Incarnation — Word Made Flesh

Justin Martyr, Second Apology 10

Justin Martyr · c. 100–c. 165 AD

Our teachings stand far above every human doctrine, because the entire rational Christ, who appeared for our sake, has become body, word, and soul. Whatever the philosophers and lawgivers ever said well or discovered was achieved by them through a portion of the word, by means of investigation and theory. Yet because they did not know all that belongs to the word, who is Christ, they often contradicted themselves. Those who lived before Christ and tried to examine and refute reality by human reason were dragged into courts as impious and meddlesome. Socrates, the most fortunate of them all in this pursuit, was charged with the very same offenses leveled against us: they said he introduced new demons and refused to acknowledge the gods the city worshiped. He, however, banished the wicked demons the poets described as doers of evil, expelled Homer and the other poets from the city, and taught people to reject them. He urged them toward recognition of the unknown God through rational inquiry, declaring, 'It is not easy to find the Father and creator of all, nor is it safe to speak of him to all, even if one has found him.' Our Christ accomplished this by his own power. No one was persuaded to die for this teaching under Socrates; but for Christ, who was known in part even by Socrates (for he was the word who is in all, who foretold the future through the prophets, and who became like us and taught these things), not only philosophers and lovers of words were persuaded, but also craftsmen and utter laypeople, who despised glory, fear, and death, because the power belongs to the ineffable Father, not to human reason.

Greek

Μεγαλειότερα μὲν οὖν πάσης ἀνθρωπείου διδασκαλίας φαίνεται τὰ ἡμέτερα διὰ τοῦ τὸ λογικὸν τὸ ὅλον τὸν φανέντα δι᾿ ἡμᾶς Χριστὸν γεγονέναι καὶ σῶμα καὶ λόγον καὶ ψυχήν. Ὅσα γὰρ καλῶς ἀεὶ ἐφθέγξαντο καὶ εὗρον οἱ φιλοσοφήσαντες ἢ νομοθετήσαντες, κατὰ λόγου μέρος δι᾿ εὑρέσεως καὶ θεωρίας ἐστὶ πονηθέντα αὐτοῖς. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ πάντα τὰ τοῦ λόγου ἐγνώρισαν, ὅς ἐστι Χριστός, καὶ ἐναντία ἑαυτοῖς πολλάκις εἶπον. Καὶ οἱ προγεγενημένοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, κατὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον λόγῳ πειραθέντες τὰ πράγματα θεωρῆσαι καὶ ἐλέγξαι, ὡς ἀσεβεῖς καὶ περίεργοι εἰς δικαστήρια ἤχθησαν. Ὁ πάντων δὲ αὐτῶν εὐτονώτερος πρὸς τοῦτο γενόμενος Σωκράτης τὰ αὐτὰ ἡμῖν ἐνεκλήθη· καὶ γὰρ ἔφασαν αὐτὸν καινὰ δαιμόνια εἰσφέρειν, καὶ οὓς ἡ πόλις νομίζει θεοὺς μὴ ἡγεῖσθαι αὐτόν. Ὁ δὲ δαίμονας μὲν τοὺς φαύλους καὶ τοὺς πράξαντας ὰ ἔφασαν οἱ ποιηταί, ἐκβαλὼν τῆς πολιτείας καὶ Ὅμηρον καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ποιητάς, παραιτεῖσθαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐδίδαξε, πρὸς θεοῦ δὲ τοῦ ἀγνώστου αὐτοῖς διὰ λόγου ζητήσεως ἐπίγνωσιν προὐτρέπετο, εἰπών· „Τὸν δὲ πατέρα καὶ δημιουργὸν πάντων οὔθ᾿ εὑρεῖν ῥᾴδιον, οὔθ᾿ εὑρόντα εἰς πάντας εἰπεῖν ἀσφαλές“. Ἅ ὁ ἡμέτερος Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμεως ἔπραξε. Σωκράτει μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς ἐπείσθη ὑπὲρ τούτου τοῦ δόγματος ἀποθνήσκειν· Χριστῷ δέ, τῷ καὶ ὑπὸ Σωκράτους ἀπὸ μέρους γνωσθέντι (λόγος γὰρ ἦν καὶ ἔστιν ὁ ἐν παντὶ ὤν, καὶ διὰ τῶν προφητῶν προειπὼν τὰ μέλλοντα γίνεσθαι καὶ δι᾿ ἑαυτοῦ ὁμοιοπαθοῦς γενομένου καὶ διδάξαντος ταῦτα), οὐ φιλόσοφοι οὐδὲ φιλόλογοι μόνον ἐπείσθησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ χειροτέχναι καὶ παντελῶς ἰδιῶται, καὶ δόξης καὶ φόβου καὶ θανάτου καταφρονήσαντες· ἐπειδὴ δύναμίς ἐστι τοῦ ἀῤῥήτου πατρὸς καὶ οὐχὶ ἀνθρωπείου λόγου τὰ σκεύη.

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