Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus 24
God caused every tree that is pleasing to the sight and good for food to spring from the earth. At the beginning only the vegetation created on the third day existed—plants, seeds, and grasses—yet the growth in Paradise was fashioned with a distinct beauty and loveliness, so that the very planting was called by God a planting of His own. The rest of the plants are like those the world possesses, but the two trees, the tree of life and the tree of knowledge, are found nowhere else but in Paradise alone. Scripture teaches that Paradise is a land planted on the earth, for it says that God planted a paradise in Eden toward the east, set the man there, and made every tree pleasing to the sight and good for food rise from the earth (Genesis 2:8-10). The phrase “from the earth” and “toward the east” shows that Paradise lies beneath this heaven, under which both east and earth exist. Eden, in Hebrew, means luxury. A river flows out of Eden to water Paradise and then splits into four branches; two of them, Phison and Geon, irrigate the eastern regions, especially Geon, which encircles all the land of Ethiopia and is identified with the Nile in Egypt. The other two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, are well known to us because they reach our own lands. God placed the man in Paradise, as previously noted, to cultivate and guard it, commanding him to eat from every fruit—including the tree of life—but forbidding him to taste of the tree of knowledge. God transferred the man from the earth from which he was formed into Paradise, granting him a chance for advancement so that, as he grew and became perfect and even divine, he might ascend to heaven; for man was created as a middle being, neither wholly mortal nor wholly immortal, but capable of both, and Paradise itself, in its beauty, stands midway between the world and heaven, possessing eternity. The command “to work” signifies no labor other than keeping God’s commandment, so that by not disobeying he would not destroy himself, as he ultimately did through sin.
Greek
Ἐξανατείλας οὖν ὁ θεὸς ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἔτι πᾶν ξύλον, ὡραῖον εἰς ὅρασιν καὶ καλὸν εἰς βρῶσιν. Ἐν γὰρ πρώτοις μόνα ᾖν τὰ ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ γεγενημένα, φυτὰ καὶ σπέρματα καὶ χλόαι· τὰ δὲ ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ ἐγενήθη διαφόρῳ καλλονῇ καὶ ὡραιότητι, ὅκου γε καὶ φυτεία ὠνόμασται ὑπὸ θεοῦ πεφυτευμένη. Καὶ τὰ μὲν λοιπὰ φυτὰ ὅμοια καὶ ὁ κόσμος ἔσχηκεν· τὰ δὲ δύο ξύλα, τὸ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τὸ τῆς γνώσεως, οὐκ ἔσχηκεν ἑτέρα γῆ ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ἐν μόνῳ τῷ παραδείσῳ.Ὅτι δὲ καὶ ὁ παράδεισος γῆ ἐστιν καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς πεφύτευται, ἡ γραφὴ λέγει· Καὶ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ θεὸς παράδεισον ἐν Ἐδὲμ κατὰ ἀντολάς, καὶ ἔθετο ἐκεῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον· καὶ ἐξανέτειλεν ὁ θεὸς ἔτι ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς πᾶν ξύλον, ὡραῖον εἰς ὅρασιν καὶ καλὸν εἰς βρῶσιν. Τὸ οὖν ἔτι ἐκ τῆς γῆς καὶ κατὰ ἀνατολὰς σαφῶς διδάσκει ἡμᾶς ἡ θεία γραφὴ τὸν παράδεισον ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν οὐρανόν, ὑφ᾿ ὃν καὶ ἀνατολαὶ καὶ· γῆ εἰσιν. Ἐδὲμ δὲ ἑβραϊστὶ τὸ εἰρημένον ἑρμηνεύεται τρυφή. Ποταμὸν δὲ σεσήμακεν ἐκπορεύεσθαι ἐξ Ἐδὲμ ποτίζειν τὸν παράδεισον, κἀκεῖθεν διαχωρίζεσθαι εἰς τέσσαρας ἀρχάς· ὧν δύο, οἱ καλούμενοι Φεισὼν καὶ Γεών, ποτίζουσιν τὰ ἀνατολικὰ μέρη, μάλιστα ὁ Γεών, ὁ κυκλῶν πᾶσαν γῆν Αἰθιοπίας, ὅν φασιν ἐν τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἀναφαίνεσθαι τὸν καλούμενον Νεῖλον. Οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι δύο ποταμοὶ φανερῶς γινώσκονται παρ᾿ ἡμῖν, οἱ καλούμενοι Τίγρις καὶ Εὐφράτης· οὗτοι γὰρ γειτνιῶσιν ἕως τῶν ἡμετέρων κλιμάτων.Θεὶς δὲ ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καθὼς προειρήκαμεν, ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ εἰς τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ φυλάσσειν αὐτόν, ἐνετείλατο αὐτῷ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν καρπῶν ἐσθίειν, δηλονότι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τῆς ζωῆς, μόνου δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ξύλου τοῦ τῆς γνώσεως ἐνετείλατο αὐτῷ μὴ γεύσασθαι. Μετέθηκεν δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ θεὸς ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ἐξ ἧς ἐγεγόνει, εἰς τὸν παράδεισον, διδοὺς αὐτῷ ἀφορμὴν προκοπῆς, ὅπως αὐξάνων καὶ τέλειος γενόμενος, ἔτι δὲ καὶ θεὸς ἀναδειχθείς, οὕτως καὶ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναβῇ (μέσος γὰρ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐγεγόνει, οὔτε θνητὸς ὁλοσχερῶς οὔτε ἀθάνατος τὸ καθόλου, δεκτικὸς δὲ ἑκατέρων· οὕτως καὶ τὸ χωρίον ὁ παράδεισος, ὡς πρὸς καλλονήν, μέσος τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ γεγένηται), ἔχων ἀϊδιότητα. Τὸ δὲ εἰπεῖν ἐργάζεσθαι οὐκ ἄλλην τινὰ ἐργασίαν δηλοῖ ἀλλ᾿ ἢ τὸ φυλάσσειν τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅκως μὴ παρακούσας ἀπολέσῃ ἑαυτόν, καθὼς καὶ ἀπώλεσεν διὰ ἁμαρτίας.