσεται". ὅταν ὁ καιρός ἐστιν τῆς εὐφροσύνης, τότε εὐφρανθήσεται. 4 δύναται οὖν καὶ περὶ τοῦ ∆αυὶδ ἰδικῶς τοῦτο λελέχθαι καὶ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης καὶ αἰσθητῆς, ὅτι καλῶς διοικήσας τὴν βασιλείαν μισθὸν ἐπ' αὐτῇ λήμψεται· ἕκαστος γὰρ ὅταν ἃ πιστευθῇ, καλῶς ἀνύσῃ, μισθὸν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἔχει. ἐπ' ὀλίγων πιστὸς γινόμενος, "εἰς τὴν χαρὰν" τοῦ πλησίον καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσέρχε̣τ̣α̣ι. 2 κύριε, ἐν τῇ δυνάμει σου εὐφρανθήσεται ὁ βασιλεύς. τὴν εὐφραινομένην τὸν βασιλέα δύναμιν σωτῆρα λέγει, καθὸ θεὸς λόγος ἐστίν. ἀρτίως ἔλεγον, ὅτι τὰς λέξεις οὕτως δεῖ λαμβάνειν ὡς ἔχει τὰ ὑποκείμενα πράγματα καὶ μὴ ἐκβιάζεσθαι τὰ πράγματα ἄγειν εἰς τὴν σημασίαν. παρ' ἡμῖν τέτριπται τὸ τῆς δυνάμεως ὄνομα. πολλὰ σημαίνει· λέγω δύναμιν τὴν ἴσην ἰσχύος. οὐχ οὕτω λέγω τὸν σωτῆρα θεοῦ

About this text

Didymus the Blind on the Psalms.

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